• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.429-438
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 감마선 조사가 총목피 추출물의 생리활성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 감마선 조사한 총목피의 감마선 조사여부를 확인하기 위하여 전자스핀공명(ESR) 분석을 시행한 결과 대칭적인 unspecific central ESR 신호 좌우로 cellulose를 함유한 조사 식품에서 나타나는 한 쌍의 peak가 6.0 mT의 공간을 두고 나타나 감마선을 조사한 시료로 판별되었다. 감마선 조사된 총목피의 최적 추출조건은 10 kGy를 조사한 시료를 50% ethanol을 사용하여 15시간 추출이었다. 감마선을 조사한 총목피의 항산화 효과를 확인한 결과 DPPH radical 소거효과와 ABTS radical 저해는 총목피의 물 추출물과 50% ethanol 추출물의 경우, 비조사구와 조사구를 저 농도인 $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ 처리하였을 때 각각 80%와 98% 이상의 매우 높은 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 지용성 물질의 항산화 활성의 지표인 antioxidant Protention Factor (PF)는 2.18~2.78 PF로 매우 높은 PF값을 나타내었다. TBARs의 경우 물과 ethanol 추출물 모두 높은 TBARs값을 나타내었다. 물 추출물은 감마선의 조사에 의한 TBARs 저해능의 상승은 관찰되지 않았으나, ethanol 추출물은 10 kGy의 감마선조사에 의해 TBARs 저해능의 상승이 약하게 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과 총목피는 감마선의 조사에 의해서 총목피의 phenolic 성분들의 용출율과 항산화 효과가 증대되는 현상을 확인하였다. 또한 감마선 조사가 식물체로부터 생리활성물질의 용출 증대와 항산화 활성을 증폭시킬 수 있는 수단으로 활용이 가능할 것이라 판단되었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.217-234
• /
• 1997

The purpose of present study is to compare the effect of treatment using $Guidor^{(R)}$ as a barrier membrane in conjunction with platelet-derived growth factor and insulin like growth factors on experimental dehiscence defects. Following the resection of premolar crowns, roots were submerged. After 12 weeks of healing period, experimental dehiscence defects of 4mm in height and 4mm in width were surgically created on the mid-facial aspect of the lower premolar roots in each of 4 adult dogs. After root planning and demineralization of the root surface with citric acid, the control groups received 4% methylcellulose gel only, the test group I received 4% methylcellulose gel and were covered by $Guidor^{(R)}$ and the test group II were treated with PDGF and IGF and 4% methylcellulose gel with $Guidor^{(R)}$ coverage. Histological and histomorphometric analysis following 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results. 1. The new bone formation showed no statistically significant difference in all groups with $0.59{\pm}0.82mm$($14.03{\pm}19.60%$) for control, $0.70{\pm}0.39mm$($16.30{\pm}9.01%$) for group I, $0.87{\pm}0.76mm$($18.74{\pm}16.03%$) for group II. 2. The new cementum formation showed no statistically significant difference in all groups with $0.54{\pm}0.48mm$($l6.38{\pm}14.57%$) for control, $0.95{\pm}0.38mm$($23.43{\pm}9.30%$) for group I, $1.01{\pm}0.75mm$($22.10{\pm}16.ll%$) for gorup II. 3. The root resorption showed statistically significant differences betweenthe control group and all test groups(p<0.05) with $2.11{\pm}0.53mm$($52.93{\pm}12.32%$) for control, $0.63{\pm}0.27mm$($15.32{\pm}7.05%$) for group I, $0.89{\pm}0.33mm$ ($19.26{\pm}7.11%$) for group II. On the bases of these results, there were no statistically difference between treatment using resorbable membrane and resorbable membrane in conjunction with PDGF and IGF in the dehiscence defects, where it was difficult to maintain space. The use of membrane seemed to be more effective in the inhibition of root resorption.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 춘계학술발표회
• /
• pp.45-45
• /
• 2018

