• 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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• pp.103-104
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• 2003

어류의 양식생산 과정중에는 사육중인 어류에게 스트레스로 작용할 수 있는 여러 가지 요인들이 있다. 그 중에서도 생산된 종묘의 양식장 운송, 수확한 어류의 소비지 운반 등은 양식과정중 피할 수 없는 작업이다. 어류의 수송 후에는 혈장 corticosteroid, glucose, 전해질, 삼투질 농도, 적혈구수, hematocrit, hemoglobin 등이 변화하는 것으로 알려지고 있다(Chang et al. 2001; Hur et al., 2002, 2003). 스트레스 요인별 연구로는 염분, 수온, 밀도 및 마취제에 관한 것 등이며, 아울러 이들의 복합적인 요인에 대하여 스트레스 반응을 최소화시키려는 연구가 진행되고 있다. 어류종묘의 수송이나 수확된 어류가 대량으로 수송되고 있으므로, 넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus)와 같은 대량수송 어류의 수송에 따른 스트레스 반응에 대한 연구의 필요성이 제기된다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 넙치를 사용하여 염분, 수온 및 마취제에 의한 수송이 스트레스 지표로 알려져 있는 혈액학적 요인, cortisol, glucose, lactic acid 및 삼투질 농도 둥에 나타나는 생리학적 반응을 조사하여, 활어수송 과정에서 나타나는 스트레스 반응에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 실험어는 21.2 cm, 97.4 g인 양식 넙치를 사용하여, 수온은 20℃ (natural water temperature, NWT)와 15℃ (cooling water temperature, CWT), 염분은 해수(35‰)와 15‰해수, 마취제(anesthesia, Anes., MS-222)는 50 ppm의 조건으로 혼합한 실험구를 설정하였다. 실험구는 각각 NWT＋35‰, CWT＋35‰, NWT＋15‰, NWT＋15‰, NWT＋35‰＋Anes., CWT+35‰＋Anes., NWT＋15‰+Anes. 및 CWT+15‰＋Anes.의 8개 실험구를 2반복으로 설정하여 경북울진∼부산까지 약 400 km (6시간)를 차량수송하였다. 수송용기는 스티로폼상자(66×42×20 cnn)로서, 여기에 해수 3 L와 액화산소를 넣은 비닐봉지에 넙치 8마리씩 수용하여 수송하였다. 혈액의 성상 및 분석항목은 수송전ㆍ후에 채혈하여 비교하였다. 수송전 hematocrit는 22.2±3.8%에서 수송후 NWT＋35‰에서 15.3＋3.9%, CWT＋35‰은 16.7±3.0%, NWT+15‰구에서는 19.2±1.8%로 낮아졌으며, CWT+15‰구는 20.9±3.6%로 수송전과 차이가 없었다. 한편 NWT＋15‰＋Anes.구는 17.8±0.9%, CWT＋15‰＋Anes.구는 14.5±1.5%로 낮아졌다. Cortisol은 수송전 2.4±0.1 ng/ml로부터 CWT＋35‰구는 16.7±12.8 ng/ml, NWT＋35‰구는 47.9＋19.8 ng/ml, NWT＋15‰구는 43.5±13.9 ng/ml, CWT＋15‰구는 26.1±8.3 ng/ml, NWT＋15‰+Anes.구는 61.7±3.3 ng/ml, CWT+15‰+Anes.구는 86.1±19.0 ng/ml로 높아졌다. Glucose는 수송전 74.2±32.6 mg/dl로부터 NWT＋35‰구는 197.9±27.5 mg/dl, CWT＋35‰구도 272.1±29.9 mg/dl로 유의하게 높아졌다. Na/sup +/의 수송전 농도는 163.5±0.6 mEq/L로부터 NWT＋35‰구와 CWT＋35‰구는 각각 175.3±1.2 mEq/L, 190.0±5.0 mEq/L로 높아졌으며, 다른 실험구에서는 차이가 없었다. 본 연구 결과, cortisol과 glucose에서 수송전보다는 모든 실험구에서 높게 나타나 수온, 염분 및 마취제를 사용하여도 스트레스를 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히, cortisol의 경우, 수온과 염분만을 혼합한 실험구보다 마취제를 혼합한 실험구에서 높게 나타났다. 다른 혈액학적 항목에서는 염분과 마취제를 사용하지 않았던 실험구인 NWT＋35‰구와 CWT＋35‰구에서 다른 실험구에 비하여 glucose, Na/sup +/ 및 Cl/sup -/ 등에서는 높게 나타나는 경향을 보였다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.472-483
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• 2020

