• 한국양식학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2005

암모니아는 양식 생산성을 제한하는 주요 인자로서 암모니아 배설의 정량화는 양식시스템 내 수질 관리를 위해 중요하다. 어류의 암모니아 배설은 체중과 사료내 단백질 함량에 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 본 실험에서는 나일틸라피아의 암모니아 배설에 미치는 체중과 사료 내 단백질 함량에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 세가지 크기의 나일틸라피아, 초기 평균 무게가 4.8 g, 42.7 g, 그리고 176.8 g를 대상으로 두가지 단백질 함량(30.5%와 35.5%)의 사료를 각각 어체중의 6%, 3%,그리고 1.5%공급하였다. 각 실험어는 17.1 L수조에 3반복 수용하여 실험을 수행하였다. 사료 공급 후 최대 총암모니아성 질소(total ammonia nitrogen, TAN) 배설률은 $4{\sim}8$ 시간 사이에 나타났으며, 24시간 이내로 사료 공급 이전 농도로 회복되었다. TAN 배설률$(mg\;kg^{-1}\;h^{-1})$은 어류 무게가 증가할수록 감소하였으며, 사료 내 단백질 함량이 증가할수록 증가하였다(P<0.05). 단백질 함량이 다른 두 가지 사료를 공급했을 때 나일틸라피아의 어체중(X, 습중량)에 따른 일간 TAU 배설식$(Y\;mg\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1})$은 다음과 같다. 저단백질(30.5%)실험구$(Y\;mg\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1})=955.69-147.12\;lnX\;(r^2=0.95)$, 고단백질(35.5%) 실험구$(Y\;mg\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1})=1362.41-209.79\;lnX\;(r^2=0.99)$. 섭취된 질소에 대한 TAN 배설 비율은 저단백질(30.5%) 및 고단백질(35.5%)실험 구에서 각각 $28.5{\sim}37.1%$와 $37.4{\sim}38.5%$으로 나타났으며, 이에 따른 총 질소 손실은 각각 $0.22{\sim}0.68g\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1}$과 $0.26{\sim}0.91g\;kg^{-1}\;d^{-1}$으로 고단백질 실험구와 어체중이 감소할수록 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과들은 순환여과식 나일틸라피아 양식장 내 수질 및 사육관리를 위한 중요한 자료가 될 것이다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1989

The pain, swelling of salivary glands and dry mouth are not infrequent complication of the high dose radioiodine treatment in the patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. The purpose of this study was, by the dynamic salivary scintigraphy, to observe the change of the salivary function after the high dose $(150\sim200mci)$ radioiodine treatment. From May 1987 to April 1988, the dynamic salivary scintigraphy with 5mci of $^{99m}Tc-pertechnetate$ and gamma camera was performed before and 7 days after the radiolodine treatment in 7 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Just after the dynamic scintigraphy, the stimulation test with vitamin C solution of pH3.0 and poststirnulation scintigraphy were done, and the radioactivity uptake index, excretion fraction and salivary clearance after the stimulation were calculated for each gland. There was positive correlation between the radioactivity uptake index and excretion fraction after the stimulation. The salivary clearance after the stimulation was $18.96{\pm}8.95ml/min$ in the pretreatment state, and $14.37{\pm}7.7ml/min$ after the radioioine treatment. After the radioiodine treatment, the radioactivity uptake index, excretion fraction and salivary clearance after the stimulation were significantly reduced in the parotid glands, but only the excretion fraction was reduced in the submandibular glands. The more the pretreatment salivary clearance after the stimulation was, the % change after the treatment was smaller. Further studies on the relation between the radiation dose in the salivary glands and the change of their function, and the long-term observation for the recovery of function are expected.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.277-281
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• 1996

To evaluate the renal toxicity of the antitumor agent, 5-(piperidonomethylphenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline (SDZ-62-434), rats were treated with SDZ-62-434 of 50 mg/Kg, i.p., once and 10 mg/Kg, i.p., daily for 7 days. The kidney weights and urine volume after and during the treatment were observed. The concentrations of urinary creatinine, protein, and the activities of N-acetyl-$\beta $D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 24 hr urine were also determined. The kidney weights after acute and subacute administration was not affected. The urine excretions were increased 5 days after the acute administration and increased after the daily 3rd day-administration. The excretion of creatinine was similar as that of urine excretion. The excretion of creatinine was increased 5 days after the acute and subacute administration. However, the protein excretion didn't changed in both treatment. Those indicate that SDZ-62-434 might induce the diuresis and also suggest that diuresis might be due to the some metabolites rather than the compound itself. The urinary activities of NAG and LDH were not affected after the acute treatment. However, the urinary activities of AAP and GGT were slightly increased 3 days after the acute administration but, returned to the control value. In subacute treatment, the activities of GGT was not changed. And the activities of NAG were declined after the 7th day-administration. However, the activities of AAP were significantly increased after the 5th day-administration. Furthermore, the urinary activities of LDH were continuously increased during the subacute administration. These results indicate that the high and subacute administration might induce a weak damage on the kidney cells. Furtherrnore, the present results suggest that SDZ-62-434 might have relatively slow-emerging and mild toxicity to the kidney.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.742-747
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• 2007

