• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 1994

Total 55 patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer treated with radiation therapy at Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yeungnam University Hospital, between May-1 1986 and April-30 1993 were retrospectively analyzed by clinical characteristics, failure patterns, follow up duration and survival ratio according to prognostic factors. Obtained results were as follows : 1. Male to female ratio was 17.3 2. Sixth and seventh decades were predominant age group. 3. The patients were 8 in stage I-II, 34 in stage IIIA, 13 in stage IIIb, respectively. 4. Forty five patients out of 55 were squamous cell carcinoma. 5. Primary tumor were originated from upper lobe bronchi predominantly. 6. The size of the primary tumor, lymph node involvement and the degree of differentiation were important in evaluation of prognosis. 7. In conclusion, for patients with poor prognostic factors systemic chemotherapy and multidisciplinary approach were recommended for better treatment outcome and improvement of survival.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.702-713
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• 2009

This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of constipation, bowel habits and nutrient intakes of college students. The subjects were 353 college students (166 males and 187 females) aged 19 to 29 years in Incheon area. The subjects were asked about bowel habits and dietary intake using questionnaires during march, 2008 and the prevalence of functional constipation (FC) was based on the Rome II criteria. The prevalence of FC in male and female students was 12.7% and 28.9%, respectively. The prevalence of self-reported constipation in male and female students was 12.0% and 36.9%, respectively. Both were higher in female students compared to male students. Among the subjects that have self-reported constipation, proportions of FC were 35.0% in male students and 55.1% in female students. Of subjects that did not self-reported constipation, the proportions of FC were 9.6% in male students and 13.6% in female students. Over 90% of respondents that self-reported constipation in male students, had neither visited a hospital and nor used laxatives or functional foods for constipation relief. Seventy five point three percent of male students, and 40.1% of female students, had a defecation frequency of over 5 times per week (p < 0.001). Ratios intaken under the estimated average requirement (EAR) of Vit A, Vit C, folic acid and Ca were over the 50% regardless of functional constipation. Mean daily consumption of total dietary fiber was 15.0 g/day in male students and 13.5 g/day in female students. According to these results, both functional constipation and self-reported constipation are more frequent in female college students and further studies are required in case-control study and related to psychological factors as well as nutrients to relieve of constipation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.670-676
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• 1997

The structural failure of the glutaraldehyde-treated xenograft valves has been the primary concern about the limited durability as predicted from the begimling of clinical use, and long-term follow-up has shown a significant incidence of primary tissue failure(PTF) from both biological and mechanical reasons. Twenty-seven patients with the low-profile lonescu-Shiley valves explanted from mitral position for PTF(Group III) were studied on the patient characteristics and valve pathology, and the results were compared with the matched observations of the Haycock(Group I) and of the standard-profile lonesiu-Shiley valves(Group II). Patients were aged 16 to 56 years(mean, 38.0$\pm$ 11.0 years), and the size of the failed mitral bioprosthesis was 30.8$\pm$ 1.3 mm. The hemodynamic consequences were stenosis in 29.6%, insufficiency in 44.4%, mixed steno-insufficiency in 14.8%, together with normal function for the rest of patients of prophylactic re-replacement. Pathology revealed calcification with or without tissue damage in 63.0% and tissue damage with or without calcification in 58.l%, in contrast with the observations of predominant tissue damage(76.8%) over calcification in Group I and of calcification(76.1%) over tissue damage in group II. Although dystrophic calcification has long and repeatedly dealt with patient's young age as a determinant of valve durability, such a characteristic evidence was not reached even in patients with calcified valves. Moreover, the prolonged explantation p riods from the studied on the previous report suggested strongly yet possibly evolving destructive processes among the valves in the remaining patients, and awaits further follow-up. In conclusion, PTF of the xenograft valves seems to result from more complicated biologic and metabolic reasons as well as more complex mecharical factors than the reported, and newer generation prostheses, with tissue preservation with glutaraldehyde, do not likely to provide decisive improvement in the occurrence of structural failurebioprostheses is generally limited to the highly aged.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the lifestyle of dental consumers and their hospital satisfaction level in an attempt to lay the foundation for successful dental marketing strategy setting. The subjects in this study were 720 medical consumers who visited dental institutions in Jeolla buk-do province. A survey was conducted from October 1 to December 1, 2006, with self-administered questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) 12.0 program to find out their lifestyle and hospital satisfaction level. Concerning the impact of lifestyle on satisfaction with dental institutions, lifestyle made a difference to the satisfaction level of the hospital users with promptness and economicality(p < 0.001). As to connections between hospital-reuse intention and satisfaction level, those who were willing to reuse the dental institutions they had visited expressed better satisfaction with promptness(p < 0.05). As for links between health-related lifestyle and hospital satisfaction level, health conscious style, health promoting style health unconscious styles had a statistically significantly positive relationship to hospital satisfaction level, which showed a significant relationship between the three lifestyles and hospital satisfaction level. As for factors affecting reuse of dental institutions, it's found that their intention to reuse the same dental institution they had visited was linked to their satisfaction level with it, what made them choose it and their health-related lifestyle. In the future, more precise and in-depth questionnaires should be developed to analyze the health-related lifestyle of medical consumers.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.221-232
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• 1999