Purpose: Sodium is an essential nutritional electrolyte that affects growth. A low serum sodium concentration in healthy premature infants beyond 2 weeks of life is called late-onset hyponatremia (LOH). Here, we investigated the association between LOH severity and growth outcomes in premature infants. Methods: Medical records of premature infants born at ≤32 weeks of gestation were reviewed. LOH was defined as a serum sodium level <135 mEq/L regardless of sodium replacement after 14 days of life. Cases were divided into two groups, <130 mEq/L (severe) and ≥130 mEq/L (mild). Characteristics and growth parameters were compared between the two groups. Results: A total of 102 premature infants with LOH were included. Gestational age ([GA] 27.7 vs. 29.5 weeks, p<0.001) and birth weight (1.04 vs. 1.34 kg, p<0.001) were significantly lower in the severe group. GA was a risk factor of severe LOH (odds ratio [OR], 1.328, p=0.022), and severe LOH affected the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR, 2.950, p=0.039) and led to a poor developmental outcome (OR, 9.339, p=0.049). Growth parameters at birth were lower in the severe group, and a lower GA and sepsis negatively affected changes in growth for 3 years after adjustment for time. However, severe LOH was not related to growth changes in premature infants. Conclusion: Severe LOH influenced the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and developmental outcomes. However, LOH severity did not affect the growth of premature infants beyond the neonatal period.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2000

Hemodialysis(HD)-associated hypotension is a frequent complication, but it is difficult to manage. Until now, several maneuvers have been tried to prevent the HD-associated hypotension. Of these, the sodium content of dialysate was regarded as an important factor for maintaining blood pressure during HD. In this study, we evaluated the effect of hypertonic dialysate on blood pressure, interdialytic weight gain and the incidence of thirst. The study was done for 6 weeks successively with 3 different groups. Each patient was dialysed with 3 different dialysates for 2 weeks: Group I(Conventional HD: sodium concentration: 137 mEq/L), Group II(Hypertonic HD: 147 mEq/L) and Group III (Sequential HD: from 147 to 140 mEq/L). Hemodynamic parameters(blood pressure, pulse rate and ultrafiltration rate), biochemical parameters(hematocrits, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, osmolality, sodium, potassium, chloride, fasting blood sugar) and complications (interdialytic weight gain & thirsty sensation) were compared among 3 groups. The results were as follows: 1. Decline of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure at the time of a 3 hour check during hemodialysis was lower in the Group II than Group I and III (p=0.002; p=0.012). and decline of diastolic blood pressure at the time of a 4 hour check during hemodialysis was lower in the Group II and III than Group I (p=0.04). 2. Incidence of hypotensive episodes during dialysis was significantly lower in Group II than group I (p=0.0287). 3. The ultrafiltration in Group III at the time of 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour check during hemodialysis was higher than that in Group I and II at the time of 1 hour, 2 hour and 3 hour check during hemodialysis respectively (p=0.0001; p=0.0001; p=0.0004). 4. Interdialytic weight gain was higher in Group I($3.1{\pm}0.8$) than Group I($2.8{\pm}0.8$) and III ($2.9{\pm}0.9$) (p=0.0422). 5. Hematologic and biochemical results were not significantly different among 3 Groups. 6. Frequency of thirst was different in Group I, II and III, $0.05{\pm}0.12$, $0.41{\pm}0.24$and $0.22{\pm}0.29$ respectively (p=0.0259). The results suggest that hypertonic HD was effective in preventing HD-associated hypotension but interdialytic weight gain and thirst sensations were increased as compared with a conventional method. In this situation, sequential HD seems to be an alternative method to minimizes the side effect of hypertonic HD.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.115-132
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• 1969

