• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2009

This study was performed to comprehend the developmental characteristics of cloned embryos knocked out (KO) of $\alpha$-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GalT) gene. Immature oocytes were collected and cultured for 40 hrs (1-step) or 20hrs (with hormone) + 20hrs (without hormone) (2-step). The embryos transferred with miniature pig ear fibroblast cell were used as control. The reconstructed embryos were cultured in PZM-3 with 5% $CO_2$ in air at $38.5^{\circ}C$ for 6 days. To determine the quality of the blstocysts, TUNEL and quantitative realtime RT-PCR were performed. The embryos were transferred to a surrogate (Landrace) at an earlier stage of the estrus cycle. The maturation rate was significantly higher in 2-step method than that of 1-step (p<0.05). The blastocyst development of GalT KO embryos was significantly lower than that of normal cloned embryos (p<0.05). The total and apoptotic cell number of GalT KO blastocysts was not different statistically from control. The relative abundance of Bax-$\alpha$/Bcl-xl ratio was significantly higher in both cloned blastocysts than that of in vivo blastocysts (p<0.05). Taken together, it can be postulated that the lower developmental potential and higher expression of apoptosis related genes in GalT KO SCNT embryos might be a cause of a low efficiency of GalT KO cloned miniature pig production.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.53-59
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a BERGPT-chatbot, a domestic AI chatbot that can alleviate negative emotions based on text input such as 'Replika'. We made BERGPT-chatbot into a chatbot capable of mitigating negative emotions by pipelined two models, KR-BERT and KoGPT2-chatbot. We applied a creative method of giving emotions to unrefined everyday datasets through KR-BERT, and learning additional datasets through KoGPT2-chatbot. The development background of BERGPT-chatbot is as follows. Currently, the number of people with depression is increasing all over the world. This phenomenon is emerging as a more serious problem due to COVID-19, which causes people to increase long-term indoor living or limit interpersonal relationships. Overseas artificial intelligence chatbots aimed at relieving negative emotions or taking care of mental health care, have increased in use due to the pandemic. In Korea, Psychological diagnosis chatbots similar to those of overseas cases are being operated. However, as the domestic chatbot is a system that outputs a button-based answer rather than a text input-based answer, when compared to overseas chatbots, domestic chatbots remain at a low level of diagnosing human psychology. Therefore, we proposed a chatbot that helps mitigating negative emotions through BERGPT-chatbot. Finally, we compared BERGPT-chatbot and KoGPT2-chatbot through 'Perplexity', an internal evaluation metric for evaluating language models, and showed the superity of BERGPT-chatbot.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.447-450
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• 2005

The crude methanol extract of the fruits of Amomum tsao-ko (Zingiberaceae) showed cytotoxic activity. Bioactivity-guided separation led to the isolation of a diarylheptanoid, tsaokoarylone [7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-hepta-4E,6E-dien-3-one] (2). 2 showed cytotoxicity at 4.9 and 11.4 $\mu$g/mL ($IC_{50}$) against human nonsmall cell lung cancer A549 and human melanoma SK-Mel-2, respectively, determined by SRB colorimetric method. During purification-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-hydroxyhexan-2-one (4) together with three known diarylheptanoids was also isolated. Their structures were determined from interpretation of spectroscopic data (IR, UV, MS, and NMR) and synthesis confirmed the structure of 2.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2006

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2018

Purpose: A modern greenhouse consists of various Information and Communications Technology (ICT) components e.g., sensor nodes, actuator nodes, gateways, controllers, and operating softwarethat communicate with each other. The interoperability between these components is an essential characteristic for any greenhouse control system. A greenhouse control system could not work unless the components communicate via common interfaces. The TTAK.KO-06.0288 is an interface standard consisting of four parts. Notably, TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part3, which describes the interface between a greenhouse operating system (GOS) and a greenhouse control gateway (GCG), is the core standard of TTAK.KO-06.0288. The objectives of this study were to analyze the TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part3 standard, to suggest alternative solutions for identified issues, and to develop a library as a proof of the alternative solutions. Methods: The "data field" was analyzed using a comparative analysis method, since it is a data transmission unit of TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part3. It was compared with other parts of TTAK.KO-06.0288 in terms of definition, format, size, and possible values. Although TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part1 and TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part2 do not use a "data field," they have a similar data structure. That structure was compared with the "data field" of TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part3. Results: Twenty-one issues were identified across four categories: inter-standard issues, intra-standard issues, operational issues, and misprint issues. Since some of the issues can raise interoperability problems, 16 alternative solutions were suggested. In order to prove the alternative solutions, an open-source communication library called libtp3 was developed. The library passed 14 unit tests and was adapted to two research. Conclusions: Although TTAK.KO-06.0288-Part3 is an interface standard for communication between a GOS and a GCG, it might not communicate between different implementations because of the identified issues in the standard. These issues could be solved by the alternative solutions, which could be used to revise TTAK.KO-06.0288. In addition, a relevant organization should develop a program for compatibility testing and should pursue test products for smart greenhouses.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.501-509
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• 2002