We had already reported the successful germination for green pods of purple lady's slipper orchid (Cypripedium macranthos Sw.). The green pod methods is to take immature seeds in green capsules, sterilize the capsule, and take out the sterile seeds. This method, however, needs very critical time of harvest. The critical time of seed harvest changes depending upon the species, condition of the specimen, and climatic influence, and the right time lies between 5 and 12 weeks after fertilization. In this study, the mature seeds were collected after 120-130 days with hand-polination of lady's slipper orchids. Mature seeds are usually dormant and it has to be overcome, either with hormone or storing the seeds near freezing for two or three months to break dormancy. The seeds were first surface sterilized with 70% ethanol and then transferred 1% NaOCl for 10-15 minutes, followed by rinses 3 times with sterilized distilled water. The cypripedium seeds consists of an embryo within a seed coat known as a testa. The testa is water repellent and the seed has a large air space between the embryo and testa so the seed tends to float on water. We had resolved the problems with vacuum pump to soak water into the testa before sterilization. The seeds were placed on liquid or agar solidified germination media. Cultures were incubated at $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ in dark. The seeds were germinated in 6-8 weeks in liquid suspension culture (germination percentage over 18%); however, the seeds on agar solidified media took more than 5 months to germinate and the germination percentage less than 5%. The most effective media for liquid culture was 1/4 strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 50 ml/l coconut water ($4brix^{\circ}$) at pH 5.8.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.216-224
• /
• 1998

윤작이 참깨의 생육과 토양의 이화학성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 1995년부터 3년간 옥수수, 콩, 보리, 호밀등을 도입하여 참깨 연 윤작 시험을 실시 하였다. 연 윤작에 따른 토양의 이화학성 변화를 보면 토양내 유기물 함량과 치환성 양이온 함량은 참깨 연작구에 비하여 윤작구에서 높았다. 토양내 유효인산 함량은 호밀 보리+참깨 윤작구에서 높았으며, pH는 처리간에 유의성 있는 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 토양 가밀도는 참깨 연작구에서 가장 높고, 호밀 보리+참깨 윤작구에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 옥수수-참깨와 콩-참깨 윤작구에서는 중간 정도였다. 토양의 공극률은 가밀도와는 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. 토양내 Biomass-C, N 함량은 맥류+참깨 윤작구에서 그 양이 가장 많았으며, 옥수수-참깨와 콩-참깨 윤작구에서도 그 양이 참깨 연작구보다 많았다. 참깨 병해발생은 연작장해의 가장 큰 요인이나 본 시험에서는 윤작에 의해 병발생이 감소하지는 않았다. 참깨 생육은 옥수수-참깨와 콩-참깨 윤작구에서 가장 높고, 호밀 보리+참깨 윤작구가 그 다음 이었으며 참깨 연작구의 생육이 가장 낮았다. 참깨 종실수량은 윤작구에서 월등히 많아 참깨 연작구에 비하면 '96년도에는 각각 옥수수-참깨 윤작구는 68%, 호밀+참깨 윤작구는 63%, 콩-참깨 윤작구는 57%, 보리+참깨 윤작구는 55% 증수되었고, '97년도에는 증수율이 '96년에 비해서는 감소했지만 그래도 각각 24, 28, 20, 19% 증수한 결과를 나타내었다. 2년간의 성적을 평균해 보면 이들 윤작구의 수량은 41, 41, 34, 33% 정도 참깨 연작구에 비해서 증가하여 윤작에 의한 증수효과가 인정되었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제44권5호
• /
• pp.505-512
• /
• 2006