The normal physiological values of Korean mongrel dogs were studied, comparing them with foreign references, on the basis of control physiological data measured on 110 cases out of the dogs submitted to the experiments in our department. The hemodynamic measurements varied widely between the both limits of reported normal control data, with the mean value of heart rate $140.4{\pm}26.6$/min., and both the systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures $137.2{\pm}31.7$mmHg and $104.7{\pm}14.4$ mmHg, as well as the venous pressure of $9.11{\pm}2.18$ cm.$H_2O$. Hematologically, the number of red blood cells $4,571,000{\pm}767,000$per cu.mm., the amount of hemoglobin $11.57{\pm}3.74$ gm/dl and the hematocrit $37.3{\pm}7.2$ per cent, were equally the values a little lower than the reported normal means. However, the white blood cells were within the reported normal limits both in number, $10,384{\pm}4,877$ per cu. mm and their differential counts with slightly broader ranges of variation. The platelet count was $149,800{\pm}47,000 $per cu. mm and was also far below the normal, while the coagulation time $9.03{\pm}2.69$min. and the prothrombin time $13.17{\pm}6.52$sec were within normal limits, though a little prolonged. The serum electrolytes, Na $146.6{\pm}10.44$mEq/L.,K $4.46{\pm}0.84$mEq/L., CI $118.3{\pm}7.88$mEq/L. and Ca $11.45{\pm}5.62$mg./dl, and the blood glucose level of $94.9{\pm}31.79$mg./dl were essentially not different from the reported normal values. The serum proteins, total protein $7.15{\pm}1.41$gm/dl., albumin $4.09{\pm}0.77$gm./dl. and globulin $3.18{\pm}0.88$gm/dl. were included near the higher limits of the reported normal levels. The thymol turbidity 0.1-3.04 units were normal in 10 cases, and the cephaline flocculation was within normal range except 2 cases out of 26 dogs, showing two positive in 24 hours. And the nitrogen series, NPN $34.61{\pm}10.29$mg/dl. and BUN $12.77{\pm}6.37$mg./dl. were normal. It may be concluded that from the point of view of hereby measured physiological data compared with the foreign references, the Korean mongrel dogs have a compatible laboratory data with only the special regards to their tendency toward anemia in red blood cell series.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2012

발아기간에 따른 발아 벼 추출물의 항산화성분, 항산화활성 및 암세포주 성장억제효과를 살펴보았다. 발아는 0, 2, 4, 6 및 8일 동안 진행하였으며, 발아 후 70% 에탄올로 추출물을 제조하였다. 발아가 진행됨에 따라 항산화성분 및 항산화활성은 2~4일까지는 증가하였다가 그 이후에는 감소하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 발아 4일차에서 4.05 mg/g으로 가장 높았으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 0, 2, 4, 6 및 8일차 각각 29.25, 34.82, 31.17, 26.27 및 18.51%로 발아 2일차에 가장 높았으며, 총 항산화력은 발아기간별로 각각 3.05, 3.17, 3.84, 2.43 및 2.167 mg AA eq/100 g으로 발아 4일차에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 환원력 또한 발아 4일차에 1.25로 가장 높게 나타났다. 암세포주 성장억제효과는 위암세포주(AGS) 보다 대장암세포주(HCT-116)에서 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 생리활성 증가를 위해서 벼를 발아시킬 경우3~4일이 적당한 것으로 판단되며, 추후 새로운 물질의 생성과 생리활성 성분들에 대한 연구가 더 진행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1970

