• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.1133-1143
• /
• 1999

Chaterji strengthened version of a theorem for martin-gales which is a generalization of a theorem of Marcinkiewicz proving that if $X_n$ is a sequence of independent, identically distributed random variables with $E{\mid}X_n{\mid}^p\;<\;{\infty}$, 0 < P < 2 and $EX_1\;=\;1{\leq}\;p\;<\;2$ then $n^{-1/p}{\sum^n}_{i=1}X_i\;\rightarrow\;0$ a,s, and in $L^p$. In this paper, we probe a version of law of large numbers for double arrays. If ${X_{ij}}$ is a double sequence of random variables with $E{\mid}X_{11}\mid^log^+\mid X_{11}\mid^p\;<\infty$, 0 < P <2, then $lim_{m{\vee}n{\rightarrow}\infty}\frac{{\sum^m}_{i=1}{\sum^n}_{j=1}(X_{ij-a_{ij}}}{(mn)^\frac{1}{p}}\;=0$ a.s. and in $L^p$, where $a_{ij}$ = 0 if 0 < p < 1, and $a_{ij}\;=\;E[X_{ij}\midF_[ij}]$ if $1{\leq}p{\leq}2$, which is a generalization of Etemadi's marcinkiewicz-type SLLN for double arrays. this also generalize earlier results of Smythe, and Gut for double arrays of i.i.d. r.v's.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.148-156
• /
• 2023

This study was conducted in an indoor cultivation room and chamber where environmental control is possible to investigate the effect of temperature and irrigation interval on photosynthesis, growth and growth analysis of potted seedling cucumber. The light intensity (70 W·m^-2) and humidity (65%) were set to be the same. The experimental treatments were six combinations of three different temperatures, 15/10℃, 25/20℃, and 35/25℃, and two irrigation intervals, 100 mL per day (S) and 200 mL every 2 days (L). The treatments were named 15S, 15L, 25S, 25L, 35S, and 35L. Seedlings at 0.5 cm in height were planted in pots (volume:1 L) filled with sandy loam and treated for 21 days. Photosynthesis, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance at 14 days after treatment were highest in 25S. These were higher in S treatments with a shorter irrigation interval than L treatments. Total amount of irrigation water was supplied evenly at 2 L, but the soil moisture content was highest at 15S and lowest at 25S > 15L > 25L, 35S and 35L in that order. Humidity showed a similar trend at 15/10℃ (61.1%) and 25/20℃ (67.2%), but it was as high at 35/25℃ (80.5%). Cucumber growth (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, chlorophyll content, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight) on day 21 was the highest in 25S. Growth parameters were higher in S with shorter irrigation intervals. Yellow symptom of leaf was occurred in 89.9% at 35S and 35L, where the temperature was high. Relative growth rate (RGR) and specific leaf weight (SLA) were high at 25/20℃ (25S, 25L), RGR tended to be high in the S treatment, and SLA in the L treatment. Water use efficiency (WUE) was high in the order of 25S, 25L > 15S > 15L, 35S, and 35L. As a result of the above, the growth and WUE were high at the temperature of 25/20℃.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.50-56
• /
• 2017

Wireless sensor nodes have limited energy, so it is important to optimize energy consumption to preserve network lifetime. Various protocols have been proposed for this purpose. LEACH protocol and SEP are the representative protocols. These protocols become less effective as the Sensor Field becomes wider. To improve this, MR-SEP and L-SEP were proposed. These protocols increase the energy efficiency by dividing the Sensor Field into layers and reducing the transmission distance. However, when dividing a layer, there are cases where it is divided inefficiently, and a node within a certain range from a Base Station has a better transmission efficiency than a direct transmission method using a cluster method. In this paper, we propose a Single-hop layer for L-SEP to improve inefficient layer division and near node transmission efficiency. When the larger the Sensor Field, the better the performance of the proposed method by up to 87%. The larger the sensor field, the more efficient the proposed method is over the conventional method. That is, the proposed method is suitable for the wide Sensor Field.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.176-182
• /
• 2015