직경이 0.102 m이고 높이가 2.5 m인 액체-입자 swirling(나선)흐름 유동층에서 유동 입자의 흐름 및 열전달 특성을 고찰하였다. 액체유속($U_L$), 유동 입자의 크기($d_p$) 그리고 연속상인 액체의 나선 유도흐름 액체량의 비($R_s$)가 유동층 내 유동입자의 체류량 유동층 내부 열원과 유동층간의 총괄 열전달 계수에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 액체-입자 나선흐름 유동층에서 입자 체류량은 입자의 크기와 나선유도흐름 액체량의 비가 증가함에 따라서 증가하였으나, 액체유속의 증가에 따라서는 감소하였다. 유동층 내부에서 나선 유도 흐름 액체량의 비가 0.1~0.3인 경우에 유동 입자의 국부체류량은 유동층 중심부에서 큰 값을 나타내었으나, $R_s$의 값이 0.5일 때는 반경 방향 입자 체류량은 거의 균일한 분포를 보이며, $R_s$의 값이 0.7일 때는 유동층 중심부의 입자 체류량이 상대적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유동층 내부열원과 유동층간의 열전달 특성은 열원 표면과 유동층간의 온도차 요동 자료의 위상공간 투영과 kolmogorov 엔트로피 해석으로 고찰할 수 있었으며, 나선 유도 흐름 액체량의 비($R_s$)가 0.1에서 0.5까지 증가할수록 온도차 요동 자료의 위상공간 투영은 점점 안정되고 규칙성이 증대되는 상태를 나타내고, kolmogorov 엔트로피 값은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 열원 표면과 유동층간의 온도차 요동 자료의 kolmogorov 엔트로피 값은 액체의 유속이 증가함에 따라 최대값을 나타내었다. 열원과 유동층간의 총괄 열전달 계수는 액체유속, 층공극률, 나선 유도 흐름 액체량의 비가 증가함에 따라서 최대값을 나타내었으며, 유동 입자의 크기가 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 내부 열원과 유동층간의 총괄 열전달 계수가 최대값을 나타낼 때의 액체의 유속 조건에서 온도차 요동자료의 kolmogorov 엔트로피의 값도 최대값을 나타내었다. 액체-입자 나선흐름 유동층에서 입자 체류량과 열전달 계수를 무차원군의 상관식으로 나타낼 수 있었다.

• 한국조경학회지
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.20-28
• /
• 2013

우리나라의 공원과 옥외 공공 공간에서 쉽게 접할 수 있는 조경용 차양시설과 녹음수가 하절기 옥외 공간에서 태양광의 자외선을 실질적으로 얼마나 차단하는가를 객관적으로 검증하기 위하여, 대표적인 조경용 차양시설인 목재쉘터, 막구조물과 녹음수인 버드나무 하부의 자외선량을 현장에서 연속적으로 측정하여 태양광과 비교 분석하였다. 자외선 현장측정을 위하여 자외선 A와 B의 조사량을 지속적으로 측정 및 기록할 수 있는 자동시스템을 구축하였으며, 이를 각 시험구의 중앙부에 설치하여 지상 1.1m 위치의 연직방향 자외선량을 2012년 7월에서 9월의 오전 9시부터 17시까지 매 분 단위로 기록하였다. 기상조건과 계측자료의 유효성 등을 고려하여 총 17일 동안의 자외선량을 바탕으로 시험구별 특성을 해석하였는데, 대조구에서 관측된 오전 10시부터 오후 4시까지의 총 648건의 10분 단위 평균데이타를 바탕으로 태양광 UVA+B와 UVB의 일중 시간대별 특성과 월별 특성을 비교하였다. 시설별 자외선량 비교에는 태양광의 자외선량이 현격하게 떨어지는 9월의 자료를 제외하고, 7월과 8월의 15일치 자료 중 오전 10시부터 오후 4시까지 총 2,052건의 데이터를 바탕으로 분석하였다. 시험기간 동안 태양광의 UVA+B는 평균 $1,148{\mu}W/cm^2$로 측정되었는데, 이때 목재쉘터와 막구조물, 녹음수 하부에서 측정된 평균값은 각각 $39{\mu}W/cm^2$(3.4%), $74{\mu}W/cm^2$(6.4%), $87{\mu}W/cm^2$(7.6%)에 불과했다. 즉, 목재쉘터가 약 97%의 자외선 차단율을 보여 가장 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 녹음수와 막구조물이 약 93%의 차단율을 보임으로서 세 시험구 모두 한낮동안의 자외선을 최소 약 93% 이상 차단하는 것이 확인되었다. UVB의 경우, 태양광이 $207{\mu}W/cm^2$의 평균값을 보일 때 목재쉘터와 녹음수 및 막구조물이 각각 $12{\mu}W/cm^2$(5.8%), $17{\mu}W/cm^2$(8.2%), $26{\mu}W/cm^2$(13%)로 평균값이 분석되어, 막구조물의 차단율이 상대적으로 낮은 것이 확인되었다. 그러나, 전체적으로 태양광의 자외선량과 상대적으로 비교했을 때, 태양의 남중고도가 높은 한낮 동안에는 시험구별로 측정된 자외선량에서 큰 차이가 있다고 보기는 어려웠다. 반면에, 차양시설과 수목의 형태적 특성에 의해 태양남중고도에 따라서 측면으로 조사되는 자외선이 이른 오전과 늦은 오후에 높은 수준으로 측정되는데, 이것이 하절기 인간의 옥외활동에 더 큰 장애요인이 되는 것으로 해석되었다. 결론적으로 조경용 차양시설과 녹음수는 하절기 옥외공간의 태양광에 의한 자외선을 최소 93% 이상 차단하는 것으로 나타났다. 차양면의 재료와 특성에 따라서 차단율에 다소 차이는 발생하였지만, 전체적으로 비슷한 성능을 보인 것으로 해석되었다. 다만, 차양시설의 구조적 형태적 특성에 따라서 측면으로 유입되는 자외선을 차단할 수 있는 방안이 보완된다면, 옥외의 쾌적한 휴식공간으로 기능할 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2003

