• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.121-129
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• 1997

This study was performed to delineate the removal phenol in solutions using of ozone, ozone/$H_2O_2$ and ozone/GAC. The disinfection by-product of phenol by ozonation, hydroquinone, was analyzed and it's control process was investigated. The followings are the conclusions that were derived from this study. 1. The removal efficiency of phenol by ozonation was 58.37%, 48.34%, 42.15%, and 35.41% which the initial concentration of phenol was 5 mg/l, 10 mg/l, 15 mg/l, and 20 mg/l, respectively. 2. The removal efficiency of phenol by ozonation was 42.95% at pH 4.0 and 69.39% at pH 10, respectively. The removal efficiencies were gradually increased, as pH values were increased. 3. With the ozone/$H_2O_2$ combined system, the removal efficiency of phenol was 72.87%. It showed a more complete degradation of phenol with ozone/$H_2O_2$ compared with ozone alone. 4. When ozonation was followed by filtration on GAC, phenol was completely removed. 5. Oxidation, if carried to completion, truly destroys the organic compounds, converting them to carbon dioxide. Unless reaction completely processed, disinfection by-products would be produced. To remove them, ozone/GAC treatment was used. The results showed that disinfection by-product of phenol by ozonation, hydroquinone, was completely removed. These results suggested that ozone/GAC should also be an appropriate way to remove phenol and its by-product.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2000

Fenton’s oxidation process is one of the most commonly applied processes to the wastewater which cannot be treated by conventional biological treatment processes. However, it is necessary to minimize the cost of Fenton’s oxidation treatment by modifying the treatment processes or other means of chemical treatment. So, as a method for the chemical oxidation of biorefractory or nonbiodegradable organic pollutants, the Photo-Fenton-Reaction which utilizes iron(11)salt. $H_2O$$_2$ and UV-light simultaneously has been proprosed. Therfore, the purpose of this study is to test a removal efficiency of dye-wastewater and treatment cost with Fenton’s and Photo-Fenton’s oxidation process. The Fe(11)/$H_2O$$_2$ reagent is referred to as the fenton’s reagent. which produces hydroxy radicals by the interaction of Fe(11) with $H_2O$$_2$. In this exoeriment, the main results are as followed; 1. The Fenton oxidation was most efficient in the pH range of 3-5. The optimal condition for initial reaction pH was 3.5 for the high CO $D_{Cr}$ & TOC-removal efficiency. 2. The removal efficiency of TOC and CO $D_{Cr}$ increased up to the molar ration between ferrate and hydrogen peroxide 0.2:1, but above that ratio removal efficiency hardly increased. 3. The highest removal efficiency of TOC and CO $D_{Cr}$ were showed when the mole ration of ferrate to hydrogen peroxide was 0.2:3.4. 4. Without pretreatment process, photo-fenton oxidation which was not absorbed UV light was not different to fenton oxidation. 5. And Fenton oxidtion with pretreatment process was similar to Fenton oxidation in the absence of coagulation, the proper dosage of F $e^{2+}$: $H_2O$$_2$ was 0.2:1 for the optimal removal efficiency of TOC or CO $D_{Cr}$ .6. Also, TOC & CO $D_{Cr}$ removal efficiency in the photo-fenton oxidation with pretreatment was increased when UV light intensity enhanced.7. Optimum light intensity in the range from 0 to 1200 W/$m^2$ showed that UV-intensity with 1200W/$m^2$ was the optimum condition, when F $e_{2+}$:$H_2O$$_2$ ratio for the highest decomposition was 0.2:2.5.EX>$_2$ ratio for the highest decomposition was 0.2:2.5.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.979-983
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• 2009

