• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2015

This study was conducted to simultaneous analysis methods for water soluble vitamins B group (vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vitamin $B_6$) which is used as health functional foods etc. Analytical methods of water-soluble vitamins B group by HPLC were established through instrumental analytical conditions, and the examination of data such as domestic and foreign reliable methods, and papers of journal. HPLC method analyzing water soluble vitamins B group was established using Capcell Pak C18 UG 120 column in 270 nm through test of columns. The validation has been performed on the method to determine linearity, accuracy, limits of quantification (LOQ) and repeatability for water soluble vitamins B group. An excellent linearity ($r^2=0.999$) was observed for vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, vitamin $B_6$ in the concentration range ($0.1{\sim}2{\mu}g/mL$). Observed recovery of vitamin $B_1$ was found to be between 100 and 103%, vitamin $B^2$ was found to be between 104 and 112%, nicotinic acid was found to be between 82 and 85%, nicotinamide was found to be between 121 and 124% and vitamin $B_6$ was found to be between 95 and 104%. LOQ of vitamin $B_1$ was found to be $0.04{\mu}g/mL$, vitamin $B_2$ was found to be $0.05{\mu}g/mL$, nicotinic acid was found to be $0.15{\mu}g/mL$, nicotinamide was found to be $0.08{\mu}g/mL$ and vitamin $B_6$ was found to be $0.63{\mu}g/mL$. Repeatability precision for vitamin $B_1$ was found to be 0.4%, vitamin $B_2$ was found to be 0.4%, nicotinic acid was found to be 0.5%, nicotinamide was found to be 0.7% and vitamin $B_6$ was found to be 0.4% relative standard deviation (RSD). Also, verify the accuracy of the simultaneous analysis methods, we monitored the labeled contents of the health functional foods and children's preferred foods.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.450-455
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• 2003

Synthesis of (lR,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-1-hydroxyethyl] -2-[(3S,5S)-5-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-moxy(hydroxy)iminoethyl)pyrrolidine-3-ylthio]-1-methylcarbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acids (10a,l0b) were described. Methyl(2S,4S)-4-tritylthio-1-(allyloxycarbonyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxyla late (I) was prepared from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline with (2S,4R)-abs olute configuration as starting material. (2S,4S)-1-allyloxycarbonyl-2-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-hydroxy(methoxy )iminoethyl)-4-mercapto- pyrrolidines (6,7) were obtained from the tritylthio compound (I). (lR,5S,6S)-6-[(lR)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-[(3S,5S)-5-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-1-methoxy(hydroxy)imino-ethyl)pyrrolidine-3-ylthio]-1-methylcarbapem-2-em-3-carboxylic acids (10a,10b) were obtained by the coupling reaction with carbapenem diphenylphosphates (8) and pyrrolidine-thiol moiety (6,7). Their in vitro antibacterial activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative were tested. Compounds ( 10a,10b) showed potent antibacterial activity except pseudomonas aerusinosa.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 2014

The quality and antioxidative characteristics of drinks prepared with different mixing ratios of black garlic and Oenanthe javanica DC., BD-1 (black garlic only), BD-2 (black garlic:Oenanthe javanica DC.=2:1), BD-3 (black garlic:Oenanthe javanica DC.=1:1), and BD-4 (black garlic:Oenanthe javanica DC.=1:2), were studied. The pH increased with the increasing concentration of Oenanthe javanica DC. extract in all the tested drinks, but the sugar contents decreased. The total polyphenol contents of the drinks were 28.48 ${\mu}g/mL$ (BD-1), 41.91 ${\mu}g/mL$ (BD-2), 42.36 ${\mu}g/mL$ (BD-3), and 46.96 ${\mu}g/mL$ (BD-4). The SOD-like activity was highest for BD-4 (18.60%), followed by BD-3 (15.53%), BD-2 (12.53%), and BD-1 (10.27%). The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was highest for BD-4 (52.51%), followed by BD-3 (45.70%), BD-2 (39.44%), and BD-1 (28.72%). The ferrous ion chelating activity increased with the increasing concentration of Oenanthe javanica DC extract, and BD-4 showed the best activities among all the tested drinks. The water-soluble vitamin content (vitamins B1, B2, B6, and C) of BD-4 (1197.77 ${\mu}g/mL$) was higher than those of the other drinks (BD-1, 213.02 ${\mu}g/mL$; BD-2, 477.87 ${\mu}g/mL$; BD-3, 914.72 ${\mu}g/mL$), and the vitamin C (806.21 ${\mu}g/mL$) content of the water-soluble vitamins at BD-4 was higher than those of vitamins B1 (68.04 ${\mu}g/mL$), B2 (312.51 ${\mu}g/mL$), and B6 (11.01 ${\mu}g/mL$). BD-4 showed the best score in the sensory evaluations, such as in the evaluation of the color, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2006