In order to investigate the mechanism of adaptation to long-term heat stress, six female buffalo calves of about 7 to 8 months age, were exposed to the cool-comfort environment (THI 65) for 21 days to obtain normal values of blood acid-base. An adaptive response of acid-base regulation was determined to long term (21 days) exposure of buffalo calves to hot-dry (THI 80) and hot-humid (THI 84) conditions. Higher rectal temperature and respiratory rate was recorded under hot-humid exposure compared to hot-dry. Significant reduction in the rectal temperature and respiratory rate on day 21 of hot-dry exposure indicated early thermal adaptation compared to hot-humid. Decreasing rectal temperature and respiratory rate from day 1 to 21 was associated with concurrent decrease in blood pH and pCO2. Increased plasma chloride concentration with low base excess in blood and in extracellular fluid suggested compensatory response to respiratory alkalosis. Reduced fractional excretion of sodium with increased fractional excretion of potassium and urine flow rate indicated renal adaptive response to heat stress.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.358-362
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• 1997

Metabolite identification and urinary and biliary excretion of the new fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent DW116 [1-(5-fluoro-2-pyridyl)-6-fluoro-7-(4-methyl-1 -piperazinyl)-1, 4-dihydro-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, hydrochloride] after oral administration have been studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. The excretion kinetics were monoexponential. Most of the drug was eliminated via the hepatic and renal routes. Mean renal clearance of DW116 was 73.4 ml/hr/kg and mean biliary clearance was 83.8 ml/hr/kg. The major metabolite excreted in the bile was identified as the glucuronide ester of the parent drug using base-hydrolysis of the conjugate metabolite followed by co-HPLC with standard compound, $^{19}$ F-NMR and LC-MS methods. The glucuronide conjugate was also found in urine. The mean urinary recoveries of free and total (free plus glucuronide ester) DW116 were $28.6{\pm}2.7% $and $36.4{\pm}1.8%$ of the administered dose and the corresponding biliary recoveries were $14.4{\pm} 5.5%$ and $37.0{\pm}7.6%$, respectively.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-23
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• 1980

Bromphenol blue (BPB) was studied with rabbits in normal and disease states to understand the basic principles of hepato-biliary transport process, and the effect of disease states on the drug disposition. The time course of plasma concentration and of biliary excretion was studied in normal and $CCl_4$ intoxicated rabbits. A conspicuous retention of BPB clearance from the plasma was observed, and the slope of the first-phase of plasma curve was decreased in the intoxicated rabbits. The shape of biliary excretion was same in normal and intoxicated states, but the amount of BPB excreted into bile in the intoxicated states was much smaller than in normal states. A relationship was found which enables one to predict the pattern of uptake of BPB by the liver, and the pattern of excretion into the bile in normal states, but was not in $CCl_4$ intoxicated states. It may be that the application of this experiments would extend the effect of disease states on the drug disposition.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1983

In order to elucidate the effects of Panax Ginseng on the pharmacokinetic parameters of nalidixic acid in a patho-physiological changes, the kinetics of the disappearance of the drug from the blood, appearance in the bile and urinary excretion were studied in $CCl_4-toxicated$ rabbits. The pharmacokinetics of the drug nalidixic acid in rabbits were modeled by a two compartment. Total saponin, water extract from Panax Ginseng, significantly decreased biliary and urinary excretion of nalidixic acid.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.55-59
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• 2010