목적 : 뇌피질 이형성증의 다양한 자기공명영상소견을 유형별로 분류하고 병리적 등급 및 유형과의 연관성을 분석한다. 대상 및 방법 : 수술 후 병리적으로 뇌피질 이형성증이 확진된 97명을 대상으로 하였다. 수술 전 MR 영상을 후향적으로 분석하였으며, 이상 소견의 유무에 따라 MR 양성군과 MR 음성군으로 나누었다. MR 양성군에서는 뇌회와 인접지주막하 공간의 크기, 뇌피질 두께, 피질하백질의 신호 강도, 뇌피질과 백질 경계부의 명확성에 의하여 MR 이상 소견을 분류하였다. 병리적 소견 역시 영상 소견을 모르는 상태에서 후향적으로 분석하였으며, 경도, 중등도, 고도와 비풍선세포형, 풍선세포형으로 나누었다. MR 양성군과 음성군 사이에서 그리고 MR 양성군의 네 가지 유형 내에서 각각 병리적 등급 및 유형의 차이가 있는지 분석하였다. 결과: MR 양성군과 음성군은 각각 39 (40%) 명, 58 (60%) 명이었다. MR 양성군 중 위축형은 13 (33%)명, 피질띠형은 9 (23%)명, 내측 만곡형은 9 (23%)명, 그리고 비특이적 형태는 8 (21%)명이었다. MR 양성군과 음성군 사이에서 병리적 등급은 의미 있는 차이가 없었으나, MR음성군에 비하여 MR 양성군에서 고도의 병리적 등급의 빈도가 높은 경향을 보였으며 또한 풍선 세포형의 빈도 역시 유의하게 높았다. (5% Vs 2l%, p＜0.05). 특히 MR 양성군 중에 내측 만곡형은 고도의 병리적 등급과 풍선세포형의 빈도가 각각 78% (7/9), 56% (5/9)인 반면에, 위축형은 경도의 등급과 비풍선세포형의 빈도가 각각 77% (10/13), 100%(13/13)이었다. 결론: 뇌피질이형성증 환자의 MR 영상에서 반 이하에서만 이상 소견을 발견할 수 있었고, 특히 내측 만곡형은 병리적으로 고도의 등급 및 풍선세포형, 그리고 위축형은 경도의 등급 및 비풍선세포형과 높은 연관성을 보여 주었다.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제37권3호
• /
• pp.351-354
• /
• 1993