Dry matter yield and ear percent are commonly considered the most important factors for evaluating silage corn(Zea mays L.) hybrids for silage production. But quality of stover as well as forage production in important in identification of hybrids. The objective of this study was to evaluate nutritional value of stover, ear and whole plant from eight corn hybrids for silage at two dates of planting. In content of fiber components(ADF, NDF, ADL, hemicellulose and cellulose) from stover, ear and whole plant samples, optimum planting corn was lower than late planting one(P<0.01). Differences(P<0.01) in the content of fiber components in stover and whole plant were observed among the corn hybrids. Differences between different planting dates in TDN and $NE_1$ were detected in the stover and whole plant samples(P<0.05). Differences among the corn hybrids in TDN and $NE_1$ were also observed in stover, ear and whole plant samples. TDN and $NE_1$ of 'G4624', 'P3352' and 'P3394' for whole plant were higher than those of the other corn hybrids. ln vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) at optimum planting date was higher than that of late(P<0.05), and there also were significant differences among the corn hybrids. Correlation coefficients for whole plant IVDMD with NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, and cellulose were $-0.82^{**}$, $-0.71^{**}$, $-0.63^{**}$, and $-0.69^{**}$, respectively. Results of this study indicate that optimum planting of corn resulted in increased quality of silage corn. Differences among corn hybrid, particularly, in nutritive value of stover and whole plant were also observed. Therefore, the nutritional value of stover and whole plant may be important in assessing the corn hybrids for silage.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.415-424
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• 2006

This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of forest watershed factors by using the quantification theory(I) for evaluation and prediction of the failure hazard area. Present $sediment(m^3/yr/ha)$ of erosion control dams were investigated in 95 sites of erosion control dam constructed during 1986 to 1999 in Gyeongnam province. The results obtained from this study were summarized as follows; General condition of class I(Very hazard area) were as follow; Igneous rock in parent rock, coniferous in forest type, below 20year in stand age, below 30cm in soil depth, SCL in soil texture, $31{\sim}40%$ in gravel contents, $S{\sim}E$ in aspect, $2,501{\sim}3,600m$ in length of main stream, $26{\sim}30$ in number of total streams, $6,601{\sim}10,000m$ in length of total streams, over 3 in stream order, over 16 in number of first streams order and over $31^{\circ}$ of slope gradient. General condition of class IIl(hazard area) were as follow; Metamorphic rock in parent rock, hardwood in forest type, over $21{\sim}24year$ in stand age, $31{\sim}40cm$ in soil depth, SiCL or SCL in soil texture, $11{\sim}20%$ in gravel contents, $S{\sim}W$ in aspect, $1,501{\sim}2,600m$ in length of main stream, $6{\sim}10$ in number of total streams, $3,501{\sim}5,500m$ in length of total streams, 2 in stream order, $6{\sim}10$ in number of first streams order and over $31^{\circ}$ of slope gradient. General condition of class III(Un hazard area) were as follow; Sedimentary rock in parent rock, mixed in forest type, over 25year in stand age, $41{\sim}50cm$ in soil depth, SiCL in soil texture, below 10% in gravel contents, $N{\sim}W$ in aspect, below 500m in length of main stream, below 5 in number of total streams, below 1,000m in length of total treams, below 1 in stream order, below 2 in number of first streams order and below $25^{\circ}$ of slope gradient. The prediction method of suitable for failure hazard area divided into class I, II, and III for the convenience of use. The score of class I evaluated as a very hazard area was over 4.8052. A score of class II was 4.8051 to 2.5602, it was evaluated as a hazard area, and class III was below 2.5601, it was evaluated as a un hazard area.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 1989

