• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.34-40
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• 2006

The daytime(7 a.m to 10 p.m.) and the nighttime(10 p.m. to 7 a.m.) used to calculate existing $L_{dn}$ is different from the domestic daytime(6 a.m to 10 p.m.) and nighttime(10 p.m. to 6 a.m.) periods. The difference of a time periods makes too difficult for converting measured $L_{eq}$ during daytime($L_d$) and nighttime($L_n$) periods to $L_{dn}$. Thus, it is difficult to directly compare with $L_{dn}$ standard of a foreign country. The pupose of paper is to propose a proper experimental equations that make up for the problems. The data of this paper used road traffic noise data of Auto-Network System(ANS) that generates $L_{eq}$ TNI, $L_{NP}$ for 1 hour. A method of this paper is as follows.(1) The data of ANS converted 24 hour $L_{eq}$ which measured every 1 hour to existing $L_{dn}$ and to $L_{dn}$ of an experimental equations.(2) The existing Lan is compared to results of $L_{dn}$ from experimental equations. The paper proposes a three experimental equations. This paper select an approximate equation that was most similar, to existing $L_{dn}$ out of these equations. When $L_{eq}$ data of different daytime and nighttime periods are converted to $L_{dn}$, an experimental equation of this paper can be used and applied to $L_{dn}$'s calculation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2011

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with cutaneous hyper-reactivity to environmental triggers. In order to develop effective therapeutic herbal extracts for atopic dermatitis, cytotoxicity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities were investigated for various herbal extracts. Among candidate extracts, we selected Aloe vera L. (AV), Viola mandshurica W. Becker (VM), Punica granatum L. (PG), Dendrobium nobile L. (DN) and mixture of the above extracts (MX) for further investigations. All of them did not show cytotoxic activities to macrophage RAW264.7 cells below the concentration of 100 ppm. All showed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, although to various extents. In antioxidant effects, AV showed the highest effect, followed by PG and VM, while DN did the lowest. In evaluation for anti-inflammatory activities in macrophage RAW264.7 cells, AV and DN inhibited almost completely the LPS-induced production of nitric oxide, while AV, DN and VM showed strong inhibitory activities on the LPS-induced production of TNF-${\alpha}$. In anti-allergy effect in mast cell HMC-1, DN showed the highest effect, followed by AV and PG, while VM did the lowest. In the topical allergy reaction induced by compound 48/80 in Sprague-Dawley rat, DN exhibited significant anti-allergic effect, while PG, VM and AV did slight effect. These results suggest that AV, VM, PG and DN have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities, and thus have the potential to reduce and alleviate the symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.427-433
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• 1995

A microscopic mass balance approach has hsown that the initial saturation (Is), absorption number (An), dose number (Do), and dissolution number (Dn) are four fundamental dimensionless parameters that can be used to estimate the fraction dose absorbed (F)l of suspensions of poorly soluble drugs in humans. The dissolution number of a drug increases with decreasing its particle size. The effect of micronization on F for suspensions was investigated in terms of Dn. About 90% of maximal F can be achieved at $Dn{\approx}2$. Increasing the solubility of a drug results in better oral absorption through increasing Dn and decreasing the solubility of a drug results in better oral absorption through increasing Dn and decreasing Do. The fractions dose absorbed of digoxin, griseofulvin, and benoxaprofen agree with predicted F values sorbed by reducing particle size, while absorption of drugs with high Do and low Dn is limited by solubility and requires higher solubility to enhance the fraction dose absorbed in addition to micronization. Solubility at the physiological pH should be used for the estimation of the fraction dose absorbed.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

A useful radiance-converting method was developed to convert the Landsat-7 ETM+thermal-infrared (TIR) band's radiance ($L_{{\lambda},L7/ETM+}$) to that of Landsat-5 TM TIR ($L_{{\lambda},L5/TM+})$ as: $L_{{\lambda},L5/TM}=0.9699{\times}L_{{\lambda},L7/ETM+}+0.1074\;(R^2=1)$. In addition, based on the radiance-converting equation and the linear relation between digital number (DN) and at-satellite radiance, a DN-converting equation can be established to convert DN value of the TIR band between Landsat-5 and Landsat-7. Via this method, it is easy to integrate Landsat-5 and Landsat-7 TIR data to retrieve the sea surface temperature (SST) in coastal waters on the basis of local empirical algorithms in which the radiance or DN of Lansat-5 and 7 TIR band is usually the only input independent variable. The method was employed in a local empirical algorithm in Daya Bay, China, to detect the thermal pollution of cooling water discharge from the Daya Bay nuclear power station (DNPS). This work demonstrates that radiance conversion is an effective approach to integration of Landsat-5 and Landsat-7 data in the process of a SST retrieval which is based on local empirical algorithms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.754-758
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to propose calculation and application method of a common factor from different noise source unit such as $L_{eq}$ and WECPNL, A calculation was conducted by method that propose TNO-PG. Also, An applied example is a noise environmental standard of Korea and Japan. After %HA of two country are calculated, noise standards of two countries were compared by using %HA. The result by a equation of %HA is to convert a noise level($L_{dn}$) into a %HA. To calculate a %HA, First $L_{eq}$ is converted into $L_{dn}$. Then, $L_{dn}$, has inputted into and %HA has deduced from a %HA equation of TNO-PG. If the same area is applied the same %HA value according to area categories, it can be applied the same %HA to different noise sources. As a results. a noise levels have computed different values because responses of human change in accordance with a noise sources. This results can be applied to the noise environmental assessment for a domestic railway and aircraft noise.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.183-193
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• 2006

