• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.69-76
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• 1980

This paper describes the measurement of the underwater noises produced by the engine vibration around the engine room of stern trawler MIS Sae-Ba-Da(2275GT, 3,600 PS) and pole kner M/S Kwan-Ak-San (243 GT, 1000 PS) while the ship is stopping. The underwater noise pressure level was measured with the underwater level meter of which measuring range is 100 to 200 dB(re bLPa). A and B denotes the maximum pressure level measured at right beneath the bottom of the engine room, while the main engine of the Sae-Ba-Da revoluted at 750 and 500 rpm, respectively. C denotes that of the main engine of the Kwan-Ak-San revoluted at 350 rpm, and D that of the generator of the Sae-Ba-Da revoluted at 720 rpm. Thus A, B, C and D were set for the standard sound source for the experiment. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The noise Pressure level at A, B, C and D were 170.5,165,153 and 158dB, respectively. 2. When the check points distanted vertically 1, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50m from the sound source, the underwater noise presure levels were 170.5, 155, 148, 144 and 138 dB and the directional angle was 116\ulcorner in case of A. 3. The sound level attenuated at the rate of 20dB per 10" meters of the horizontal distance from the sound sources. 4. The frequency distribution of the noise was 100Hz to 10KHz and predominant frequency was 700 to 800Hzminant frequency was 700 to 800Hz

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.550-557
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 한부모가 된 후의 변화 및 어려움에 기초한 차별적인 특징을 보이는 잠재집단을 탐색하고, 확인된 잠재집단에 한부모의 배경 변인이 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 확인된 잠재집단에 따라 한부모의 우울 수준에 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 2018 전국 한부모 가족 실태조사 자료의 2,500명을 분석 대상으로 하였으며, 잠재프로파일 분석 방법을 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 8개 항목에 대한 한부모가 된 후의 변화 및 어려움에 기초한 잠재집단은 '양육 안정 집단', '보통 집단', '경제적 안정 집단', '잠재적 위험군 집단'의 4개 잠재집단이 존재하는 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 한부모의 배경변인 중 학력보다는 성별과 경제적 측면의 정부지원유형 및 취업 여부가 잠재집단 분류에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히, 여성 한부모, 미취업, 저소득지원가구 일 때 잠재적 위험군에 속할 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 잠재집단에 따라 한부모의 우울 수준에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 잠재적 위험군 집단이 양육 안정 집단, 보통 집단, 경제적 안정 집단보다 우울 수준이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 한부모가 된 후 한부모가 겪는 변화 및 어려움의 모습은 다를 수 있으며, 각 잠재집단의 특성을 고려한 사회적 지원이 제공될 때 한부모지원정책의 실효성을 높일 수 있음을 시사한다.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

Both flow visualizations and computational fluid dynamics were performed to determine hemodynamics in a total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) model for surgically correcting congenital heart defects. From magnetic resonance images, an anatomically correct glass model was fabricated to visualize steady flow. The total flow rates were 4, 6 and 8L/min and flow rates from SVC and IVC were 40:60. The flow split ratio between LPA and RPA was varied by 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50. A pressure-based finite-volume software was used to solve steady flow dynamics in TCPC models. Results showed that superior vena cava(SVC) and inferior vena cava(IVC) flow merged directly to the intra-atrial conduit, creating two large vortices. Significant swirl motions were observed in the intra-atrial conduit and pulmonary arteries. Flow collision or swirling flow resulted in energy loss in TCPC models. In addition, a large intra-atrial channel or a sharp bend in TCPC geometries could influence on energy losses. Energy conservation was efficient when flow rates in pulmonary branches were balanced. In order to increase energy efficiency in Fontan operations, it is necessary to remove a flow collision in the intra-atrial channel and a sharp bend in the pulmonary bifurcation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 1988

Ten patients with tetralogy of Fallot were studied angiocardiographically before a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt and again 25*3.2 months after the previous shunt. All of ten patients had patent previous shunt at the time of follow up examination. Pre-and postoperative diameters of left and right pulmonary artery and descending aorta were measured and pulmonary artery index [the sum of the crossectional areas of the right and left pulmonary arteries standardized by the body surface area] was calculated. The ratio of mean diameter of left and right pulmonary arteries to the diameter of the descending aorta [LPA+RPA/2xDA] was increased postoperatively by 0.20*0.068 [p=0.020]. Mean PAI [pulmonary artery index] increased from 283.8*178.4 mm/m2 BSA to 345.8~144.5 mm/m2 BSA after shunt operation [p=0.019]. This results suggested that the modified Blalock-Taussig shunt was effective to help growth of the pulmonary arteries in most cases of the study populations but the ones with the PAI>233mm*/m* BSA appeared less benefited by Blalock Taussig shunt. Calculation of PAI could be an aid to making a decision whether to perform a one stage corrective surgical procedure or a palliative shunt procedure in the patient with small pulmonary arteries.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2003

