• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2009

Measurement of hemoglobin A1c is used as an objective indicator of long-term blood glucose control in diabetic patients. We evaluated recently introduced Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c (Daiichi Pure Chemical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) test reagent using enzyme method for HbA1c assay. Linearity, precision and correlation with VARIANT$^{TM}$ II Turbo HbA1c analyzer (BIO-RAD, Hercules, CA, USA) were evaluated. The reference range was determined from 201 healthy subjects. The Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c test reagent was founded to be linear in a range of 5.6% to 14.0% ($r^2=0.9885$). The within-run and between-day precision were 0.954% and 1.03% for low level (HbA1c 5.24%), 0.67% and 1.28% for high level (HbA1c 9.01%), respectively. Comparison study between Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c test reagent and VARIANT$^{TM}$ II Turbo showed good correlation with a slope of 1.0489. an intercept at -0.9717, and coefficient of correlation was 0.9907. The reference range of HbA1c obtained from this reagent was 4.07-5.50%. The Norudia$^{(R)}$ HbA1c test reagent showed good linearity, precision and correlation with HbA1c analyzer with HPLC method. In addition, the exclusive analyzer is not required for assay and then this kit may be useful for HbA1c assay in clinical laboratory.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.114-123
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• 2021

Purpose: This retrospective cohort study aimed to assess the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with both type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Methods: The intervention cohort (IC) comprised 133 patients with type 2 diabetes who received nonsurgical periodontal treatment, while the matching cohort (MC) included 4787 patients with type 2 diabetes who visited the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Asan Medical Center. The patients in each cohort were divided into 3 groups according to their baseline HbA1c level: subgroup 1, HbA1c <7%; subgroup 2, 7%≤ HbA1c <9%; and subgroup 3, HbA1c ≥9%. Changes in HbA1c levels from baseline to 6 and 12 months were analyzed. In addition, the association between changes in HbA1c levels and the number of periodontal maintenance visits was investigated. Results: There were no statistically significant changes in HbA1c levels in the IC and MC or their subgroups when evaluated with repeated-measures analysis of variance. However, the IC showed maintenance of baseline HbA1c levels, while the MC had a trend for HbA1c levels to steadily increase as shown by pairwise comparisons (baseline to 6 months and baseline to 12 months). IC subgroup 1 also maintained steady HbA1c levels from 6 months to 12 months, whereas MC subgroup 1 presented a steady increase during the same period. The number of periodontal maintenance visits had no association with changes in HbA1c levels during the 1-year study duration. Conclusions: For patients with both type 2 diabetes and periodontitis, nonsurgical periodontal treatment and periodontal maintenance may help to control HbA1c levels.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.125-128
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• 2010

HbA1c test measures the amount of glycated hemoglobin in blood. HbA1c shows the average of blood glucose levels for the past three months, this is a better indicator of how overall diabetes is doing. HbA1c gives a much better idea of how the body is breaking down the glucose. Therefore, this HbA1c is very important tool for maintaining normal glucose levels for pre-and diabetic patients. Total 408 participants were tested HbA1c voluntarily from Chosunilbo Health Expo (8th~11th, July 2010). Through this small-scaled direct HbA1c, about 54.7% (207 out of 408) was shown glucose tolerance and diabetes. However, 61 from 157 participants who were shown under 6.9% HbA1c (normal and pre-diabetic stage) are taking only antidiabetic drugs to maintain a normal blood glucose. Regular HbA1c test can bring an important management and awareness about controlling blood sugar level and prevention of diabetic complications.

• Laboratory Medicine Online
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2012

배경: HbA_1c의 측정은 최근 6-8주간의 혈당조절을 평가하고 당뇨를 진단하기 위해 사용되고 있다. 최근 라텍스 면역비탁법을 사용하는 HbA_1c 측정법이 개발되어 분석 능력과 임상검사실에서의 유용성을 평가하였다. 방법: 2009년 4월부터 7월까지 TBA-200FR에 Autolab HbA_1c을 장착하여 CLSI guideline (EP5-A2, EP6-P, EP9-A2)에 따라 직선성, 정밀도, 상관성을 평가하였다. 결과: Autolab HbA_1c는 고농도(15.1%)와 저농도(3.1%)의 검체의 혼합에서 r²=0.9997의 높은 직선성을 보였다. 12.1%의 경우 검사 일내 정밀도와 검사 일간 정밀도의 표준편차는 각각 0.06, 0.12였고 변이계수는 0.5%, 1.0%였다. 5.1%의 경우 각각 표준편차는 0.04, 0.09이었고 변이계수는 0.8%, 1.6%이었다. 비교식은 Autolab HbA_1c=1.0859×HPLC-0.6957이었다. 결론: 본 연구에서 Autolab HbA_1c는 Tosoh G7과 비교하여 좋은 수행능력을 보였다. 문헌고찰에서 변이형 혈색소에 따른 간섭은 없는 것으로 알려졌다. Tosoh G7에 비해 결과획득시간은 지연되는 단점이 있지만 Autolab HbA_1c의 장점은 일반 화학분석기에 적용이 가능하고 검체의 전처리가 필요없으며 증류수를 사용하여 자동적으로 용혈과정이 이루어진다는 점이다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2011