This study was performed to investigate the changes of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin $B_l$ and vitamin $B_2$ contents in cow's raw milk collected from dairy farms in Chungcheong-do and Jeolla-do for a year. The contents of fat soluble vitamin A and E were changed as seasonal effect, but water soluble vitamin $B_l$ and $B_2$ contents were not changed as seasonal effect. Vitamin A content in cow's raw milk was as follows [minimum ${\sim}$maximum (mean), ug/100 mL]; $35.1{\sim}59.0$ (44.4) in spring, $36.7{\sim}65.6$ (50.0) in summer, $28.7{\sim}61.2$ (46.8) in autumn and $29.9{\sim}57.8$ (43.1) in winter. In case of vitamin E was as follows [minimum${\sim}$maximum (mean), ug/100 mL]; $28.3{\sim}59.2$ (45.8) in spring, $39.6{\sim}69.9$ (58.8) in summer, $35.0{\sim}62.8$ (46.2) in autumn and $26.0{\sim}55.4$ (41.5) in winter. In case of vitamin $B_l$ was as follow [minimum${\sim}$maximum (mean), ug/100 mL]; $27.7{\sim}57.9$ (42.84) in spring, $32.4{\sim}66.1$ (49.39) in summer, $34.1{\sim}63.7$ (46.69) in autumn and $20.6{\sim}61.4$ (43.20 in winter. The amounts of vitamin $B_2$ in cow's raw milk was as follows [minimum${\sim}$maximum (mean), ug/100 mL]; $150{\sim}182$ (160 in spring, $145{\sim}185$ (163) in summer, $149{\sim}180$ (166) in autumn and $148{\sim}190$ (167) in winter.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.209-215
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• 2010

This study is an endeavor to evaluate the risk assessment of hazardous(aflatoxin $B_1$) in medicines from oriental medical prescription which are circulated much recently. For that, twelve globular and granule types, seven liquid types of herbal medicine were bought to compare and analyze the content of aflatoxin aflatoxin B_1), which are harmful to human body. Woo Hwang Cheong Sim Hwan of Aflatoxin $B_1$ concentration lower than the standard accepted by all the products have been detected, B company(tradition) is the concentration of $1.24\;{\mu}g/kg$, C company $1.04\;{\mu}g/kg$, A company(tradition) and B company did not detect. And the general pill of aflatoxin B1 concentration lower than the standard accepted by all the products have been detected, S-1 is the concentration of $1.8\;{\mu}g/kg$, S-2 of $1.04\;{\mu}g/kg$, S-3 of $0.88\;{\mu}g/kg$, S-4 of $9.32\l\;{\mu}g/kg$, S-6 of $7.8\;{\mu}g/kg$, S-5 did not detect. All the products eundan allowed in the concentration of aflatoxin $B_1$ levels were lower than detection, D company of $0.96\;{\mu}g/kg$, E company concentration was not detected. The liquid product of aflatoxin $B_1$ concentration was found liwer than the standard accepted by all the product, L-3 concentration of $0.8\;{\mu}g/kg$, K-4 was detected in the $1.16\;{\mu}g/kg$, L-1 and L-2 is not detected, L-5 concentration of $15\;{\mu}g/kg$, L-7 is detected as $1.08\;{\mu}g/kg$ and, L-6 was not detected.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 2010

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signaling, has served as a potential drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The MeOH extracts of twenty-nine medicinal plants, traditionally used in Vietnam as anti-diabetes agents, were investigated for PTP1B inhibitory activity in vitro. The results indicated that, most materials showed moderate to strong inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from $3.4\;{\mu}g/mL$ to $35.1\;{\mu}g/mL$; meanwhile, eleven extracts (37.9%) could demonstrate PTP1B activity with $IC_{50}$ values less than $15.5\;{\mu}g/mL$; sixteen extracts (55.2%) could demonstrate PTP1B activity with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from $15.5\;{\mu}g/mL$ to $35.1\;{\mu}g/mL$. The study may provide a proof, at least in a part, for the ethno-medical use in diabetes disease of these plants.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.527-537
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• 1997

This study was performed to determine the effects of antimutagenicity of Porturaca oleracea L. in Korea. In Ames test, the ethanol extract of Poturaca oleracea L. inhibited mutagenic activity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG), , 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO), benzo($\alpha$)pyrene (B($\alpha$)P) and 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-(4,3-b)indole (Trp-P-1) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. But hot-water extract Poturaca oleracea L. only Inhibited mutagenic activity of MNNG in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, On 4NQO, the ethanol extract 100-1,600$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of Porturaca oleracea L. showed a slight inhibitory effect of 13-48%, 4-47% in TA98 and TA100, respectively, but on MNNG, it showed higher inhibitory effect of 6-86% in TA100, And the treatment of 1,600$\mu\textrm{g}$/plate of ethanol extract of Porturacea L. had strong antimutagenicity with 74-87% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by B(a)P and with 85-93% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by Trp-P-1. The ethanol extract was fractionated with ether. chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water. Among them, most of the fraction except water fraction showed strong antimutagenicity effects against mutation induced by 4-NQO, MNNG, B(a)P and Trp-P-1. Chloroform fraction had strong antimutagenicity with 91% inhibition against TA100 induced by MNNG, diethyl etherfraction had strong antimutagenicity with 92%, 98% inhibition against TA98 and TA100 induced by 4NQO, Chloroform fraction had strong antimutagenicity with 97% inhibition against TA100 induced by B (a)P and diethyl etherfraction had strong antimutagenicity with 98% inhibition against both strain Induced by Trp-P-1, respectively.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

