• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 1976

The experiment was made to investigate concentrations of $CO_2\;and\;O_2$ in the removal of astringency of persimmon fruits and to study the changes of total, reducing sugar and hardness during the removal of astringency. 1. During the removal of astringency of persimmon fruits, channel of tannin content showed the rapid decrease in high concentration of $CO_2$ and the gradual decrease in low concentration of $CO_2$. 2. Concentration of oxygen did not show effect on the removal of astringency at high concentration of $CO_2$ but at low concentration of $CO_2$ in Chungdo-Bansi. 3. Optimal concentration of the removal of astringency was $60{\sim}70%,\;CO_2$ and $6{\sim}8%\;O_2$ in Chungdo-Bansi and Sagoksi 4. In changes of sugar content total sugar was decreased and reducing sugar was increased.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 2017

In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can recognize the pattern regardless of the sensor position when performing EMG pattern recognition using circular EMG system equipment. Fourteen features were extracted by using the data obtained by measuring the eight channel EMG signals of six motions for 1 second. In addition, 112 features extracted from 8 channels were analyzed to perform principal component analysis, and only the data with high influence was cut out to 8 input signals. All experiments were performed using k-NN classifier and data was verified using 5-fold cross validation. When learning data in machine learning, the results vary greatly depending on what data is learned. EMG Accuracy of 99.3% was confirmed when using the learning data used in the previous studies. However, even if the position of the sensor was changed by only 22.5 degrees, it was clearly dropped to 67.28% accuracy. The accuracy of the proposed method is 98% and the accuracy of the proposed method is about 98% even if the sensor position is changed. Using these results, it is expected that the convenience of the users using the circular EMG system can be greatly increased.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.343-353
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• 1991

In order to investigate the histopathological, mechanism of Rompun-induced shock, the development of mammary carcinoma, the numerical changes and the morphological findings of the mast cells appeared in the carcinoma were microscopically observed in the rat treated with DMBA and each chemical of compound 48/80 and Rompun. Also mast cell degranulation induced by Rompun was observed with electron microscope. The results observed were summarized as follows: Tumor appeared in 100% of the animals. Tumors grew more rapidly to $10{\times}10mm$ in rats depleted of mast cells ($37.7{\pm}4.2$ days) than was observed in the control group ($42.5{\pm}4.7$ days) (p<0.005). The mean number of tumors per rat was $2.8{\pm}1.3$ in the compound 48/80- treated group in contrast to $3.4{\pm}1.3$ in the control group. No significant difference was apparent in the tumor induction time of Rompun treated group compared with the compound 48/80-treated group, but the tumor measuring at least $10{\times}10mm$ appeared more quickly in the Rompun treated group than in the control group (p<0.005). The numbers of mast cells in the control group were inclined to increase significantly according to the mammary tumor development (p<0.005). In contrast, the mast cells were fewer significantly in the compound 48/80-treated group and Rompun-treated group than in the control group (p<0.005). The numbers of mast cells in the compound 48/80-treated group and Rompun-treated group were inclined to reduce significantly according to the stages of the mammary carcinoma growth in contrast to the control group respectively. The ultrastructural morphologies of mast cells at 30 minutes after Rompun injection were appeared many normal granules in the cytoplasm, but many normal and degranulated granules were scattered along the cell membrane. And at 1 hour after Rompun injection mast cell granules were disappeared nearly or rarely seen. many long cytoplasmic projections were folded back to adhere to their own surface membrane. and mast cells resulted in a reduced size of these cells. Otherwise. compound 48/80 caused extensive degranulation of mast cells by disrupting cell membrane. but mast cell degranulation by Rompun was observed exocytosis of granules through a channel. From the above results. it is concluded that the Rompun may give rise to the dealth of animals as a shock caused by mast cell degranulation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2014