The changes in the red cell volume and the plasma chloride level were measured when the blood $CO_2$ content was altered by equilibration with the atmospheric air or pure $CO_2$ for 20 minutes. The red cell volume was expressed in terms of hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (M.C.V.). The results obtained were as follows. 1) On equilibration with the atmospheric air, the MCV and the plasma chloride level were $91.6{\pm}1.26\;c.{\mu}$ and $110.7{\pm}6.28mEq/L.$ respectively. 2) On equilibration with pure $CO_{2}$, the MCV and the plasma chloride level were $109.6{\pm}2.0\;c.{\mu}$ and $90.7{\pm}5.17\;mEq/L.$ respectively. 3) When the blood was subjected to equilibration with the atmospheric for air 20 minutes after equilibration with pure $CO_{2}$ for the same period of time the MCV and the plasma chloride level were $89.9{\pm}6.34\;c.{\mu}$ and $100.3{\pm}5.50\;mEq/L.$ respectively. From the above results it can be concluded that an increase of the blood $CO_2$ content in the experimental condition causes definitely a decrease of the plasma chloride level and a concomitant increase of the red cell volume, and that a decrease of the blood content $CO_2$ in the experimental condition causes definitely an increase of the plasma chloride level and a concomitant decrease of the red cell volme. Apparantly there exists a parallel relationship between the extent of the decrease of the plasma chloride level and that of the increase of the red cell volume when the blood $CO_2$ content increased in the experimental condition. When the blood $CO_2$ content decreased, the extent of the decrease of the red cell volume exceeds that of the increase of the plasma chloride level.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제86권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2023

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate whether alcohol consumption might affect the quality of life (QOL), depressive mood, and metabolic syndrome in patients with obstructive lung disease (OLD). Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 and 2016. OLD was defined as spirometry of forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity <0.7 in those aged more than 40 years. QOL was evaluated using the European Quality of Life Questionnaire-5D (EQ-5D) index. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess the severity of depressive mood. Alcohol consumption was based on a history of alcohol ingestion during the previous month. Results: A total of 984 participants with OLD (695 males, 289 females, age 65.8±9.7 years) were enrolled. The EQ-5D index was significantly higher in alcohol drinkers (n=525) than in non-alcohol drinkers (n=459) (0.94±0.11 vs. 0.91±0.13, p=0.002). PHQ9 scores were considerably lower in alcohol drinkers than in non-alcohol drinkers (2.15±3.57 vs. 2.78±4.13, p=0.013). However, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that alcohol consumption was not associated with EQ-5D index or PHQ-9 score. Body mass index ≥25 kg/m², triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein <40 mg/dL in men and <50 mg/dL in women, and blood pressure ≥130/85 mm Hg were significantly more common in alcohol drinkers than in non-alcohol drinkers (all p<0.05). Conclusion: Alcohol consumption did not change the QOL or depressive mood of OLD patients. However, metabolic syndrome-related factors were more common in alcohol drinkers than in non-alcohol drinkers.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.345-356
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of physical therapy combined with a virtual reality (VR) game on pain, quality of life (QOL), engagement, and knee function in post-knee-surgery patients. Methods: Twenty-four patients who had undergone knee surgery four weeks or more before the study were recruited. Two withdrew from the study during the four-week experimental period, and a total of 22 patients were included in the final analysis. Routine physical therapy consisting of electrostimulation (10 min.) and therapeutic massage (10 min.) was the base intervention for all groups. The experimental group (n = 10) was additionally exposed to a VR game intervention, while the control group (n = 12) underwent an intervention involving similar motions as the experimental intervention but with no VR. The intervention for the experimental group used the game Rig Fit Adventure on Nintendo switch. Both groups underwent their respective interventions 3 times a week (35 min. per session) for 4 weeks. Pain was assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS), and QOL was assessed using the EuroQol five-dimensional five-level questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Engagement was assessed using the Korea flow state scale (K-FSS). Finally, knee movement and function were assessed based on knee flexion and extension, range of motion (ROM), and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: After the four-week physical therapy, both groups showed significant reductions in pain (on the NRS), increased knee ROM (flexion), better WOMAC scores, and increased EQ-5D-5L scores (p < 0.05), with the experimental group showing significantly better improvements in EQ-5D-5L and K-FSS scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that a VR-game-integrated intervention is effective for improving pain, QOL, engagement, and knee function in post-knee surgery patients and that VR-game-integrated interventions could be therapeutic alternatives for patients bedridden for prolonged periods with little motivation for rehabilitation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.207-215
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• 2014