As a part of our study on the improvement of anticonvulsant, here we report the synthesis of N-acyl-$\alpha$-aminosuc-cinimides 1 and N-acyl-$\alpha$-aminoglutarimides 2. (R)-Benzoic acid 4-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-ylester 6a, (R)-4-nifro-benzoic acid 4-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2- oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester 6b, (R) -4-nitro-benzoic acid 4-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester 6c, and (R)-propionic acid 4-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-oxo-pyrrolidin-1-yl ester 6d were synthesized from (R)-2-benzyloxy carbonylamino-succinic acid 3 as a starting meterial. (R)-(3- Benzyloxycarbonylamino-2,6-dioxo-piperidin-1-yloxy)-acetic acid methyl ester 10a, (R)-(3-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2,6-dioxo-piperidin-1-yloxy)-acetic acid ethy1 ester 10b, an d (R)-2-(3-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2,6- diox o-piperidin-1-yl oxy)-propionic acid methyl ester l0c were synthesized from (R)- 3-carbobenzyloxy-amino-glutarmic acid 7 as a starting meterial. The yield, mp, IR, $^1H-NMR,\; and^{13}C$- NMR spectra of the products 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 10a, l0b, l0c are summarized in footnote. The biological studies of these compounds are in progress and will be reported in future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to provide a reference range for plasma homocysteine and to explore the relation between plasma homocysteine and nutritional indexes in a Korean college women. Thirty women were selected from college students in Seoul area With mean age of 22.4y. Dietary intakes of Vitamins B$_{6}$, B$_{12}$, folate were estimated from a 3 day food diary method and plasma homocysteine concentration was mearsured as well as the levels of blood vitamins. The results obtained are as follows. Mean daily intake of energy, vitamin B$_{6}$, B$_{12}$, and folate were 1731.9kcal, 0.9mg, 2.2mg and 139.8$\mu\textrm{g}$ respectively. Mean plasma homocysteine concentration was 12.4$\mu$mol/l with a range between 6.7 and 17.8$\mu$mol/l and the mean concentrations of plasma vitamin B$_{6}$(PLP), serum vitamin $_{12}$, Serum folate and RBC folate were 77.5nmol/l, 267.4pmol/l, 17.1 nmol/l and 736.5nmol/l arid 736.5nmol/l respectively. we found a negative correlation between plasma homocysteine concentration and dietary vitamins, and blood levels of vitamin although it was not significant.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 2012

This research was designed to determine what components of Gardenia jasminoides play a major role in inhibiting the enzymes related antidepressant activity of this plant. In our previous research, the ethyl acetate fraction of G. jasminosides fruits inhibited the activities of both monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B), and oral administration of the ethanolic extract slightly increased serotonin concentrations in the brain tissues of rats and decreased MAO-B activity. In addition, we found through in vitro screening test that the ethyl acetate fraction showed modest inhibitory activity on dopamine-${\beta}$ hydroxylase (DBH). The bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of five bio-active compounds, protocatechuic acid (1), geniposide (2), 6'-O-trans-p-coumaroylgeniposide (3), 3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) heptanes (4), and ursolic acid (5), from the ethyl acetate fraction of G. jasminoides fruits. The isolated compounds showed different inhibitory potentials against MAO-A, -B, and DBH. Protocatechuic acid showed potent inhibition against MAO-B ($IC_{50}$ $300{\mu}mol/L$) and DBH ($334{\mu}mol/L$), exhibiting weak MAO-A inhibition (2.41 mmol/L). Two iridoid glycosides, geniposide ($223{\mu}mol/L$) and 6'-O-trans-p-coumaroylgeniposide ($127{\mu}mol/L$), were selective MAO-B inhibitor. Especially, 6'-O-trans-p-coumaroylgeniposide exhibited more selective MAO-B inhibition than deprenyl, well-known MAO-B inhibitor for the treatment of early-stage Parkinson's disease. The inhibitory activity of 3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) heptane was strong for MAO-B ($196{\mu}mol/L$), modest for MAO-A ($400{\mu}mol/L$), and weak for DBH ($941{\mu}mol/L$). Ursolic acid exhibited significant inhibition of DBH ($214{\mu}mol/L$), weak inhibition of MAO-B ($780{\mu}mol/L$), and no inhibition against MAO-A. Consequently, G. jasminoides fruits are considerable for development of biofunctional food materials for the combination treatment of depression and neurodegenerative disorders.