• Journal of the Korean Physical Society
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• v.73 no.11
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• pp.1679-1683
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• 2018

Polycrystalline $BaSrCo_2(Fe_{1-x}Al_x)_{12}O_{22}$ (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10) samples were synthesized by polymerizable complex method. Based on the Rietveld refinement, crystal structures of the samples were found to be single-phased and determined to be rhombohedral with space group of R-3m. The hysteresis curves of the samples were measured under 15 kOe at various temperatures ranging from 4.2 and 295 K. It shows that they were not saturated with increasing Al ion contents due to the reduction of magnetic anisotropy. $M_{15kOe}$ was decreased with increasing Al ions contents. We expect that non-magnetic Al ions preferentially occupy the up-spin site of $18h_{VI}$, $3b_{VI}$, and $3a_{VI}$. The $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectra of the samples were obtained at 295 K, and analyzed with sixsextets for Fe sites corresponding to the Y-type hexaferrite crystallography sites. The <$E_Q$> shows abrupt changes, and the <$H_{hf}$> shows abrupt decreases around x = 0.05 due to the coexistence of magnetic secondary phases.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 1994

Ni base superalloys are composed of solid sohltion hardening elements(Co, Cr. Mo. W and so on) and $\gamma '$ precipitation hardening elements(A1, Ti, Nb, Ta and so on). To Improve the mechanical properties and oxidation resistanre of superalloys, rare earth elements(%r, Hf, Y and so on) are added to the inner substrate, or are used as coating materials. Their pffects on the growth rate and adhes~on of oxide are changed according to the kinds of oxides such as $AI_2O_3$ and $Cr_2O_3$. The effect of yttrium on the oxidation rate, grain size of oxide, internal structure, and crack resistance was investigated for two kinds of Ni-base superalloys. One in AF'115 superalloy containing Hf and the other is MA6000 superalloy containing $Y_2O_3$. They werr owid~zed at high temperature after yttrium surface modification using ion coater. Yttrium coating on the AF115 and MA6000 superalloys results in a marked change in the growth of the inner oxide. For AF115 superalloy, the degree of gram boundary segregation of $Cr_2O_3$, and prefer en^ tial oxidation of Hf are decreased, and the shape of inner oxidation layer was changed from triangle to plate type. For MA6000 superalloy, $Cr_2O_3$ oxide scale was transformed as outer oxidation layer of CrZOI and inner oxidation layer of $Cr_2O_3$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.447-447
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• 2012

최근 생물전자공학에서 의료 산업 환경 등 많은 분야에 응용 가능한 바이오센서의 연구가 활발해지고 있다. 그 중 의료 분야에서, 수소이온 ($H^+$)의 농도 감지는 인간의 질병을 예측하는데 중요한 지표가 되며 이러한 수소이온 ($H^+$) 농도의 변화를 실시간으로 감지하기 위해 반도체를 기반으로 한 다양한 pH 센서가 제안되었다. Ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET), electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS)는 대표적인 반도체 pH센서로, 작은 소자 크기, 견고한 구조, 빠른 응답속도와 CMOS 공정과의 호환성이 좋다는 장점이 있다. 특히, EIS는 제조공정이 간단하고 감지막의 감지 특성 평가가 용이하기 때문에 지속적으로 연구되고 있는 pH 센서이다. 센서의 감지 특성을 평가함에 있어 감지막의 감지감도와 안정성이 우수해야 하며 이를 위해 high-k 물질이 감지막으로 사용되고 있다. 추가적으로 high-k 물질은 기존의 $SiO_2$와 $Si_3N_4$를 대신하여 높은 유전상수로 인한 고성능, 고감도 센서제작을 가능케 한다. 본 연구에서는, high-k 물질인 $HfO_2$, $Ta_2O_5$, $ZrO_2$, $Al_2O_3$를 각각 $SiO_2$ 완충막에 적층한 이단 감지막을 제작하였고, 그 특성을 기존의 $SiO_2$, $Si_3N_4$ 감지막의 감지특성과 비교하였다. pH 감지 특성을 평가해 본 결과, 기존의 $SiO_2$, $Si_3N_4$ 감지막과 비교했을 때 high-k 물질의 감지막을 갖는 EIS pH 센서에서 감지감도와 안정성 모두 우수하게 나타났다. 특히, high-k 물질 중 $HfO_2$에서 감지감도가 다소 크게 평가되었으나, 화학적 용액에 대한 안정성은 떨어졌다. 반면에 $Al_2O_3$과 $Ta_2O_5$은 화학용액에 대한 안정성 측면에서 최적의 특성을 보임을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, high-k 물질에 대한 전반적인 평가를 통하여 높은 pH 감지감도뿐만 아니라 우수한 안정성의 EIS pH 센서를 제작 할 수 있었다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.727-738
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• 2007