Glycated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$) is a most preferably used baseline of diabetes, implicating average blood glucose levels over a 2-3 month period of time. Recently the American Diabetes Association has recommended the $HbA_{1c}$ assay as one of the criteria for diabetes. Although some studies provide data with "estimated average glucose", by converting the $HbA_{1c}$ results from simple linear regression, the results are not applicable to whole diabetes. We compared the relationship between $HbA_{1c}$ and estimated average glucose by anemia degree of diabetic patients in Korea. The data from the 2008~2009 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. Analysis was done for 1,257 diabetes subjects with $HbA_{1c}$ results. The distribution of subjects was 34.1% in 60's, 25.9% in 70's, 21,6% in 50's, showing that there was more than 80% in over 50's. To take a close look of the differences depending on the anemic degree, we applied WHO criteria (hemoglobin<13.0 in men and hemoglobin<12.0 in women) and divided anemia degree. The regression equation for A1c and estimated average glucose was $eAG_{mg/dL}=24.3{\times}A1c-32.0$ ($R^2=0.54$, p<0.001) in all subjects, $eAG_{mg/dL}=33.1{\times}A1c-96.1$ ($R^2=0.52$, p<0.001) in slight anemia ($11.0{\leq}$Hb<13.0 in men, $10.0{\leq}$Hb<12.0 in women), and $eAG_{mg/dL}=13.5{\times}A1c+34.9$ ($R^2=0.12$, p =0.075) in moderate anemia (Hb<11.0 in men, Hb<10.0 in women). The regression was not significant in moderate anemia. The relationship between HbA1c and eAG was lower correlation than ADAG study, and eAG showed lower value in all ranges among $HbA_{1c}$ 5~13%. Such as a korea where, there are many diabetic patients among the old aged and higher prevalence rate of anemia, we should be extra careful when we reflect eAG using $HbA_{1c}$ and need to establish criteria which can be applicable to koreans.

• 센서학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to classify the concentration of HbA1c (glycosylated hemoglobin), which is an indicator in the management of accurate blood glucose level in diabetic patients, using a non-invasive optical property measurement method. To measure the optical properties of HbA1c, the optical source uses LEDs and laser diodes of 400 nm in the visible region and 1450 nm in the nearinfrared region using thermopile to detect the Raman scattering intensity. An HbA1c control solution was used. As a result, the optical properties of 5% (normal) and 9% (abnormal) HbA1c control solutions showed specificity in which the output values were reversed at 850 nm and 950 nm, respectively. This property was applied to distinguish between normal and abnormal values in diabetes. In addition, considering tissue penetration depths for non-invasive measurements, two wavelengths were determined to be effective in distinguishing the concentrations of HbA1c control solutions at 5%, 7%, and 9%.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.52-56
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• 2014

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is used as an index of mean glycemia over prolonged periods. This study describes an optimization of enzyme digestion conditions for quantification of non-glycated hemoglobin (HbA0) and HbA1c as diagnostic markers of diabetes mellitus. Both HbA0 and HbA1c were quantitatively determined followed by enzyme digestion using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC-MS/MS) with synthesized N-terminal hexapeptides as standards and synthesized isotope labeled hexapeptides as internal standards. Prior to quantification, each peptide was additionally quantified by amino acid composition analysis using ID-LC-MS/MS via acid hydrolysis. Each parameter was considered strictly as a means to improve digestion efficiency and repeatability. Digestion of hemoglobin was optimized when using 100 mM ammonium acetate (pH 4.2) and a Glu-C-to-HbA1c ratio of 1:50 at $37^{\circ}C$ for 20 h. Quantification was satisfactorily reproducible with a 2.6% relative standard deviation. These conditions were recommended for a primary reference method of HbA1c quantification and for the certification of HbA1c reference material.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.422-428
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• 1999