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the illness intrusiveness, quality of life, and their relationships in patients with chronic liver disease. Method: Data was collected using scales of illness intrusiveness developed by Devins et al and Korean health related quality of life (KoQoLS) developed by Shim et al to measure the illness intrusiveness and quality of life from 141 chronic liver disease patients. Result: The total mean score of illness intrusiveness was $38.85{\pm}18.45$. The domain of illness intrusiveness which showed the highest mean score was health ($4.60{\pm}2.02$), and the lowest mean score domain was relationship with spouse ($20.4{\pm}1.69$). The subcategory of KoQoLS which showed the highest mean score was bodily pain ($6.96{\pm}2.98$), and the lowest mean score subcategory was vitality ($2.75{\pm}1.20$). There were negative relationships between illness intrusiveness and KoQoLS in all subcategories. Abovel all, Illness intrusiveness had the strongest negative relationship with role limitation (r=-0.641) among the KoQoLS subcategories. Conclusion: Because the illness intrusiveness had negative influence on the quality of life in patients with chronic liver disease, further research will need to specify detailed illness intrusiveness and to explore influencing factors on quality of life in them.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 2019

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of MeOH extract of the dried fruits of Amomum tsao-ko led to isolation of nine compounds (1 - 9). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D-NMR, as alpinetin (1), naringenin-5-O-methyl ether (2), naringenin (3), hesperetin (4), 2',4',6'-trihydroxy-4-methoxy chalcone (5), tsaokoin (6), boesenbergin B (7), 4-hydroxyboesenbergin B (8), and tsaokoarylone (9). Of these, compound 8 was isolated from a natural source for the first time, which was previously reported as a synthetic product. The isolated compounds (1 - 9) were tested for their inhibitory effects on LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among them, three chalcone derivatives (compounds 5, 7, and 8) and a diarylheptanoid (compound 9) exhibited significant inhibitory activity on the NO production with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 10.9 to $22.5{\mu}M$.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.959-967
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• 2008

In this paper we show the weak convergence of the linear random(multistochastic process) field generated by identically distributed 2-parameter array of associated random variables. Our result extends the result in Newman and Wright (1982) to the linear 2-parameter processes as well as the result in Kim and Ko (2003) to the 2-parameter case.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.279-291
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• 2021

Hair loss is one of the most common chronic diseases, with a detrimental effect on a patient's psychosocial life. Hair loss results from damage to the hair follicle (HF) and/or hair regeneration cycle. Various damaging factors, such as hereditary, inflammation, and aging, impair hair regeneration by inhibiting the activation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs). Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) regulates the inflammatory response and the activity of various types of stem cells, and has recently been reported to have a protective effect on hair loss. Given that stem cell activity is the driving force for hair regeneration, we hypothesized that FPR2 influences hair regeneration by mediating HFSC activity. To prove this hypothesis, we investigated the role of FPR2 in hair regeneration using Fpr2 knockout (KO) mice. Fpr2 KO mice were found to have excessive hair loss and abnormal HF structures and skin layer construction compared to wild-type (WT) mice. The levels of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and β-catenin, which promote HF regeneration, were significantly decreased, and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp)2/4, an inhibitor of the anagen phase, was significantly increased in Fpr2 KO mice compared to WT mice. The proliferation of HFSCs and DPCs was significantly lower in Fpr2 KO mice than in WT mice. These findings demonstrate that FPR2 impacts signaling molecules that regulate HF regeneration, and is involved in the proliferation of HFSCs and DPCs, exerting a protective effect on hair loss.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.461-465
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• 2015

Microglia, the resident macrophages in the central nervous system, can rapidly respond to pathological insults. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a pattern recognition receptor that plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. Although many previous studies have suggested that TLR2 contributes to microglial activation and subsequent pathogenesis following brain tissue injury, it is still unclear whether TLR2 has a role in microglia dynamics in the resting state or in immediate-early reaction to the injury in vivo. By using in vivo two-photon microscopy imaging and $Cx3cr1^{GFP/+}$ mouse line, we first monitored the motility of microglial processes (i.e. the rate of extension and retraction) in the somatosensory cortex of living TLR2-KO and WT mice; Microglial processes in TLR2-KO mice show the similar motility to that of WT mice. We further found that microglia rapidly extend their processes to the site of local tissue injury induced by a two-photon laser ablation and that such microglial response to the brain injury was similar between WT and TLR2-KO mice. These results indicate that there are no differences in the behavior of microglial processes between TLR2-KO mice and WT mice when microglia is in the resting state or encounters local injury. Thus, TLR2 might not be essential for immediate-early microglial response to brain tissue injury in vivo.