Endothelins secreted from keratinocytes are intrinsic mitogens and melanogens of human melanocytes in UVB-induced hyperpigmentation. To elucidate the cellular mechanism of antimelanogenic activity of bamboo extract, the effects of three ingredients of bamboo extract on endothelin 1 (ET-1)-induced $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization were investigated in cultured human melanocytes. ET-1 receptors in human melanocytes were characterized by using specific antagonist, and ET-1 was found to increase intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) by activating ET-B receptor. SM709 (1,2-O-diferulyl-glycerol), an ingredient of bamboo extract, inhibited ET-1-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, although another ingredients SM707 and SM708 had no effect on ET-1-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in human melanocytes. SM709 ($100{\mu}M$), however, did not affect $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase induced by thapsigargin and caffeine, suggesting that SM709 has no effect on the $Ca^{2+}$ store in melanocytes. Furthermore, SM709 did not affect $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase induced by LPA or ATP, known as G protein-mediated PLC activators like ET-1. Taken together, it is suggested that SM709 antagonizes ET-1-induced transmembrane signaling through ET-B receptor, which maybe a possible underlying mechanism of antimelanogenic activity of bamboo extract in human melanocytes.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.767-774
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• 2011

세포의 이동은 많은 생리적 반응뿐만 아니라 암 세포 침윤과 전이에 중요한 역할을 수행한다. 본 연구에서는 마늘이 암세포의 이동에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해, 표준 마늘과 흑마늘을 준비하고 이들을 각각 물을 이용하여 추출하거나 건조하여 추출한 추출물 4 종류를 이용하여 항침윤성과 항전이성에 대해 조사하였다. 실험결과, 암세포의 이동은 건조 후 헥산으로 추출한 분획에 암세포의 이동 억제 활성이 관찰되었다. 이 분획을 박막 크로마토그래피를 이용하여 분리정제하였으며, 이를 inhibitor of cancer metastasis from garlic #27 (ICMG-27)이라 명명하였다. ICMG-27 (6 ${\mu}g/ml$)을 세포에 처리하였을 때, IGF-1에 의한 OVCAR-3와 NIH-3T3 세포의 이동을 억제함을 확인하였다. 그러나 ICMG-27은 mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) 세포에서 IGF-1에 의한 이동에는 영향을 주지 않았다. 이러한 ICMG-27은 OVCA-3, SKOV-3와 MDA-MB-231 세포와 같은 암세포에서 모두 IGF-1에 의한 이동을 억제함을 관찰하였다. 마지막으로 세포이동을 일으키는 인자에 따른 ICMG-27의 영향을 확인한 것으로, IGF-1, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), leukotriene B4 (LTB4) 그리고, angiotensinII (AngII)에 의한 OVCAR-3 세포의 이동을 모두 억제하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, ICMG-27은 암세포의 이동을 유도하는 많은 인자들에 의한 필수적인 단계를 차단함으로써, 암세포의 이동을 억제하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었으며, ICMG-27에 의한 암세포의 항 침윤 메커니즘의 규명은 암환자의 치료에 기초적인 발판을 제공할 것입니다.

• 셀메드
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.4.1-4.10
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• 2023