Recently, river maintenance is change due to concern for the environment increases. Thus, the river restoration and river environment is best part of river maintenance. In case of Korea, existing river is improvement straightly for flood control and transportation. When the stream channel is straightly, maintain stability is important. Thus, construction of levees along the river. The various river structures for the purpose of flood control and transportation are inhibit factors of longitudinal and lateral connectivity. Connectivity is defined as the maintenance of lateral, longitudinal, and vertical pathways for biological, hydrological, and physical processes. Long-term point of view, increased connectivity is very important for a healthy ecosystem composition. As the first step of river restoration, this study described theory and concept of river continuum and the numerical model was applied to a real topography to simulate the flow analysis with or without segregated and blocked space in the Mankyung river. The results of this study can be utilized to develop the watershed connectivity assessments methods in order to the river restoration.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.65-71
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• 2015

Purpose - Domestic cooperatives tend to increase during the establishment of cooperatives and gradually through the basic law of social needs. However, only cooperatives' qualitative grow this secured without blessings, and their quantitative growth through government support is questionable. The purpose of this study is to analyze the agricultural cooperatives established through the Distribution System Cooperatives Basic Law, which was enacted in January 2012. Subsequently, establishing agricultural cooperatives was done briskly. However, cooperatives established rapidly after the founding of the Basic Law encountered problems. Research design, data, and methodology - To assess the performance of selected agricultural cooperatives, data were analyzed using the methodological Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The AHP is a set of systematic procedures to hierarchically analyze the elements of any problem. Using a survey on expertise, a series of comparative determinations of each pair is performed to evaluate the relative strengths and the strengths of the impact between elements within the hierarchy. A survey was conducted on 10 small agricultural cooperatives using AHP analysis for the examination. The purpose of such research and analysis is to recommend a direction for future policies aimed at small agricultural cooperatives. Result - This study applied three types of policy evaluation criterion, including market expansions, organizations, and cooperative projects, and 12 types of small agricultural cooperative policy measures. Market expansion policies for agricultural cooperatives are classified into four categories: school meals, direct transactions, shopping malls, and wholesale markets. Organizational policies for agricultural cooperatives are classified into four types: existing sales channel management, education, preventing free riding, and enlarging members. Cooperative project policies in agricultural cooperatives are classified into four policy areas: cooperation between cooperatives, community contribution, joint businesses, and government links. In this paper, the growth priority in agricultural cooperative policies is analyzed by applying policy evaluation criteria on the basis of a survey on expertise. The priorities of the policy program are also analyzed using a decision analytic hierarchy process. The results indicate that market expansion is the most important policy evaluation criterion therefore, improving direct transactions, school meals, management of existing sales channels, and shopping malls are crucial policy measures. In contrast, the cooperation of cooperatives, expansion of union members, and cooperation with the government were found to have low priority. Conclusions - Agricultural cooperatives should develop plans as follows. Small agricultural cooperatives need to secure school meals and direct transactions for market expansion, restructure marketing strategies to manage existing sales channels, and, finally, increase education and training for sustainable organizational development. This study has the following limitations. Because the subject of the investigation is a new cooperative, determining its sustainable growth is difficult. Therefore, through analysis and a continuous study of cooperatives, future research is expected to show that modifying the direction of agriculture cooperatives is necessary.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-85
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• 2011

The problem of evacuating pedestrians from a room or channel under panic conditions is of obvious importance in daily life. In recent years, several computer models have been developed to simulate pedestrian dynamics. Understanding evacuation dynamics can allow for the design of more comfortable and safe pedestrian facilities. However, these models do not take into account the type and state of mind of pedestrians. They deal with pedestrians as particles and the state of mind as a social force, which is represented by conservative and long-range interactions between individuals. In this study, I used the lattice model proposed in my previous study to explore the evacuation behavior of pedestrians with morality. In this model, three types of pedestrians are considered: adults, children, and injured people. Collisions between adults and children result in injured people. When the number of injured people continuously in contact with each other reaches a given value k, the injured people are removed from the lattice space. This situation is the same as that in which pedestrians start stepping over injured people. This behavior was interpreted as the morality of pedestrians. Simulations showed that the evacuation showed down and eventually became jammed owing to the injured people acting as "obstacles" in relation to the morality k.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