FDG PET/CT 검사에서 FDG는 신장 및 요료계를 통하여 배설된다. 이 방사능의 배설을 촉진 시키는 방법을 비교 및 분석하여 각 의료기관의 실정에 맞는 방법을 선택하는데 도움을 주고자 한다. 8개월간 본원에서 PET/CT 검사를 시행한 환자 중 신장에 병적 병변이 없고 기능이 정상인 환자 총 30명을 대상으로 하였다. FDG-PET/CT 기본검사를 마친 환자들을 무작위로 10명씩 다음 세 집단으로 나눠 지연검사를 촬영하였다. (1) 1시간 대기한 집단(Delay group), (2) 수분을 약 700 mL 섭취한 후 1시간 대기한 집단(Hydration group), (3) 이뇨제를 정맥주사하고 30분 대기한 집단(Lasix group). 평가는 육안평가와 정량분석을 하였다. 육안평가는 기본검사와 비교하여 각 집단별 지연검사 영상에서 신장의 방사능 배설을 네 단계로 나누어 비교 및 분석하였다. 정량분석은 기본검사의 표준화섭취계수에서 지연검사의 표준화섭취계수의 감소율을 측정하여 신장 방사능의 배설률로 활용하였다. 육안평가상 Lasix group이 가장 배설이 잘 되었고 그 다음은 Hydration group이었다. Delay group은 효과적인 배설이 이루어지지 않았다. 정량분석 결과 신장방사능 배설률은 Delay group $9.2{\pm}20.7%$, Hydration group $28.1{\pm}22.8%$, Lasix group $29.5{\pm}23.1%$이었다. Delay group과 Hydration group간, Delay group과 Lasix group간의 배설률은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. Hydration group과 Lasix group간은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구에서 이뇨제를 사용하는 것이 신장의 방사능 배설을 촉진시키는데 가장 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 수분을 섭취하는 방법도 비슷한 효과를 보였으며 수분 섭취 없이 지연영상을 얻는 것은 효과가 없음을 확인 하였다. 이상의 방법들을 각 의료기관 실정에 맞게 적용함으로써 영상의 질 향상에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.275-279
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• 2005

High-salted mineral water (Daehan Deep Water, Korea) that is pumped up from below the sedimentary rock layer of Dadaepo, Busan, Korea has a composition similar with that of deep sea water. Under the well-being boom, the mineral water is processed for various uses including washing or oral administration. However, high concentrations of various minerals in the mineral water are suspected to affect on the physiology of human body, especially on blood pressure (BP). Here, we examined the effect of Hot Mineral(R), dried powder of the mineral water, on the change of BP. Sprague­Dawley rats were grouped and orally administered $2.5\%$ Hot Mineral(R) (group M), $2.5\%$ NaCl (group S) or normal water (group C). Excreted urine was collected in metabolic cage for 24 hours. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the group S was remarkably increased (P<0.005) compared with that of the group M and the group C, which showed little changes of the SBP during 2 weeks. While average daily sodium intake were 0.32 mg in the group C, 6.64 mg in the group M and 4.07 mg in the group S, average daily sodium excretion were 11.37 mg, 53.70 mg and 7.75 mg, respectively. These results indicate that the sodium excretion in the group M was much higher than the other two groups. In this study, we suppose that the plenty amount of minerals such as calcium, potassium and magnesium in Hot Mineral? have an effect not to increase the SBP and to prompt sodium excretion out of the body. Therefore, these results suggest that oral administration of appropriate amount of Hot Mineral(R) for limited period does not induce increased SBP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.588-596
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low doses of organic trace minerals (iron, copper, manganese, and zinc) on productive performance, egg quality, yolk and tissue mineral retention, and fecal mineral excretion of laying hens during the late laying period. Methods: A total of 405 healthy hens (HY-Line White, 50-week-old) were randomly divided into 3 treatments, with 9 replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate. The dietary treatments included feeding a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at commercial levels (CON), a basal diet + inorganic trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (ITM), and a basal diet + proteinated trace minerals at 1/3 commercial levels (TRT). The trial lasted for 56 days. Results: Compared to CON, ITM decreased (p<0.05) egg production, daily egg mass, albumen height, eggshell strength, yolk Fe concentration, serum alkaline phosphatase activity and total protein, and increased (p<0.05) egg loss and feed to egg ratio. Whereas with productive performance, egg quality, yolk mineral retention, and serum indices there were no differences (p>0.05) between CON and TRT. The concentrations of Fe and Mn in the tissue and tibia were changed notably in ITM relative to CON and TRT. Both ITM and TRT reduced (p<0.05) fecal mineral excretion compared to CON. Conclusion: These results indicate that dietary supplementation of low-dose organic trace minerals reduced fecal mineral excretion without negatively impacting hen performance and egg quality.