Background and objective: Cervicitis are an inflammatory condition of the cervix. This may be acute, chronic, active & specific or non-specific, which may cause various sign & symptoms. Abnormal vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, lower backache, post coital bleeding. If not treated timely it causes various complications viz PID, infertility, endometritis, ectopic pregnancy etc. Hence it has been decided to conduct a clinical trial for its management. Method: This study was an open observational study. The entire patients were allocated by considering the criteria of inclusion & exclusion. Marhame dakhilyun with roghane sausan is given 10 mg as ḥamūl at bed time, after menses for 21 days. All the patients were assessed by primary outcome of abnormal vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, lower backache, post coital bleeding & secondary outcomes of vaginal symptoms scale score (VSS) which score the vaginal discharge with QOL in cervicitis patients and vaginal analogue scale (VAS) for pain. Result: In this present study, marked improvement is observed in cervicitis. The mean ± SD of vaginal discharge before & after treatment is 2.57±0.050, 0.33±0.48 respectively which is highly significant with p value of<0.0001^**. VSS score before & after treatment is 21.27±6.12, 7.47±2.48 respectively with p<0.0001^** which is highly significant. VAS score used for LAB & LPA before & after treatment is 6.63±1.09, 1.90±1.29 respectively with p<0.0001^** which is highly significant. Interpretation & Conclusion: The study revealed that the formulation has been found effective in healing congestion, hypertrophied of the cervix and discharge and relieving the others associated symptoms of cervicitis. It is useful and provided immediate and effective treatment for cervicitis. Hence, the trial drug can be recommended for its management.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1025-1033
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 백산차추출물의 항산화 활성을 알아보기 위해 추출방법을 달리한 4가지 추출물인 열수추출물(LPW), 고온가압추출물(LPA), 초음파추출물(LPU), 70% 에탄올 추출물추출(LPE)과 LPE에 대한 4가지 용매 층 분획물인 n-hexane 층(LPE/H), ethyl acetate 층(LPE/E), n-butanol 층(LPE/B), water 층(LPE/W) 분획물의 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성을 측정하였다. 또한 백산차 추출물의 항염활성을 알아보기 위해 LPS로 자극된 Raw 264.7 대식세포에서 LPE와 LPE/H, LPE/E, LPE/B, LPE/W의 NO, $PGE_2$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6의 생성 저해 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과, DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성에서 LPE가 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 82.3%와 99.8%의 소거 활성을 나타내었으며, LPE/E의 경우 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 91.8%와 99.6%의 높은 소거 활성을 나타내었다. 항염 활성 확인을 위하여 먼저 MTT assay를 수행하였으며 $25{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 LPE와 LPE/E 모두 90% 이상의 세포 생존율이 확인되었다. NO와 $PGE_2$의 생성 저해 활성을 분석한 결과, LPE와 LPE/E에서 높은 NO와 $PGE_2$ 저해 활성을 확인 하였다. LPE는 $25{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 50%와 70%의 저해 활성을 나타내었고 LPE/E는 같은 농도에서 각각 57%와 73%의 저해 활성을 나타내었다. 마지막으로 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6의 생성 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 LPE 및 LPE/E의 농도의존적인 저해 활성을 확인 하였으며 LPE가 $25{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 각각 24%, 47%, 40%의 저해 활성을 나타내었다. 특히 LPE/E는 같은 농도에서 각각 51%, 57%, 62%의 높은 저해활성을 보였다. 이러한 결과들로부터 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도의 LPE 및 LPE/E는 비타민C와 유사한 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 가지며 비교적 낮은 농도인, $25{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서도 높은 항염증 활성을 가지고 있는 것으로 결론을 내릴 수 있다. 따라서 추후 항노화, 항균, 미백 활성 등에 대한 더 많은 연구 진행이 이루어진다면 백산차추출물은 염증성 질환의 예방 및 치료와 기능성 식품, 화장품 분야 등에서 효과적인 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.626-635
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• 2006

Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) is an intrinsic membrane protein that catalyzes the synthesis of phosphatidic acid (PA) from lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). It is well known that LPAAT is involved in lipid biosynthesis, while its role in tumour progression has been of emerging interest in the last few years. To date, seven members of the LPAAT gene family have been found in human. Here we report a novel LPAAT member, designated as LPAAT-theta, which was 2728 base pairs in length and contained an open reading frame (ORF) encoding 434 amino acids. The LPAAT-theta gene consisted of 12 exons and 11 introns, and mapped to chromosome 4q21.23. LPAAT-theta was ubiquitously expressed in 18 human tissues by RT-PCR analysis. Subcellular localization of LPAAT-theta-EGFP fusion protein revealed that LPAAT-theta was distributed primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of COS-7 cells. Furthermore, we found that the overexpression of LPAAT-theta can induce mTOR-dependent p70S6K phosphorylation on Thr389 and 4EBP1 phosphorylation on Ser65 in HEK293T cells.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.25-51
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• 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify patterns of gender role attitude among older men and women and to investigate the effects of the identified patterns on marital quality for each gender. Method: The Third National Survey of Korean Families was utilized and 981 men and 752 women aged 60 and above, who have been married for over 20 years and have at least one child, were analyzed. Using Mplus 7.3, a latent profile analysis (LPA) identified latent profiles of gender role attitude for each gender. Then, using SPSS 23.0, multiple regression analysis analyzed the effects of the identified patterns on both marital satisfaction and marital conflict. Results: The latent profile analysis identified two patterns of traditional and partially egalitarian gender role attitudes each for the older men and women. Also, means on items relevant to the male breadwinner model and the male-oriented family culture were relatively low for both men and women regardless of the patterns. For the older men, the effects of the gender role attitude patterns on marital satisfaction and marital conflict were both significant; those individuals with the partially egalitarian gender role attitude pattern reported higher levels of marital satisfaction and lower levels of marital conflict than those individuals with the traditional gender role attitude pattern. However, the effects of the gender role attitude patterns on marital satisfaction and marital conflict were both not significant for the older women. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that political interventions are required to promote an egalitarian family culture for older adults. Moreover, its findings may be useful in the field of marriage and family therapy to develop educational programs that seek to improve marital quality in later life.