Abalone protein was hydrolyzed by enzymatic hydrolysis and the optimal enzyme/substrate (E/S) ratios were determined. Abalone protein hydrolysates (APH) produced by Protamex at E/S ratio of 1:100 showed angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ of 0.46 mg/mL, and APH obtained by Flavourzyme at E/S ratio of 1:100 possessed the oxygen radical absorbance capacity value of $457.6{\mu}M$ trolox equivalent/mg sample. Flavourzyme abalone protein hydrolysates (FAPH) also exhibited $H_2O_2$ scavenging activity with $IC_{50}$ of 0.48 mg/mL and $Fe^{2+}$+ chelating activity with $IC_{50}$ of 2.26 mg/mL as well as high reducing power. FAPH significantly (P<0.05) protected $H_2O_2$-induced hepatic cell damage in cultured hepatocytes, and the cell viability was restored to 90.27% in the presence of FAPH. FAPH exhibited 46.20% intracellular ROS scavenging activity and 57.89% lipid peroxidation inhibition activity in cultured hepatocytes. Overall, APH may be useful as an ingredient for functional foods.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.5-14
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Recently, according to climate changes, human health is exposed to danger over the world and they influence all fields of human society. Due to these climate changes, humans can be exposed to more frequent and extreme scorching heat and cold wave than the present. As precautions against these urban higher temperature and dryness, diverse methods are being sought. Among them, as measures to form cold islands, the evaporative cooling effect realistic to social and economic conditions was examined. Method: This study was conducted to analyze effects of temperature reduction and cooling according to injection quantity of minute water particles by using a blast sprayer as one of alternatives of alleviation of urban climate changes in outside space in summer. For this, through temperature difference in accordance with the injection quantity per hour of a day, a time zone representing the value of the highest temperature change was analyzed. Also, by analyzing temperature difference according to the injection quantity per daytime insolation, relation of amounts of insolation and evaporation was investigated. Temperature difference in accordance with distances at the highest temperature with the highest value in temperature changes was analyzed. Result: At the study result, about temperature, as injection quantity increase, temperature reduction was significant statistically at the highest temperature with the most insolation. A factor with the highest influence was judged to be the increase of the injection quantity. According to the injection quantity, it was predicted that $3.1^{\circ}C$ temperature reduction of a daily average in case of 0.16L/min, $3.5^{\circ}C$ temperature reduction of a daily average in case of 0.32L/min, and $4.4^{\circ}C$ temperature reduction of a daily average in case of 0.48L/min.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.192-198
• /
• 2007

In this paper, a new method to reduce the size of ROM in the direct digital frequency synthesizer(DDFS) is proposed. The new ROM compression method can reduce the ROM size by using the two ROM. The quantized value of sine is stored by the quantized-ROM(Q-ROM) and the differential ROM(D-ROM). To reduce the ROM size, we use the differential quantization technique with this two ROM. First, we quantize the quarter sine wave with the $2^L$ address and store the quantized value at the Q-ROM. Second, after the $2^L$ address are equally divided into $2^M$ sampling intervals, the sampling value is quantized. And the D-ROM store only the difference between this quantized value and the Q-ROM. So the total size of the ROM in the proposed DDFS is significantly reduced compared to the original ROM. The ROM compression ratio of 67.5% is achieved by this method. Also, the power consumption is affected mostly by this ROM reduction.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.163-172
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present implications in the planning and design methodology for revitalization of public spaces for mixed-use residential building. For the purpose, I have taken a literature research and a site analysis with cases of 'Kyungsung Univ.·Bukyung Nat'l Univ. Station'-area in Busan City. The analysis framework was consist of spatial composition, street facilities, use behavior, and connection with the street. The result of this study is as follows; 1) It is needed to consist of an empty space practically usable in an open location that is easy to access by the general public. 2) Considering the use of people, it is needed to install street furniture that can actually be used for rest. 3) It is needed to make a plan and design that considers the access and use of the general public and the space through it. 4) It is needed to create a synergistic effect in the integration of the street and the public space and the linkage with the street through this.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.40 no.11
• /
• pp.1537-1543
• /
• 2011

We investigated the anti-diabetic effects of Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (sea urchin, SU) shells on non-obese type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. We measured body weight, blood glucose, and plasma insulin levels and conducted an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The SU shells (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the blood glucose of GK rats from 203.8${\pm}$29.8 mg/dL to 138.5${\pm}$21.2 mg/dL at after 4 weeks of daily oral administration. However, plasma insulin levels at the same time were not changed by treatment with SU. During the OGTT, the SU-treated GK rats maintained a lower blood glucose level than the control group for 15 to 120 min. Based on these results, SU shells are considered to be effective in improving glucose tolerance. These results suggest that SU shells have unique properties to lower blood glucose, raise insulin sensitivity, and improve insulin resistance in GK rats.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.1564-1567
• /
• 2008

We demonstrate here a self-aligned printing approach that allows downscaling of printed organic thin-film transistors to channel lengths of 100 - 400 nm. A perfected down-scaled polymer transistors (L= 200 nm) showing high transition frequency over 1.5 Mhz were realized with thin polymer dielectrics, controlling contact resistance, and minimizing overlap capacitance via self-aligned gate configuration.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.661-672
• /
• 1997

In this paper we introduce the semidiscrete solution of a single-phase nonlinear Stefan problem We analyze the optimal convergence of the semidiscrete solution in $H^1$ and $H^2$ normed spaces and also we derive the error estimates in $L^2$ normed space.