• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 2018

In this work, effect of the culture medium composition on the fermentation process of Clostridium ljungdahlii, which is acetogenic bacteria to product ethanol from synthesis gas, was examined to improve the microbial growth and ethanol production. Components of the culture medium such as yeast extract, fructose, $NH_4Cl$, and $K_2HPO_4$ were selected as influence factors for the cell growth and ethanol production. As the concentration of yeast extract increased, both of the cell growth and ethanol production increased. And the ethanol productivity was the highest at an yeast extract of 0.05 g/L, which is lower than that of base medium. As the concentration of fructose increased, the cell growth increased, but the ethanol production decreased when the concentration of fructose was higher than that of base medium (5 g/L). In an experiment with the yeast extract of 5 g/L, produced ethanol concentration was the highest (0.297 g/L) when fructose concentration was 5 g/L, however, the specific ethanol productivity was higher (0.281 g/g DCW) when the fructose was not added due to very low cell mass. The cell growth and ethanol production were not significantly influenced by $NH_4Cl$ concentration, however the growth inhibition was observed at a 30 g/L of $NH_4Cl$. When the concentration of $K_2HPO_4$ increased, both of the cell growth and ethanol production increased. In experiments with $NH_4Cl$ and $K_2HPO_4$, specific ethanol productivities were higher when the low concentration of yeast extract was used.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 1999

Ar 기류 하에서 Re(N-C6H3-2,6-i-Pr2)2Cl3(py) (1)과 propionaldehyde (C2H5CHO)가 반응하여 생성된 혼합물에서, [cis-ReCl4(py)(N-C6H3-2,6-i-Pr2)·(NH2-C6H3-2,6-i-Pr2)] (2)가 분리되었다. 이 화합물의 구조가 X-ray 회절법으로 규명되었다. 착물 2의 결정학 자료: 단사정계 공간군 P21/n, a=11.555(1) Å, b=27.066(3) Å, c=11.881(1) Å, β=117.991(8)°, Z=4, R(wR2)=0.0332(0.0851.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1973

The adsorptivity of Methylene Blue on Korean Yeongil bentonite which was premixed with a salt of KF or $NH_{4}Cl$ etc., treated at $200-500^{\circ}C$, washed and dried, was studied. In case of treatment with$NH_{4}Cl$, slight improvement of the adsorptivity of methylene blue on the products was observed. With KF, treated at$200-300^{\circ}C$, the best results was obtained. The adsorption capacity of the products was improved about 1.7 times than that of original bentonite. With $FeSO_4$ or $Na_{2}CO_3$ etc. improvement of the adsorption capacity on the products was not observed.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.137-140
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• 2001

Compound PdCl₂(Phc≡N)₂(1) reacted with 2,6-diisopropylaniline to give trans-[Pd(NH₂-C/sub 6/-H₃-2, 6-i-Pr₂)₂Cl₂] (2). Compound 2 was characterized by spectroscopy (¹H-NMR, /sup 13/C-NMR, and IR) and X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic data for 2: monoclinic space group P2₁/n, a=13.532(3) Å, b=5.749(1) Å, c=17.880(4)Å, β=103.84(2)°, Z=2, R(wR₂)=0.0466(0.1226).

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.408-414
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• 1974

The direct reactions of titanium tetrachloride with piperidine and diphenylamine in dichloromethane have been studied by examining the isolated reaction products. In the reaction with piperidine, titanium tetrachloride undergoes both addition and substitution reactions as in the following: $TiCl_4+C_5H_{10}NH{\to}TiCl_4{\cdot}C_5H_{10}NH$$TiCl_4+C_5H_{10}{\to}TiCl_3{\cdot}NC_5H_{10}+HCl$ The addition reaction is relatively fast and completed in minutes whereas the substitution reaction is very slow. The both reaction products coprecipitated with piperidine hydrochloride formed during the substitution reaction were isolated and characterized. The reaction with diphenylamine resembles to the above reaction but the addition compound could be obtained in pure crystal form.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1781-1786
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• 2007

Two copper(II) complexes, [CuL3](ClO4)2 bearing one N-CH2CH2CONH2 group as well as one N-CH2CH2CN group and [CuL4](ClO4)2 bearing two N-CH2CH2CONH2 groups, have been prepared by the selective hydrolysis of [CuL2](ClO4)2 (L2 = C-meso-1,8-bis(cyanoethyl)-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). The complex [CuL5](ClO4)2 bearing one N-CH2CH2C(=NH)OCH3 and one N-CH2CH2CN groups has been prepared as the major product from the reaction of [CuL2](ClO4)2 with methanol in the presence of triethylamine. In acidic aqueous solution, the N-CH2CH2C(=NH)OCH3 group of [CuL5](ClO4)2 undergoes hydrolysis to yield [CuL6](ClO4)2 bearing both N-CH2CH2COOCH3 and N-CH2CH2CN groups. The crystal structure of [CuL5](ClO4)2 shows that the complex has a slightly distorted square-pyramidal coordination polyhedron with an apical Cu-N (N-CH2CH2C(=NH)OCH3 group) bond. The apical Cu-N bond distance (2.269(3) A) is ca. 0.06 A longer than the apical Cu-O (N-CH2CH2CONH2 group) bond of [CuL4](ClO4)2. The pendant amide group of [CuL3](ClO4)2 is involved in coordination. The carboxylic ester group of [CuL6](ClO4)2 is also coordinated to the metal ion in various solvents but is removed from the coordination sphere in the solid state.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.565-578
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• 1992