Performance analyses of hybrid DS-SFH spread-spectrum systems using coherent MSK and QPSK modulation techniques are considered over Rayleigh fading channel in the presence of multi-tone jamming. The BER equations for MSK and QPSK systems with non-diversity reception in the receiver are derived as the concept of average signal-to-noise power ratio E$\_$b//N$\_$0/ and jamming-to-signal power ratio JSR, and the performances is evaluated for various system parameters. The evaluation of performance is done between fading and nonfading system, and between MSK and QPSK system. Results show that the performances of two systems are similar in low JSR. However, MSK system outperforms QPSK system as JSR increases. Overall performances of two systems are a little improved as the DS spreading gain increases for the total spread-spectrum bandwidth fixed. The performance difference between fading system and nonfading system is similar in low E$\_$b//N$\_$0/, however, it becomes very largewith increase of E$\_$b//N$\_$0/..

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

The objective of the imaging pipeline is to transform the original scene into a display image that appear similar, Generally, gamma adjustment or histogram-based method is modified to improve the contrast and detail. However, this is insufficient as the intensity and the chromaticity of illumination vary with geometric position. Thus, MSR (Multi-Scale Retinex) has been proposed. the MSR is based on a channel-independent logarithm, and it is dependent on the scale of the Gaussian filter, which varies according to input image. Therefore, after correcting the color, image quality degradations, such as halo, graying-out, and dominated color, may occur. Accordingly, this paper presents a novel color correction method using a modified image formation model in which the image is divided into three components such as global illumination, local illumination, and reflectance. The global illumination is obtained through Gaussian filtering of the original image, and the local illumination is estimated by using JND-based adaptive filter. Thereafter, the reflectance is estimated by dividing the original image by the estimated global and the local illumination to remove the influence of the illumination effects. The output image is obtained based on sRGB color representation. The experiment results show that the proposed method yields better performance of color correction over the conventional methods.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.31-37
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• 2008

Conventional cooperative communications can attain gain of spatial diversity and path loss reduction because destination node independently received same signal from source node and relay node located between source node and destination node. However, these techniques bring about decreased spectral efficiency with relay node and increased complexity of receiver by using maximal ratio combining (MRC). This paper has proposed cooperative ARQ protocol that can improve the above problems and can get the better performance. This method can increase the spectral efficiency than conventional cooperative communication because if the received signal from source node is satisfied by the destination preferentially, the destination transmits ACK message to both relay node and source node and then recovers the received signal. In addition, if ARQ message indicates NACK relay node operates selective retransmission and we can increase reliability of system compared with that of general ARQ protocol in which source node retransmits data. In the proposed protocol, the selective retransmission and ARQ message are to be determined by comparing log-likelihood ratio (LLR) computation of received signal from source node with predetermined threshold values. Therefore, this protocol don't waste redundant bandwidth with CRC code and can reduce complexity of receiver without MRC. We verified spectral efficiency and BER performance for the proposed protocol through Monte-Carlo simulation over Rayleigh fading plus AWGN.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.223-233
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• 2014

Even though the features of the products are almost identical, customers' reactions to each product are quite different depending on the brand image. The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of smart phone's brand images on customer's satisfaction and loyalty and compare the differences between user groups of the Galaxy and iPhone, two representative brands of smart phone. In order to do this, their brand images were classified into functional, symbolic and experiential brand images, and customer's loyalty was also classified into attitudinal and behavioral ones to empirically confirm the influence of those factors. The findings showed that functional and experiential brand images had a positive effect on their level of satisfaction, while symbolic brand images did not have a significant effect on it. Furthermore, it was found that the satisfaction level had a significant effect on attitudinal and behavioral loyalty, and attitudinal loyalty also had a significant effect on behavioral loyalty. Finally, a multiple group analysis of the user groups of Galaxy and iPhone determined that there was a statistically significant difference in the channel between customer satisfaction and attitudinal loyalty.