• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.411-427
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• 2013

To investigate the comparison of dietary status and health behaviors according to obesity, 239 male workers were selected and classified as normal (18.5-22.9 27.2%), overweight (23-24.9, 37.7%), and obese (25-29.9, 35.2%) by body mass index ($kg/m^2$). The SAS (ver. 9.2) program was used and verified by the chi-square and f-value methods. Drinking frequency(2-3 times a week) was higher in normal males(45.3%), but not as high as in obese males (48.1%) (p<0.001). Smoking frequency and amount were the highest in overweight males, but not-quit-smoking was high in obese males(51.9%) (p<0.001). Exercise time was longer in normal males(108 minutes) than other groups(69 overweight males, and 82 obese males (p<0.01). Obese groups(73.8%) slept well (p<0.001), but overweight males(44.4%) showed less than 6 hours of sleep (p<0.01). Meal frequency differed by group(two meals a day 67.7% in normal males (p<0.001), no-snack 65.5% in obese males(p<0.001). The frequency of eating-out was once a day in normal males (38.5%), differed in the eating-out time (lunch(45.8%) in normal males, dinner in overweight males(52.1%) and obese males(59.5%) (p<0.01). Korean food (49.3%) was selected, but noodle differed by group(10.2% normal 21.5% obese (p<0.01). Self-perception of body differed from the body's actual condition(p<0.001). For weight control, exercise(56.4%) was practiced more than diet(18.6%). Nutrition knowledge was poor (correct answer rate was 36.7% in normal males, 41.7% in overweight males, and 46.7% in obese males). For eating attitudes, obese males answered more in "flexible to change eating habits", "supplemented when poor eating"(p<0.001), normal responded in "impact on nutrition to health", "try new food for health"(p<0.01). From these results, it is evident that male workers, especially overweight ones, must work to learn more about health and nutrition so as to combat chronic diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 1998

The strain A49, which produces a new type of extracellular polysaccharide was isolated from soil samples. From morphological, physiological and biochemical tests, the strain A49 was identified as a Bacillus polymyxa and named Bacillus polymyxa A49. Bacillus polymyxa A49 was found to produce a highly viscous extracellular polysaccharide when grown aerobically in a medium containing glucose as the sole source of carbon. The polysaccharide (A49 POL) showed a homogeneous pattern on gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 1.6 mega dalton (mDa). The FT-IR spectrum of A49-POL revealed typical characteristics of polysaccharides. As a result of investigations with HPLC and carbozole assay, A49-POL was found to consist of L-fucose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-glucuronic acid, with the molar ratio of these sugars being approximately 1:2:7:50:12. Rheological analysis of A49 POL revealed that it is pseudoplastic and has a higher apparent viscosity at dilute concentrations than does xanthan gum. The consistancy factor of A49 POL was found to be higher, and the flow index of A49 POL lower, than xanthan gum. Its apparent viscosity was comparatively unstable at various temperatures. the A49 POL showed the highest apparent viscosity at pH 3. When salts were added to A49 POL solution, the solution was compatible with up to 10% KCl, 35% NaCl, 55% $CaCl_2$, 55% $MgCl_2$, 55% $K_2HPO_4$, and 110% $Ca({NO_3})_2$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2016

This study was performed to examine the quality characteristics of the sponge cakes with different contents (2-10% (w/w)) of lemon grass powder (LGP). An increase in LGP content in the cake led to a significant increase in the specific gravity of batter, baking loss rate, redness, hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of the cakes and a significant decrease in pH, moisture content, specific volume, height, volume and symmetry index, lightness, and yellowness of the cakes. Springness and resilience did not show any difference between the cakes. The consumer acceptance test indicated that the addition of LGP up to 2% did not cause a significant negative effect on the consumer acceptances in all attributes. The sponge cakes with 2% LGP can be recommended for manufacturing bakery.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.1158-1161
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• 2004

This study chiefly aims to ascertain the effect of birth weight and litter size on productive performance in rabbits. After delivery kits were removed from their mothers for individual weighing and randomly assigned to one of the following three experimental treatments: Group (KT 6) with six tiny kits (about 45 g) per litter (21 litters); Group (KT 8) with eight tiny kits (about 45 g) per litter (17 litters); Group (KN8) with eight normal kits (about 70 g) per litter (20 litters). The litters, separated from their mothers by putting them in a closed cage, suckled one time a day for 15 minutes. Daily milk production was measured by weighing the does immediately before and after suckling; body weight of kits was measured on a weekly basis. At weaning 60 rabbits per group were raised for six weeks to ascertain post-weaning performance and health. Compared with the two other groups, the kits of group KT8 ingested smaller quantities of milk both during the first 3 weeks (497.7 vs. 520.0 vs. 544.3 g, respectively for groups KT8, KN8, KT6) and the following period (261.3 vs. 285.0 vs. 302.7 g, respectively for KT8, KN8, KT6). The differences between groups KT8 and KT6 were statistically significant (p<0.01) in the first period while in the second period also KN8 group showed milk intake different in respect of KT8 (p<0.01) and KT6 (p<0.05) groups. Solid feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) lower in group KT6 (23.1 vs. 26.2 vs. 26.8 g/d, respectively for groups KT6, KN8, KT8). At weaning the kits of group KN8 always weighed more (966 vs. 894 vs. 888 g; p<0.01, respectively for groups KN8, KT6, KT8). After weaning, no parameter considered (daily weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality and risk sanitary index) was affected by birth weight and litter size.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.312-320
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• 1996