예로부터 봄에 채취하여 즐겨 섭취하던 달맞이순과 다래순을 전라북도 진안지역에서 건나물 상품으로 구입하여 항산화효과 및 항염증효과를 측정하였다. 달맞이순과 다래순의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 60.4와 33.0 mg tannin acid/g dry wt였으며, 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 31.9와 29.3 mg rutin/g dry wt였다. 항산화효과의 지표로 에탄올 추출 시료의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 환원력을 측정한 결과 달맞이순과 다래순의 DPPH 라디칼에 대한 $IC_{50}$은 각각 58.2와 $122.1{\mu}g/mL$였고, 환원력은 $500{\mu}g/mL$의 처리농도에서 각각 52.1과 45.3 ascorbate eq./mL로 2 시료 모두 우수하였지만 상대적으로 달맞이순이 더 우수하였다. 한편 항염증 효과의 지표로 5-LOX와 COX-2 활성에 대한 억제율을 측정하였는데 달맞이순과 다래순 에탄올 추출 시료 $250{\mu}g/mL$ 처리 시 5-LOX 활성 억제율은 각각 29.5%와 11.5%였으며, COX-2 활성 억제율은 각각 79.5%와 39.1%로 달맞이순이 더 우수하였다. 이어서 달맞이순의 항염증효과의 기전을 살펴보기 위하여 에탄올 추출 시료를 세포 독성이 없는 농도 범위에서 RAW 264.7 대식세포에 처리하고 LPS($1{\mu}g/mL$)로 염증반응을 유도한 결과, 처리농도가 높아질수록 NO, PGE2, IL-6 생성량은 점차 감소하였지만 TNF-${\alpha}$의 생성량은 변화가 없었다. 본 실험 결과 달맞이순과 다래순은 나물류 중에서 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량이 비교적 높은 편으로 항산화효과가 우수하였으며 특히 달맞이순은 항염증효과도 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 달맞이순의 항염증효과 및 활성 유효성분 분석 등의 심도 있는 후속연구와 함께 다양한 섭취방안을 강구함으로써 중노년기에 증가하기 쉬운 산화적 스트레스와 만성적 염증반응을 억제하여 만성질환을 예방하는 데 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 폴리머
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.304-307
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• 2005

산을 촉매로 한 물/초산용액에서의 폴리(비닐 아세테이트) 가수분해반응을 $35^{circ}C$에서, 물과 초산치 비율을 달리한 두 용액 조성에서 연구하였다. 반응시간에 따른 비닐 아세테이트(VAc)와 비닐 알코올(VA) 단량체 몰분율을 NMR로 측정하였고, 반응이 평형에 도달한 후의 화학평형상수($K_{eq}$)를 화학평형상태에서의 VAc와 VA의 몰분율을 이용하여 결정하였다. 화학평형에서의 VAc 몰분율이 0.78(${\pm}0.01$)이었을 때 $K_{ef}$는 0.76(${\pm}0.01$)이었고, VAc 몰분율이 0.57(${\pm}0.02$)일 때 0.69($\{pm}0.01$)이었다. 가수분해반응은 가성 1차 반응을 따랐으며, 반응속도상수는 $3.4{\times}10^{-6}/sec$이었다.