A study was conducted to obtain acid tolerant and superior Rhizobium meliloti strain for alfalfa on hilly acid soils. With host plant, eight isolates of R, meliloti selected in the vicinity of Milyang were evaluated for their ability to establish symbiotic effectiveness in acidified tube culture medium and vermiculite pot with different urea levels. Among isolates "YA03" was characterized for the ability to manifest to acid tolerance in three different soils of which pH were 5.0, 6.0, and 7.5. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Of eight isolates "YA03" and "YA09" performed nodule in the tube medium of pH5.0, and in the symbiotic effectiveness YA03 was superior to others. 2. Alfalfa growth and $N_2-fixing$ activity by the inoculation of "YA03" isolate were better than others at the level of urea 1.25mM as well as nonurea. 3. Application of urea with inoculation of "YA03" islate to alfalfa was one of the effective factors for symbiotic effectiveness. 4. In infertile soil of pH5.0 inoculation of R. meliloti "YA03" to alfalfa caused the increase of shoot dry matter of 320% as compared to the control, and the total amount of yield was 131% as much yield in moderate fertile soil of pH7.5. Finally R. meliloti "YA03" isolate was selected as an acid tolerant strain.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 1998

To study the incidence and epidemiological factors of uterine cervical cancer in medical underserved area females, the questionnaire survey and Pap. smear for uterine cervical cancer was done on total 330 women who lived in Ullungdo from 5th to 12th August, 1998. The results were summarized as follows： The age distribution of subjects was 50s (24.5%), 60s (24.5%) and their educational level was “no schooling” (14.2%) and “elementary school” (42.7%). The first coital age of subjects was 19∼21yrs (30.0%), 16∼18yrs (13.9%) and the first pregnancy age was 22∼24yrs (36.7%) and 19∼21yrs (30.0%). The frequency of total pregnancy of subjects was over 5 times (52.1%). The frequency of total delivery was “3∼4 times” (35.5％) and “5∼6 times” (15.2％). 68.8% of subjects had experience of abortion and 80.0% of their husband were on the phimosis. 172 (52.1%) subjects had gynecological symptoms, their symptoms were leukorrhea (48.3%), pruritus (21.5%) and leukorrhea with pruritus (20.3%). 63.9% of total subjects have been received Pap. smear and the frequency of their Pap. smear was “only 1 time” (44.1 ％), “irregularly” (30.3%) and the reason of respondents who have not been received Pap. smea. was “no specific symptom” (51.3%). Among the 330 women screened there were negative (45.8%), inflammation (47.3%), trichomoniasis and candidiasis (1.8%), atypical cells (4.5%) and dysplasia (0.6%).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 1996