This study was to investigate the changes of phytotoxicity of food waste during composting at an aerated static pile for 80 days. The concentration of sodium in the final compost increased by more than 30% and almost of the sodium was a water soluble type which corresponds to about 94% of the total concentration. Major volatile fatty acid(VFA) produced during the composting was acetic acid and also somewhat of butyric acid. High concentration of acetic acid during the composting was kept up for a month and then decreased progressively. It suggests that the phytotoxicity by the VFAs produced during composting of food waste could be removed through a stabilization process in a period of about 40 days. From the statistical analysis between germination index(G.I.) and VFAs. or G.I. and sodium, the phytotoxicity of food waste samples was more dependent in the changes of acetic acid concentration than that of sodium concentration. Considering low G.I. value in the final food waste compost which is matured completely, however. the agricultural utilization of the food waste compost may be to have a big problem due to excess sodium of the compost which is impossible to remove by composting and seriously inhibits growth of plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.442-449
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• 2014

This study was carried out to measure the seasonal changes in community structure and species composition of marobenthos on the subtidal area of Saemangeum regions. The macrobenthos comprised 64 species were during this study, predominately annelids (53.0%), arthropods (18.8%), mollusks (18.8%) and 9.4% were from other species. Total abundance was 24,885 individuals, comprising 19,805 individuals of annelids (79.6%), 4,620 individuals of mollusks (18.5%), 295 individuals of other species (1.2%), and 165 individuals of arthropods (0.7%). After analyzing the bray-curtis similarity, had two large groups (A, B) the inside and outside of Saemangeum dike. They all matched the nMDS analysis. I evaluated the benthic community health using BPI (Benthic pollution Index). There are no significant differences between the station position and the inside or outside of Saemangeum dike. But, highest BPI level was in March.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2004

In the present study, the protective effects of Artemisia capillaris (AC) on the DNA damage induced by $^{60}$ Co ${\gamma}$-rays were evaluated using alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE, comet assay) in the mouse peripheral lymphocytes and micronuclei (MN) formation test in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We also investigated the effect of AC on 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) formation in the mouse liver and thymus exposed to ${\gamma}$-ray, The tail moment and the frequency of MN, which were markers of DNA damage in the SCGE and MN formation test, were decreased in the groups treated with AC extract before exposure to 200 cGy of ${\gamma}$-ray. We also observed its activities, lowering 8-OHdG level, an index of oxidative DNA damage, in the groups treated with AC extract before whole body ${\gamma}$-irradiation (800 cGy). It is plausible that scavenging of free radicals by AC may have played an important role in providing the protection against the radiation-induced damage to the DNA. These results indicated that AC protects the DNA damage induced by ${\gamma}$-rays and might be a useful radioprotector, especially since it is a relatively nontoxic product.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.81-114
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Jeseupwiryeongtang-gagam(JWTG) on atopic dermatitis by in vivo experiment using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to the atopic dermatitis of human. Methods : To investigate the effect of JWTG on AD, we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs), splenocytes, draining lymph node(DLN) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis-like skin NC/Nga mouse in vivo. Results and Conclusions : In vivo, clinical skin severity score were significantly lower in JWTG group than control group. IgE, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels in serum were decreased remarkably in JWTG group than control group and $IFN-{\gamma}$ production, secreted in Th1 cell were increased by JWTG. After experiment ended, we analyzed immunological cells ($CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD3^+$$CD69^+$, $CD4^+$$CD25^+$ and $CD49b^+$) by flow cytometry. It resulted that total absolute number of $CD3^+$, $CD19^+$, $CD4^+$ and $CD8^+$ cells were recovered as normal and $CD3^+$$CD69^+$ were decreased significantly compared with control group in isolated DLN and PBMCs from NC/Nga mouse and total absolute number of $Gr-1^+$, $CD11b^+$ and $CD3^+$ in dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse were decreased by JWTG. We analyzed ear, DLN, and neck-back skin after biopsy and dyeing by hematoxyline/eosin(H&E) and toluidine staining (mast cells marker) and obtained results that JWTG were effective to histological symptoms (dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell infiltration). Ear thickness was decreased significantly than the control group and the size of inflammatory lymphocytes cells(ILC) and plasma cells(PC) in DLN were also decreased.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.183-193
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• 1997

The status of health behaviors was surveyed in the random sample of 824 farmers (men 318, women 506) aged 40 years and older in Ulju-Gun, Kyungsangnam-Do. The data were collected by personal interview using structured questionnaire. The prevalence of individual health practices by sex(men/women) was 44.4%/45.0% in sleeping 7 or 8 hours; 92.7%/89.9% in eating breakfast almost every day; 82.7%/83.8% in eating between meals rarely or once in a while; 40.6%/88.1% in no drinking; 37.4%/86.6% in no smoking; 4.7%/5.6% in doing physical exercise regularly; 89.0%/80.0% in maintaining desirable weight for height (body mass index<25kg/$m^2$); 3.9%/23.2% in doing these health practices six or more The level of practicing health behaviors and perceiving their own health status was lower than the data from the residents in Pusan City. Therefore it could be expected to improve the health status of the residents in rural are through the effort to make them taking more interest in practicing health behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.5646-5657
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• 2013

In this study, to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of mulberry leaf tea and its fermented product by Monascus pilosus, we investigated body and organ weight, blood and liver biomarkers in mice fed 1% tea infusions instead of water for 8 weeks. Mice were divided into three groups such as a normal control (NC), unfermented mulberry leaf tea infusion (UMI) and fermented mulberry leaf tea infusion (FMI). Although it is not significant, tea infusion groups showed reduction of body weight gains compared with NC group. Moreover, contents of LDL-cholesterol and lipid peroxide (LPO), altherogenic index, and xanthin oxidase (XO) activity were significantly decreased, and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was significantly elevated. The results from this study suggested that UMI and FMI may have an anti-obesity activity, upregulate antioxidant enzymes and reduce levels of oxidants related to liver damage.