The present study investigation the geochemical characteristics of the stream sediments in the Unbong area was conducted to enable a understanding the natural background and a prediction the prospects of geochemical disaster as a result of that bed rocks(mylonitic granites, Kim et al., 1992). We systematically collected seventy three stream sediments samples by wet sieving along the primary channels. Major, trace and rare earth element(REE) concentrations, combined with mineralogical characteristics, were determined by XRD, XRF, ICP-AES and NAA analysis methods. Major element concentrations for the stream sediments in the Unbong area were $SiO_2\;36.94{\sim}65.39wt.%,\;Al_2O_3\;10.15{\sim}21.77wt.%,\;Fe_2O_3\;3.17{\sim}10.90wt.%,\;CaO\;0.55{\sim}5.27wt.%,\;MgO\;0.52{\sim}4.94wt.%,\;K_2O\;1.38{\sim}4.54wt.%,\;Na_2O\;0.49{\sim}3.36wt.%,\;TiO_2\;0.39{\sim}1.27wt.%,\;MnO\;0.04{\sim}0.22wt.%,\;P_2O_5\;0.08{\sim}0.54wt.%$. Trace and REE concentrations for the stream sediments were $Cu\;4.8{\sim}134ppm,\;Pb\;24.2{\sim}82.5ppm,\;Sr\;95.9{\sim}739ppm,\;V\;19.9{\sim}124ppm,\;Zr\;52.9{\sim}145ppm,\;Li\;25.2{\sim}3.3ppm,\;Co\;3.87{\sim}50.0ppm,\;Cr\;17.4{\sim}234ppm,\;Hf\;3.93{\sim}25.2ppm,\;Sc\;4.60{\sim}20.6ppm,\;Th\;3.82{\sim}36.9ppm,\;Ce\;45.7{\sim}243ppm,\;Eu\;0.89{\sim}2.69ppm,\;Yb\;1.42{\sim}5.18ppm$. According to the comparison of average major element concentrations, CaO, $Na_2O\;and\;K_2O$ contents are higher in stream sediments than in bed rocks(mylonitic granites, Kim et al., 1992) $Al_2O_3\;and\;SiO_2$ contents show good correlation both stream sediments and bed rocks(mylonitic granites, Kim et al., 1992). Yb and Eu in the stream sediments show a positive correlation with $SiO_2$. In contrast, the stream sediments display a negative correlation.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2017

$Li_2SiO_3$ was used as a coating material to improve the electrochemical performance of $Li[Ni_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}]O_2$. $Li_2SiO_3$ is not only a stable oxide but also an ionic conductor and can, therefore, facilitate the movement of lithium ions at the cathode/electrolyte interface. The surface of the $Li_2SiO_3$-coated $Li[Ni_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}]O_2$ was covered with island-type $Li_2SiO_3$ particles, and the coating process did not affect the structural integrity of the $Li[Ni_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}]O_2$ powder. The $Li_2SiO_3$ coating improved the discharge capacity and rate capability; moreover, the $Li_2SiO_3$-coated electrodes showed reduced impedance values. The surface of the lithium-ion battery cathode is typically attacked by the HF-containing electrolyte, which forms an undesired surface layer that hinders the movement of lithium ions and electrons. However, the $Li_2SiO_3$ coating layer can prevent the undesired side reactions between the cathode surface and the electrolyte, thus enhancing the rate capability and discharge capacity. The thermal stability of $Li[Ni_{0.8}Co_{0.15}Al_{0.05}]O_2$ was also improved by the $Li_2SiO_3$ coating.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.298-302
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• 2023

In this paper, we discussed the effect of field plate dielectric materials such as silicon dioxide (SiO₂), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), and hafnium oxide (HfO₂) on the breakdown characteristics of β-Ga₂O₃ Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). The breakdown voltage (BV) of the SBDs with a field plate was higher than that of SBDs without a field plate. The higher dielectric constant of HfO₂ contributed to the superior reduction in electric field concentration at the Schottky junction edge from 5.4 to 2.4 MV/cm. The SBDs with HfO₂ field plate showed the highest BV of 720 V, and constant specific on-resistance (R_on,sp) of 5.6 mΩ·cm², resulting in the highest Baliga's figure-of-merit (BFOM) of 92.0 MW/cm². We also investigated the effect of dielectric thickness and field plate length on BV.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.619-623
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• 1998

The influences of reaction temperature, HF/DCM mole ratio, contact time and catalyst type on activity and selectivity of difluoromethane synthesis via hydrofluoriation of dichloromethane over fluorinated catalyst have been studied. It has been found that fluorinated $Cr/Al_2O_3$ catalysts, show better performance compared to pure fluorinated $Al_2O_3$ catalyst and then, non-treated catalysts demonstrate better than catalysts pretreated with hydrogen and air. The results show that the optimum reaction conditions are found as follows : reaction temperature at $340^{\circ}C$, mole ratio of HF/DCM 5 or above and contact time 20 sec. or above. With these conditions the maximum attainable yield of difluoromethane has been found to be greater than 80%. In particular, the activity and the selectivity of difluoromethane do not change with the reaction time on stream up to 8 hours.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2010