Alcaligenes latus 유래의 phbC 유전자를 A. eutrophus에 재도입시킨 형질전환균주를 이용하여 높은 4HB 몰분율을 갖는 P(3HB-4HB)의 고농도 생산을 시도하였다. 형질전환균주는 총균체량, P(3HB-4HB) 농도, 그리고 축적률에서 모균주에 비해 다소 증가한 반면 P(3HB-4HB)내의 4HB 몰분율은 23.5 mol%로 모균주의 12.3 mol%에 비해 현저히 증가하였다. 이는 phbC유전자의 증폭으로 인해 해당과정에서 생성된 3HB와 전구물질인 ${\gamma}$-butyrolacton에서 전환된 4HB의 중합반응이 촉진되기 때문으로 사료된다. 또한 ${\gamma}$-butyrolacton의 농도 $Mg^{2-}$ 이온, 그리고 citrate 첨가량이 P(3HB-4HB)의 농도, 축적률, 그리고 4HB 몰분율에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. P(3HB-4HB)내의 4HB 몰분율을 증대시키기 위하여 일반적으로 사용되는 2단계 배양법을 변형시켜 ${\gamma}$-butyrolacton과 citrate의 첨가시기를 늦춘 2단계 배양법을 활용하여 P(3HB-4HB)내의 4HB 몰분율을 61.0 mol%로 증가시킬 수 있었다. 또한 ${\gamma}$-butyrolacton의 첨가량을 조절하여 P(3HB-4HB)내의 4HB 몰분율이 92.0 mol%에 이르는 homopolymeric P(4HB)를 생산할 수 있었으며, 그 구조를 $^1$H-NMR을 통해 확인하였다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.112-123
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• 2013

HbA1c was recently adopted as a reliable indicator for screening diabetes. This study investigated the ability of nutrition consultation to prevent diabetes in overweight women (BMI 23 $kg/m^2$ or more) using HbA1c as an indicator. Twenty overweight and obese women (with $HbA1c{\geq}5.7$%) completed the 12-week nutritional study, with individual and personalized nutrition counseling performed every 2 weeks. The main study guidelines involved the following: 1) reducing the intake of high fat foods and alcohol, 2) consuming a large amount of vegetables, 3) reducing the intake of simple sugars and empty-calorie foods, and 4) increasing physical activity to ${\geq}30$ min/day. Anthropometric (height, weight, BMI, body muscle (kg), body fat (%), waist and hip circumference, blood pressure) and biochemical parameters (fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, lipid profiles, hs-CRP) were measured before and after the nutrition consultation. After 12 weeks, the HbA1c<5.7% group had significant decreases in BMI, WC, HC, WHR, HbA1c, hs-CRP and also dietary intake of energy (P<0.01), carbohydrates, lipids (P<0.01), proteins (P<0.01) and cholesterol was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In the HbA1c ${\geq}5.7$% group, HbA1c, TC, LDL, NON-HDL, hs-CRP and dietary intake of energy, carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and cholesterol significantly decreased (P<0.05). These results suggest that nutrition consultation effectively helps to prevent diabetes in overweight and obese women after applying HbA1c standards. Overall, the improvement in all markers measured suggest that HbA1c is a good indicator for blood glucose regulation, helping to prevent diabetes.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2009

HbA1c is the major fraction of glycated hemoglobin, and used primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time, mostly 2-3 months. It is used as markers for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic patients and increasingly used a marker in health screening check up for general populations. In this study, HbA1c was measured with Cobas integra 800 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), using immunoturbidimetry principles. We established the reference interval for HbA1c with Cobas integra 800 and evaluated its significance. The study subjects were 36,140 (male 57.5%, and female 42.2%) who visited the Health Promotion Center of a tertiary care center in Seoul for health checkup from January to September, 2008. HbA1c levels were measured with immunoturbidimetric method. Statistical evaluation was done with SPSS. Comparison between male and female was checked with Mann-Whitney test, and among age groups with Kruskal-Wallis test. Reference interval for HbA1c was from 4.8% to 6.1%. There was no significant difference between male and female with Mann-Whitney test (P=0.539). There was significant difference among age groups with Kruskal-Wallis test (P<0.05). Reference interval for HbA1c with Cobas integra 800 was 4.8~6.1%, which was different from conventional one, 4.4-6.4%. Establishment of reference interval for each principle is needed.