• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.2 s.107
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• pp.248-254
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of salinity in irrigation water on the growth, yield components, yield and grain quality of rice plant by the pot experiments. Irrigation waters were supplied with control and amended with NaCl at 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 5,000, and 7,000 ${\mu}s\;cm^{-1}$ electrical conductivity. A randomized block design was used with four replicates for each treatment and control. As increasing salt concentration, plant height, tiller number, SPAD value, dry weight, content of N, P, and K, ripened grain ratio (%), 1,000 grain weight, and protein content (%) tended to decrease, especially, significant at 3,000 ${\mu}s\;cm^{-1}$ of salt level. Grain yield decreased significantly at all treatments. The percentage of head rice slightly tended to increase as the salt concentration due to the decrease of green kernel. The percentage of green kernel was significantly lower at 3,000 ${\mu}s\;cm^{-1}$ of salt level than the control.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.633-638
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the growth of aerobic bacteria in fresh-cut salad during short-term temperature abuse ($4{\sim}30^{\circ}C$temperature for 1, 2, and 3 h) for 72 h and to develop predictive models for the growth of total viable cells (TVC) based on Predictive food microbiology (PFM). The tool that was used, Pathogen Modeling program (PMP 7.0), predicts the growth of Aeromonas hydrophila (broth Culture, aerobic) at pH 5.6, NaCl 2.5%, and sodium nitrite 150 ppm for 72 h. Linear models through linear regression analysis; DMFit program were created based on the results obtained at 5, 10, 20, and $30^{\circ}C$ for 72 h ($r^2$ >0.9). Secondary models for the growth rate and lag time, as a function of storage temperature, were developed using the polynomial model. The initial contamination level of fresh-cut salad was 5.6 log CFU/mL of TVC during 72 h storage, and the growth rate of TVC was shown to be 0.020~1.083 CFU/mL/h ($r^2$ >0.9). Also, the growth tendency of TVC was similar to that of PMP (grow rate: 0.017~0.235 CFU/mL/h; $r^2=0.994{\sim}1.000$). The predicted shelf life with PMP was 24.1~626.5 h, and the estimated shelf life of the fresh-cut salads with short-term temperature abuse was 15.6~31.1 h. The predicted shelf life was more than two times the observed one. This result indicates a 'fail safe' model. It can be taken to a ludicrous extreme by adopting a model that always predicts that a pathogenic microorganism will grow even under conditions so strict as to be actually impossible.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2005

Purpose: To improve the management of a medical linear accelerator, the records of operational failures of a Varian CL2l00C over a ten year period were retrospectively analyzed. Materials and Methods: The failures were classified according to the involved functional subunits, with each class rated Into one of three levels depending on the operational conditions. The relationships between the failure rate and working ratio and between the failure rate and outside temperature were investigated. In addition, the average life time of the main part and the operating efficiency over the last 4 years were analyzed. Results: Among the recorded failures (total 587 failures), the most frequent failure was observed in the parts related with the collimation system, including the monitor chamber, which accounted for $20\%$ of all failures. With regard to the operational conditions, 2nd level of failures, which temporally interrupted treatments, were the most frequent. Third level of failures, which interrupted treatment for more than several hours, were mostly caused by the accelerating subunit. The number of failures was increased with number of treatments and operating time. The average life-times of the Klystron and Thyratron became shorter as the working ratio increased, and were 42 and $83\%$ of the expected values, respectively. The operating efficiency was maintained at $95\%$ or higher, but this value slightly decreased. There was no significant correlation between the number of failures and the outside temperature. Conclusion: The maintenance of detailed equipment problems and failures records over a long period of time can provide good knowledge of equipment function as well as the capability of predicting future failure. Wore rigorous equipment maintenance Is required for old medical linear accelerators for the advanced avoidance of serious failure and to improve the qualify of patient treatment.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.772-781
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the proximate composition, meat color, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS), total collagen content (%), cooking loss (CL), fatty acid composition, amino acid composition, and mineral content of loin, strip loin, top round, and chuck tender Hanwoo beef and imported Australian beef. Protein content was significantly lower for strip loin and loin of Hanwoo QG $1^+$ and 1 beef when compared to that of Australian black Angus or cross beef (p < 0.05), whereas it was not significantly different for top round and chuck tender. Intramuscular fat content was higher for QG $1^+$ Hanwoo beef strip loin (15.48%) than that in Australian cross beef (8.83%) and it was also higher in loin for QG $1^+$ (17%) and 1 (15.52%) Hanwoo beef than that in Australian Angus beef (10.59%) and cross beef (9.21%) (p < 0.05). The CIE $L^*$ value was significantly higher for Australian cross beef strip loin than that of Hanwoo beef but the CIE $a^*$ value was not significantly different between the same cuts from different origins. However, CIE $b^*$ values were significantly higher for the Australian cross beef than those for four cuts of Hanwoo beef and Australian Angus beef (p < 0.05). No significant difference in WBS of loin, top round, or chuck tender was observed among the different beef sample origins except that strip loin had significant higher WBS for Australian cross beef (3.02 kg) but lower for Australian Angus beef (2.13 kg). Australian cross beef contained significantly higher palmitic acid, stearic acid, linolenic acid, but lower palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, eicosenoic acid content in strip loin, loin, and top round than those of QG $1^+$ and 1 Hanwoo beef (p < 0.05). QG $1^+$ Hanwoo beef had significant lower saturated fatty acid and higher monounsaturated fatty acid content than those in Australian cross beef (p < 0.05). Hanwoo $1^+$ beef had more glycine in top round and chuck tender, whereas Hanwoo QG 1 beef and Australian Angus beef had higher cysteine, methione, and glycine levels in strip loin and loin and valine and leucine in top round and chuck tender than the same cuts of Hanwoo $1^+$ beef (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for Ca, Fe, or Zn content among the different beef samples.