The mean pH of wastewater discharged from the plating process is 2, so a less amount of alkali is required to raise pH 2 to 5. In addition, if sodium sulfite is used to raise pH 5 to 9 in the secondary treatment, caustic soda or slaked lime is not necessary or only a small amount is necessary because sodium sulfite is alkali. Thus, it is considered desirable to use only $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ in the primary treatment. At that time, the free cyanide removal rate was highest as around 99.3%, and among heavy metals, Ni showed the highest removal rate as around 92%, but zinc and chrome showed a low removal rate. In addition, the optimal amount of $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ was 0.3g/L, at which the cyanide removal rate was highest. Besides, the free cyanide removal rate was highest when pH value was 5. Of cyanide removed in the primary treatment, the largest part was removed through the precipitation of ferric ferrocyanide: $[Fe_4(Fe(CN)_6]_3$, and the rest was precipitated and removed through the production of $Cu_2[Fe(CN)_6]$, $Ni_2[Fe(CN)_6]$, CuCN, etc. Furthermore, it appeared more effective in removing residual cyanide in wastewater to mix $Na_2SO_3$ and $Na_2S_2O_5$ at an optimal ratio and put the mixture than to put them separately, and the optimal weight ratio of $Na_2SO_3$ to $Na_2S_2O_5$ was 1:2, at which the oxidative decomposition of residual cyanide was the most active. However, further research is required on the simultaneous removal of heavy metals such as chrome and zinc.

• 청정기술
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.304-310
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• 2020

다양한 건축재료에 광촉매(TiO2)를 적용하기 위하여 TiO2-mayenite를 제조하였다. TiO2는 졸-겔법을 사용하여 titanium isopropoxide (TTIP)와 urea를 1:1의 비율로 고정하여 합성하였다. 그 후 온도범위 400 - 700 ℃로 소성하여 온도에 따른 특성을 분석하였다. TiO2의 물리 및 화학적 특성은 BET, TGA 그리고 XRD를 통해 분석되었다. 질소산화물 제거 실험은 KS L ISO 22197-1에 의거하여 1 시간 동안의 NO의 농도변화를 측정하여 확인하였다. 제조된 입자들은 600 ℃ 이하에서 아나타제 결정구조를 나타내었고, TiO2 (urea)-400에서 2.35 µmol h-1의 가장 높은 질소산화물 제거율을 나타내었다. TiO2-mayenite는 TiO2 분산 용액을 스프레이하는 방법(s/s)과 졸-겔 상태의 용액을 스프레이 하는 방법(g/s)으로 제조하였다. BET와 XRD 분석을 통하여, 제조된 TiO2-mayenite는 졸-겔 상태의 용액을 스프레이 하여 제조한 5-TiO2 (g/s) 입자가 열처리에도 결정구조를 유지하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 질소산화물 제거 실험에서도 5-TiO2 (g/s)-500 입자에서 0.55 µmol h-1의 가장 높은 제거율을 나타내었다. 결론적으로 TiO2-mayenite를 제조하기 위하여 TiO2는 졸-겔 상태에서 mayenite에 결합시켜야 결정구조를 유지하며, 높은 질소산화물 제거 능력을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1528-1530
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• 1997

As device size shrinks, contamination will increasingly affect the reliability and yield of device. Therefore, contaminants must be removed from the surfaces of Si wafers prior to each process. But it becomes out increasingly difficult to clean silicon surfaces with finer patterns by the conventional wet treatment because of the viscosity and surface tension of solutions. Hence, a damage less dry cleaning process is needed for the silicon surfaces. For the removal of Si native oxide by UV-enhanced dry cleaning. $F_2$ gas and $F_2/H_2$ mixed gas were applied. As a result of analysis, UV-enhnaced $F_2/H_2$ treatment is more suitable than UV-enhanced $F_2$ treatment for removal of native oxide on the surfaces of Si wafers.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권8호
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• pp.873-877
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• 2004

This study was designed to determine the optimum conditions of three different factors (mixing time, mixing temperature, and tube size) in reduction of cholesterol in milk using immobilized $\beta$-CD beads. Immobilized $\beta$-CD glass beads were prepared at different conditions of silaniza-tion and $\beta$-CD immobilization reactions. In result, the glass beads (diameter 1 mm) at 20 mM 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane and 30 mM $\beta$-CD without base showed the highest choles-terol removal rate as 41%. Using above immobilized $\beta$-CD glass beads, the cholesterol removal rate was 40.2% with 6 h of mixing time in 7 mm diameter tube at $10^{\circ}C$. After choles-terol removal from milk, the glass beads were washed for cholesterol dissociation and reused. In recycling study, the cholesterol removal rate was 41%, which was mostly same as that using new glass beads. These results indicated that cholesterol removal rate was about 40% with $\beta$-CD immobilized glass beads, however, the recycling efficiency was almost 100%.