It has been suggested that Hg$^{2+}$-promoted reaction of a series of cis-[Co(en)$_2$(L)Cl]$^{2+}$ (en = 1,2-diaminoethane) with L = NH$_3$, NH$_2$CH$_3$, glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, and NH$_2$CH$_2$CN proceeds by dissociative interchange(I$_d$) mechanism from kinetic data, circular dichroism spectra, analyses of products, and the values of m(Grunwald-Winstein plot) using Y (solvent ionizing power) in aqueous solution and in mixed aqueous-organic solvent. It has been found that chloride replacement by water (aquation) for the series with L = NH$_3$ and NH$_2$CH$_3$ and chelation of ligand L to Co(Ⅲ) for the series with L = glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, and NH$_2$CH$_2$CN occurs, respectively. The rate constants on Hg$^{2+}$-induced reaction of the series except cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$ were increased with increasing the contents of ethanol in mixed water-ethanol solvents. In mixed water-30${\%}$ organic solvents, the rate constants of the series except cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$ have also been measured in the order 30${\%}$ 2-propanol-water > 30${\%}$ ethanol-water > water. However, the rate constants of cis-[Co(en)$_2$(NH$_2$CH$_2$CN)Cl]$^{2+}$ were reversed. The rate constants of the series with L= NH$_3$ and NH$_2$CH$_3$ were related to ligand field parameter (${\Delta}$), but those of the series with L = glyOC$_2$H$_5$, glyOCH$_3$, dl-alaOC$_2$H$_5$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CONH$_2$, NH$_2$CH$_2$CN were not. The reaction between the series and Hg2+ in aqueous media containing NO$_3^-$ has been investigated. The results for the reaction do not alter the mechanism, but the rate only was altered.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.363-366
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• 2007

[ $Zn_2SiO_4:Mn$ ] green phosphors doped with $NH_4Cl$ and Al for PDP were synthesized by solid state reaction method. The luminescence of 532 nm in $Zn_2SiO_4:Mn$ phosphors was associated with $^4T_1{\to}^6A_1$ transition. Photoluminescence intensity of $Zn_2SiO_4:Mn$ doped with $NH_4Cl$ 15 mol% increased about two times as compared with that of $NH_4Cl$ non-doped sample. The color of the emission of Al-doped $Zn_2SiO_4:Mn$ phosphors changed to yellowish green.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.121-126
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of high concentration of sodium salts and chlorides in soil on the growth of tomato and the uptake of minerals. The growth inhibition rates of plant height and dry weight were different depending on salts, but they were not related to the electric conductivities (EC) and acidities (pH) in the soil solution. The orders of growth inhibition were Cl, SO$_4$, CO$_3$, PO$_4$＞NO$_3$ in the sodium salts series, and Na, K, Mg, NH$_4$＞Ca in the chlorides. The growth inhibition rates of the sodium salts series tended to be larger than those of the chloride series. Yield was lower 30%~10% in the sodium salt and chloride series than in the control. Chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were lower in the sodium salts and chloride series than in the control. Mineral concentration was lower in sodium salts and chlorides than in control. The nitrate absorption was inhibited in all salts except for NaNO$_3$ and NH$_4$Cl, and specially in NaCl and Na$_2$SO$_4$ treatments of the sodium salts and in KCl treatment of chloride series. K concentration was reduced NaCl and Na$_2$SO$_4$ treatments compared with the other salts. In the sodium salt series, calcium and magnesium concentration were decreased antagonistically when sodium concentration was increased.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 1998

As a preliminary study, effects of environmetal pollutants on propagation of freshwater microalgae, Cryptomonas ovata and feeding rate of Corbicula leana were investigated at 20${\pm}$1$^{\circ}C$, over 20 days after treatment of pollutants, glucose, complex fertilizer and NH4Cl. Number of C. ovata in control group was increased from 38${\times}$104 cell/ml to 1.910${\times}$104 cell/ml after 20 days cultivation in Sorokin-Krauss medium. Increments of cell number in experimental groups treated with glucose, complex fertilizer and NH4Cl were higher than that of control group. The higher propagation rate of C.ovata was observed when 30 mg/l of glucose treated, 120 mg/l of complex fertilizer treated, and 4 mg/l of NH4Cl treated, compared with other concentrations in each pollutant treated group. The feeding rates of large size group of C. leana which fed with a living organism, C. ovata in each experimental group were higher than small size group, and slightly reduced with the increase of pollutant concentrations. The feeding rates were not significantly different between any concentrations of the pollutant, and among experimental groups treated with glucose, complex fertilizer and NH4Cl.