We consider a new classification method(DnDclass) combining two classification rules based on $L_1$-distance(L1DISTclass) and $L_1$-data depth(L1DDclass). To investigate characteristics and to evaluate the performance of these classification methods, we use simulation data in various settings. Through this simulation study, we can confirm that the new method, DnDclass, performs relatively well in many cases.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.420-430
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• 2002

Rating scales for environmental noise are varied in their calculation procedure. Among them WECPNL (weighted equivalent continuous perceived noise level) is the rating scale for aircraft noise currently being used in domestic and applied only for aircraft noise. However $L_{dn}$ calculated from $L_{eq}$ $L_{eq}$ is used as a rating scale for not only aircraft noise but also environmental noise. Besides, it is easy to calculate and internationally preferred. It is, therefore, not adequate for the evaluation of residents' exposure. Moreover it is very difficult to measure the aircraft noise by WECPNL due to the complicated calculating procedures if automatic measuring system is not used. Accordingly. this study aims to propose alternative evaluation procedure for the aircraft noise. To achieve this purpose, the data measured by automatic measuring system were gathered and calculated with three evaluation procedures : WECPNL $L_{eq}$ and $L_{dn}$, and the results calculated from different methods were compared and analyzed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.955-963
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• 2005

From sludge of S municipal wastewater treatment plant in Busan, Korea, we isolated the denitrifier DN-9 which showed the ability of denitrification under aerobic conditionby the color change and gas formation in liquid culture with Giltay medium. The isolated strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. DN-9 on the basis of the morphological, physiological, biochemical and nucleotide sequence analysis of l6S rRNA. The isolated strain, Pseudomonas sp. DN-9, has cytochrome $cd_1$, nirS of nitrite reductase. By the co-existance of additional ammonium and nitrate ion, the strain was not affected largely on growth in SL series broth. It seemed the result of denitrification. Although Pseudomonas sp. DN-9 has a good nitrate reduction activity under aerobic condition, the activity is less than Pseudomonas stutzeri in same cultivation condition. However, Escherichia coli had little the activity of aerobic denitrification and Pseudomonas putida showed lower activity of aerobic denitrification than Pseudomonas sp. DN-9 and Pseudomonas stutzeri in this study.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.459-464
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• 1996

Exo-polysaccharide (BWS) obtained from submerged cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium was fractionated. Antitumor activity of their fractions was investigated in comparison with the mycelial polysaccharide fractions. Eight kinds (BWS-DN, BWS-DA, BWS-DN-GI, BWS- DA-GI, MWS-DN, MWS-DA, MWS-DN-GI and MWS-DA-GI) of polysaccharide fractions were obtained by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sepharose CL-4B gel chromatography from BWS and MWS, which were isolated from culture fiuid and mycelial cell, respectively. The anticomplementary activities (ITCH$_{50}$%) of the exo-polysaccharide fractions showing 15% to 30% were lower than those of mycelial polysaccharide fractions showing 15% to 70%. The acidic fractions of BWS-DA and BWS-DA-GI fractionated from BWS, showed the highest activity of 30%. In the MTT assay, BWS-DN and MWS against mouse leukemia L1210 exhibited high inhibition ratio of 86 and 89%, respectively at the concentration of 600 $\mu$g/ml. High inhibition ratio of 50% (IC$_{50}$) was achieved for BWS, BWS-DA and MWS-DA fractions against human colon adenocarcinoma COLO-205 and for BWS-DA, BWS-DN and MWS-DN fractions against human leukemia HL-60 at the concentra- tion of 300 $\mu$g/ml among the six polysaccharide fractions, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.703-706
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• 2001

Currently domestic criteria for the aircraft noise is being adapted WECPNL(weighted equivalent continuous perceived noise level), while internationally preferred method is which is originated from $L_{eq}$ and can evaluate even environmental noise. WECPNL used in domestic as a evaluation method is only for the aircraft noise. It is, therefore, not adequate for the evaluation of residents' injury, moreover, it is very difficult to measure the aircraft noise with WECPNL due to the complicated calculating procedures as long as automatic measuring system is not used. Accordingly, this study aims to propose alternative evaluation method for the aircraft noise. To achieve this purpose, the data measured by automatic measuring system were gathered and calculated with three evaluation methods： WECPNL, $L_{eq}$ and $L_{dn}$ and the results calculated from different methods were compared and analyzed.