Purpose : A retrospective analysis for patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma who were treated with radiation was performed to assess the results of treatment and patterns of failure, and to identify the factors that might influence survival. materials and methods : From March 1985 through June 1993, 53 patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma were treated with either radiation therapy alone or combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyungpook National University Hospital. Patients' ages ranged from 31 to 73 years with a median age of 54 years. There were 47 men and 6 women, Forty-two Patients ($79.2\%$) had squamous cell carcinoma, 10 patients ($18.9\%$) had undifferentiated carcinoma and 1 patient ($19\%$) had adenoid cystic carcinoma. There were 2 patients with stage I, 12 patients with stage II, 12 Patients with stage III and 27 patients with stage IV. According to the TNM classification, patients were distributed as follows: T1 7, T2 28, T3 10, T4 7, TX 1, and N0 17, Nl 13, N2 21, N3 2. The primary tumor sites were tonsillar region in 36 patients ($67.9\%$), base of the tongue in 12 patients ($22.6\%$), and soft palate in 5 patients ($9.4\%$). Twenty-five patients were treated with radiation therapy alone and twenty-eight Patients were treated with one to three courses of chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy. Chemotherapeutic regimens used were either CF (cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil) or CVB (cisplatin, vincristine and bleomycin). Radiation therapy was delivered 180-200 cGy daily, five times a week using 6 MV X-ray with or without 8-10 MeV electron beams A tumor dose ranged from 4500 cGy to 7740 cGy with a median dose of 7100 cGy. The follow-up time ranged from 4 months to 99 months with a median of 21 months. Results : Thirty-seven patients ($69.8\%$) achieved a CR (complete response) and PR (partial response) in 16 patients ($30.2\%$) after radiation therapy. The overall survival rates were $47\%$ at 2 years and $42\%$ at 3 years, respectively. The median survival time was 23 months. Overall stage (p=0.02) and response to radiation therapy (p=0.004) were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. The 2-year disease-free survival rate was $45.5\%$. T-stage (p=0.03), N-stage (p=0.04) and overall stage (P=0.04) were significant prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Age, sex, histology, primary site of the tumor, radiation dose, combination of chemotherapy were not significantly associated with disease-free survival. Among evaluable 32 Patients with CR to radiation therapy, 12 patients were considered to have failed Among these, 8 patients failed locoregionally and 4 Patients failed distantly. Conclusion : T-stage, N-stage and overall stage were significant prognostic factors for disease-free survival in the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer Since locoregional failure was the predominant pattern of relapse, potential methods to improve locoregional control with radiation therapy should be attempted. More controlled clinical, trials should be completed before acceptance of chemotherapy as a part of treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.269-281
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• 2008

Fatigue or overload can result in mechanical problems of implant components. The mechanical strength in the implant system is dependent on several factors, such as screw and fixture diameters, material, and design of the fixture-abutment connection and abutment. In these factors, the last rules the strength and stability of the fixture-abutment assembly. There have been some previous reports on the mechanical strength of the fixture-abutment assembly with the compressive bending test or short-term cyclic loading test. However, it is restrictive to predict the long-term stability of the implant system with them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the design of the fixture-abutment connection and abutment on the mechanical strength and failure mode by conducting the endurance limit test as well as the compressive bending strength test. Tests were performed according to a specified test(ISO/FDIS 14801) in 4 fixture-abutment assemblies of the Osstem implant system: an external butt joint with Cemented abutment (group BJT), an external butt joint with Safe abutment (group BJS), an internal conical joint with Solid abutment (group CJO), and an internal conical joint with ComOcta abutment (group CJT). The following conclusions were drawn within the limitation of this study. Compressive bending strengths were decreased in order of group BJS(1392.0N), group CJO(1261.8N), group BJT(1153.2N), and group CJT(1110.2N). There were no significant differences in compressive bending strengths between group BJT and group CJT(P>.05). Endurance limits were decreased in order of group CJO(600N), group CJT(453N), group BJS(360N), and group BJT(300N). 3. Compressive bending strengths were influenced by the connection and abutment design of the implant system, however endurance limits were affected more considerably by the connection design.