Z-1-에칠-2-니트로-1-부텐일-(4'-메칠)-페닐 슬폰, C$_{13}$H$_{17}$NO$_4$S의 분자량은 283.4으로 a = 12.194(7), b = 7.290(4), c = 16.532(14)${\AA}$, ${\beta}$ = 103.4(2)$^{\circ}$, V = 1429.5 ${\AA}^3$, Z = 4, D$_c$ = 1.32 gcm$^{-3}$, ${\lambda}$(Mo K${\alpha}$) = 0.71069 ${\AA}$, ${\mu}$ = 2.2 cm$^{-1}$, F(000) = 600, T = 298 K으로 단사정계에 계속하여 P2$_1$/c의 공간군을 갖으며 1762rodml I > 1.0${\sigma}$(I)인 회절반점에 대하여 R=0.050이었다. 분자는 메칠벤젠고리에 결합된 S 원자와 NO$_2$기에 결합된 "치환된 부텐골격", C-C(S)=C(NO$_2$)-C으로 이뤄진 cis-형의 분자구조를 갖고 있다. 메칠벤젠고리와 치환된 부텐부분은 거의 평면으로 되어 있으며 그들 자신의 분자평면으로 부터의 각각의 최대편차는 벤젠기의 C(1) 원자의 0.018${\AA}$와 NO$_2$기의 N 원자의 0.045${\AA}$이다. 부텐골격의 평면은 메칠벤젠의 평면과 88.5$^{\circ}$를 또 NO$_2$기와의 평면은 78.6$^{\circ}$를 이루고 있다. 부텐평면으로부터의 NO$_2$기의 회전은 NO$_2$기가 가지고 있는 공명구조의 기여도를 감소하여 SO$_2$기의 O(2) 원자와 NO$_2$기의 O(3) 원자 사이에서 일어나는 반발로 그 거리가 2.8${\AA}$의 예상된 van der vaals 거리보다 긴 2.894 ${\AA}$로 되어 있다.

• 한국광물학회지
• /
• 제19권1호통권47호
• /
• pp.15-29
• /
• 2006

2 Kbar, $375{\sim}700^{\circ}C$ 조건하에서, 드라바이트의 Mg를 전 구간 치환하는 Mn 조성(Mn%=0, 25, 50, 75, 및 100%)을 가지고 열수법으로 약 50일간 성장시켜 Mn-전기석(tsilaisite)을 합성하였다. 그 결과, 조성별로 생성온도가 다른 6개의 합성 전기석이 얻어졌으며, 앨바이트, 스페샤틴, 능망간석, 금운모 등 다양한 불순물이 함께 생성되었다. 합성 Mn-전기석의 X-자리의 자리결손($0.53{\sim}0.68$)이 천연산(약 $0.2{\sim}0.3$)보다 높게 나타났으며, Y-자리의 Mn mole wt.%는 예상보다 낮은 값을 보이며, 단종 성분의 tsilaisite를 합성하지 못했다. 다양한 복합상으로 이루어진 분말 합성 전기석에 대해 리트벨트 구조분석을 실시하였다. $R_{wp}$값은($R_{p}/R_{exp}$)은 $13.35{\sim}18.62%$의 범위를 보여주며, $R_{B}$ 값은 $4.85{\sim}6.25%$ (S-18: 8.57%), S (GofF) 값은 $1.31{\sim}l.59$ (S-18: 1.81)으로 각각 나타났다. 단위포의 평균값은 공간군 R3m (z=3)으로 ${\alpha}=15.8994\;{\AA},\;c=7.1846\;{\AA}$이며, S-18은 ${\alpha}=15.9491\;{\AA},\;c=7.1773\;{\AA}$이다. 평균 값은 $2.67{\sim}2.69\;{\AA}$ (S-18: $2.65\;{\AA}$), 평균 값은 $2.00{\sim}2.02{\AA}$ (S-18: $1.96\;{\AA}$)으로 각각 계산되었으며, 대칭도(ditrigonality)를 나타내는 ${\delta}$값을 보면 $0.022{\sim}0.031$ (S-18: 0.061)의 범위를 가지는데 Mn 함량이 높아지면서 대칭도가 낮아진다.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.