• 에너지공학
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2016

신흥 선진국들의 급격한 에너지소비 증가와 청정에너지 자원의 고갈로 인해 현재 개발 단가가 높은 미개발 오일 가스 저유지를 개발하고 있는데 이들 오일 가스전은 다량의 부식성 황 화합물($H_2S$)과 $CO_2$, 부탄, 메르캅탄(mercaptan)등을 함유하고 있다. $H_2S$ 가스는 인체에 치명적인 영향을 미치는 독성가스 중 하나이며, $CO_2$ 가스는 지구 온난화에 영향을 가장 많이 미치고 있는 온실가스 중 하나이다. 이러한 유전과 가스전 개발에는 특수 장비와 작업을 안전하게 할 수 있는 고도의 기술력이 필수적이기 때문에 선진국들은 $H_2S/CO_2$ 가스를 함유하고 있는 사워가스/산성가스 처리와 제거기술을 개발하고 있다. 가스전의 가스(raw gas) 처리기술은 저유지의 특성 및 가스에 함유된 $H_2S$의 구성요소들에 의해 좌우된다. 여기서는 많은 양의 황산을 함유하고 있는 오일과 가스에 대한 효율적인 처리 및 처리 비용 그리고 분리장치 기술 및 생산시스템에 관한 문제에 대해서 서술하고자 한다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2019

This work experimentally determined the effect of microaerobic condition on anaerobic digestion of thickened waste activated sludge in semi-continuous mesophilic digesters at hydraulic retention time of 20 days. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide was $7{\pm}2ppm$ at the microaerobic condition and $14{\pm}2ppm$ at the anaerobic condition. Removal efficiency of volatile solid was not significantly different between microaerobic ($40{\pm}8%$) and anaerobic ($38{\pm}8%$) conditions. There was no important difference between microaerobic ($1,352{\pm}98ml/d$) and anaerobic ($1,362{\pm}104ml/d$) conditions in the biogas production, either. Therefore, it could be concluded that the application of the microaerobic condition was an efficient method of the hydrogen sulfide removal from the biogas.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2011

UV-C와 -B type의 lamp를 이용한 혼합 자외선(UV)조사의 조사시간, 조사온도 및 광 촉매제인 $H_2O_2$의 분사농도변화를 이용하여 감귤껍질에 부착되어있는 농약을 제거하기 위한 공정의 최적화를 이루고자 하였다. Chloropyrifos에 대한 독립변수들의 영향력은 조사온도가 가장 컸으며 그 다음 조사시간, $H_2O_2$ 분사농도 순 이었다. Methidathion은 조사시간이 가장 컸으며 조사온도, $H_2O_2$ 분사농도 순으로 나타났다. EPN은 조사온도와 조사시간이 비슷하게 나타났고 $H_2O_2$ 분사농도가 가장 작았다. UV감귤껍질의 농약 잔존량이 가장 작게 나타난 처리조건으로 chloropyrifos와 EPN에 대한 최적조건으로는 조사시간 60분, 조사온도 $45^{\circ}C$, $H_2O_2$ 분사농도 1000 ppm으로 나타났다. 반면에 methidathion의 경우에는 최적조건으로는 조사시간 60분, 조사온도 $40^{\circ}C$, $H_2O_2$ 분사농도 1000 ppm으로 나타났다. 최적공정조건에서 chloropyrifos, methidathion 및 EPN의 잔존 량은 조사 전의 각각 46, 49 및 28% 수준이었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.565-570
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• 2017

흡연으로 발생되는 담배연기는 주류 연기와 비주류 연기로 구분된다. 담배연기 중 실내로 확산되는 연기의 대부분은 비주류 연기이며, 비주류 연기의 유해물질 농도는 주류 연기의 농도보다 2~3배 높다. 본 연구에서는 $TiO_2$ 광촉매의 doping 성분에 따른 비주류 담배연기 내의 CO, $H_2S$, $NH_3$, HCHO의 제거 효율을 확인하고자 하였다. 실험 결과, CO가 최대 78.37% 제거되었으며, $TiO_2$ 광촉매 공정이 CO 제거에 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 CO, $H_2S$, HCHO의 제거에 있어서 $TiO_2$ 광촉매에 doping된 O, Si 성분에 의해 영향을 크게 받는다. 결론적으로, doping된 O, Si 성분이 많을수록 유해물질 제거효율이 높다.