In this study, high-k oxide films like $Al_2O_3$, $TiO_2$, $HfO_2$ were deposited on Si, $SiO_2$/Si, GaAs wafers, and then the thermal conductivity was measured by using thermo-reflectance method which utilizes the reflectance variation of the film surface produced by the periodic temperature variation. The result shows that high-k oxide films with 50 nm thickness have high thermal conductivity of 0.80~1.29 W/(mK). Therefore, effectively dissipate the heat generated in the electric circuit such as CMOS memory device, and the heat transfer changes according to the micro grain size.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1997

The shales from the Euiseong area are interbedded along the bedding in Cretaceous Gyeongsang Supergroup, which are composed mainly of quartz, plagioclase, K-feldspar and associated with trace amount of biotite, muscovite, chlorite, pyrite, hematite, carbonate and clay minerals. The ratio of $Al_2O_3/Na_2O$ and $K_2O/Na_2O$ in shales from the Shindong Group are ranged from 9.16 to 24.32 and from 1.70 to 5.97, and the Hayang Group ranged from 2.76 to 8.89 and from 0.42 to 2.74, which are negative correlated between $K_2O/Na_2O$ and $Al_2O_3/Na_2O$ against $SiO_2/Al_2O_3$ respectively. Those are suggested that controlled of mineral compositions in shales due to substitution and migration of elements by sedimentation and diagenesis. These shale formation were deposited in basin of terrestrial environments originated from the igneous rocks, and the REE of these rocks are not influenced with diagenesis and hydrothermal alterations on the basis of $Al_2O_3$ versus La, La against Ce, Zr versus Yb, the ratios of La/Ce (0.43 to 0.62) and Th/U (1.11 to 10.71). The narrow range in trace and REE element characteristics as Co/Th (0.63 to 1.92), La/Sc (1.98 to 5.90), Sc/Th (0.58 to 1.30), V/Ni (0.90 to 3.25), Cr/V (0.45 to 1.78), Ni/Co (1.88 to 6.67) and Zr/Hf (30.04~60.87) of these shales argues for inefficient mixing of the simple source lithologies during sedimentation. These rocks also show much variation in $La_N/Yb_N$ (6.90 to 17.02), Th/Yb (4.17 to 13.68) and La/Th (1.98 to 5.90), and their origin is explained by derivation from a mixture of intermediate to acidic igneous rocks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.238-238
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• 2011

Ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET)는 용액의 이온 농도를 측정하는 반도체 센서로, 1970년 Bergveld에 의해 처음으로 제안되었다. ISFET가 제안된 이래로, 제조공정이 간단하고 감지막의 감지 특성 평가가 용이한 electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) pH센서 또한 지속적으로 연구되었다. EIS pH센서는 작은 소자 크기, 견고한 구조, 빠른 응답속도와 CMOS공정과의 호환성이 좋다는 장점이 있다. EIS 또는 ISFET 센서를 이용하여 생물학적 요소의 신호 감지 특성을 평가함에 있어 소자의 signal to noise 비율이 우수해야 한다. EIS pH센서의 높은 signal to noise 비율을 얻기 위해, 소자의 표면적을 증가시키거나 감지막으로 유전상수가 높은 물질을 사용하여 출력 특성을 향상시켜야 한다. 본 연구에서는 trench구조와 SiO2/HfO2/Al2O3 (OHA) 적층 감지막을 갖는 EIS pH센서를 제작하여 출력 특성을 증가시키는 실험을 실시하였다. 120 nm, 380 nm, 780 nm의 다양한 깊이를 가진 trench를 형성하였으며, trench 깊이에 따른 출력특성을 비교하였다. 또한, 제작된 EIS 소자의 pH감지 특성을 분석하였다. 제작된 EIS소자의 감지막 중 SiO2는 Si와 high-k물질의 계면 상태를 보완하기 위한 완충막으로 성장되었고, HfO2는 높은 유전상수를 가지고 있어 signal to noise 비율을 향상시키는 물질로 증착되었다. 최종적으로 Al2O3는 pH용액과의 화학적 손상을 막기 위한 물질로 증착되었다. 실험 결과, trench 깊이가 깊어질수록 출력값이 증가하였고 이는 signal to noise 비율이 향상되는 것을 의미한다. 결론적으로 trench 형성을 통한 표면적 증가와 high-k물질을 적층한 감지막으로 인해 높은 출력 특성을 갖는 우수한 EIS 바이오센서를 제작할 수 있었다.