• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2014

The protective effects of Red Ginseng on liver damage induced by linac X-ray and paraquat were investigated. To one group of ICR male mice were given in Red Ginseng(200mg/kg/day for 7days, orally) before 5Gy(1.01Gy/min) dose of linac X-ray irradiation. To another group were given in Red Ginseng (200mg/kg/day for 7days, orally) before paraquat(30mg/kg/day, orally) was Radiation irradiation group were given with saline(0.1ml) and 5Gy. Contrast group were given with saline(0.1ml). The levels of H2O2, catalase and MDA in liver tissue were measured. In Red Ginseng to paraquat(RG+PQ) group and Red Ginseng(RG+Rad) group than irradiation group(Rad), the catalase level were significantly increased, and the catalase levels were appeared at radiation protection. The Red Ginseng was significantly decreased to MDA and H2O2 level to paraquat(RG+PQ) group and Red Ginseng(RG+Rad) group than irradiation group(Rad). Therefore, Red Ginseng was very excellent protector on radiation and paraquat of liver in mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.223-231
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• 2016

The effects of White Ginseng and Fermented Ginseng on liver damage induced by $^{60}Co$ r-ray irradiation were investigated. To one group of ICR male mice were given in White Ginseng(150 mg/kg/day for 7days, orally) before 5Gy(1.01Gy/min) dose of $^{60}Co$ r-ray irradiation. To another group were given in Fermented Ginseng (150 mg/kg/day for 7days, orally)before 5Gy(1.01Gy/min)dose of $^{60}Co$ r-ray irradiation was investigated. Radiation irradiation group were given with saline(0.1 ml) and 5Gy. Contrast group were given with saline(0.1 ml). The levels of $H_2O_2$, catalase and MDA in liver tissue were measured. In Fermented Ginseng (FG+Rad) group and white Ginseng(WG+Rad) group than irradiation group(Rad), the catalase level were significantly increased, and the catalase levels were appeaWhite at radiation protection. It was significantly decreased to MDA and $H_2O_2$ level to Fermented Ginseng (FG+Rad) group and white Ginseng(WG+Rad) group than irradiation group(Rad). Therefore, Fermented Ginseng and white Ginseng were very excellent protector on radiation of liver in mice.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1 s.34
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• pp.1-11
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• 1984

The present study was performed to determine oxygen metabolites involved in cell-free MPO/$H_2O_2/Cl^-$ system by observing the effects of their scavengers on NADH oxidation and ethylene production from methional by the action of MPO prepared from human leukocytes. It was clearly demonstrated that NADH was oxidized by the cell-free MPO/$H_2O_2/Cl^-$ system as evidenced by complete inhibition of the oxidation of the substrate in the presence of eiher azide or catalase, or by omitting $Cl^-$. The MPO-mediated oxidation of NADH was completely abolished by a $^1O_2$ quencher, DABCO but not by $OH{\cdot}$ scavengers, mannitol, benzoate, formate and methanol. In ethylene assay, no ethylene was detected from methional in the MPO/$H_2O_2/Cl^-$ system with evident production of the gas by xanthine-oxidase and $Cu^{++}-H_2O_2$ systems which are suggested to generate $OH{\cdot}$. From the results obtained, it is concluded that $^1O_2$ is a major mediator with exclusion of $OH{\cdot}$ involvement in the cell-free MPO-mediated oxidation.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.345-353
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• 1995

${\beta}-Carboline$ alkaloids including harmaline have been shown to inhibit enzymatically or nonenzymatically induced-lipid peroxidation of microsomes. This study was done to explore the antioxidant ability of harmaline and harmalol on the oxidative injuries of hyaluronic acid, lipid and collagen by $Fe^{2+}$ and $H_2O_2$. Their scavenging actions on reactive oxygen species were also examined. Harmaline, harmalol, superoxide dismutase, catalase and DMSO inhibited both degradation of hyaluronic acid by $Fe^{2+}$ and $H_2O_2$ and lipid peroxidation of microsomes by $Fe^{2+}$. In these reactions, DABCO inhibited degradation of hyaluronic acid but did not affect lipid peroxidation. ${\beta}-Carbolines$ inhibited degradation of cartilage collagen by $Fe^{2+}$, $H_2O_2$ and ascorbic acid. The reduction of ferricytochrome c due to autoxidation of $Fe^{2+}$, which is inhibited by superoxide dismutase, was not affected by harmaline and harmalol. They also did not have a decomposing action on $H_2O_2$. Hydroxyl radical production in the presence of $Fe^{2+}$ and $H_2O_2$ was inhibited by harmaline, harmalol and DMSO. Harmaline and harmalol may inhibit the oxidative injuries of hyaluronic acid, lipid and cartilage collagen by $Fe^{2+}$ and $H_2O_2$ through their scavenging actions on reactive oxygen species, OH and probably iron-oxygen complexes and exert antioxidant abilities.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.101-110
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• 1987

This study was investigated and analyzed the physiological reaction mechanisms and the factors of the chlorophyll bleaching phenomenon on leaf burning-disease of the Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Chlorophyll bleaching phenomenon was mainly caused by the photooxidation of singlet oxygen and the autooxidation of hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$) accumulation resulted from inactivation of catalase and peroxidase. Chlorophyll bleaching phenomenon was remarkably accelerated by addition of saponin.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 1998

Ambroxol is thought to have antioxidant ability and some antiinflammatory effect. Effect of ambroxol on the oxidative damages of lipid, collagen and hyaluronic acid was examined. F $e_{2+}$(10 $\mu$M) and 100$\mu$Mascorbate-induced lipid peroxidation of liver microsomes was inhibited by 10 and 100$\mu$M ambroxol, 30$\mu$g/ml catalase and 10 mM DABCO but was not affected by 30$\mu$g/ml SOD and 10 mM DMSO. A 10 and 100$\mu$M ambroxol and 10 mM DABCO inhibited the peroxidative action of 10$\mu$M F $e_{3+}$, 160$\mu$M ADP and 100$\mu$M NADPH on microsomal lipids, whereas inhibitory effects of 30$\mu$g/ml SOD,30$\mu$g/ml catalase and 10 mM DMSO were not detected. The degradation of hyaluronic acid caused by 107M Fe2\\`,5007M H2O2 and 100$\mu$M ascorbate was inhibited by 10 and 100$\mu$M ambroxol,30$\mu$g/ml catalase,10 mM DMSO and 10 mM DABCO, while 30$\mu$g/ml SOD did not show any effect. The cartilage collagen degradation caused by 307$\mu$ F $e_{2+}$,500$\mu$M $H_2O$$_2$ and 200$\mu$M ascorbate was prevented by 100$\mu$M ambroxol. $H_2O$$_2$ and OH . were scavenged by ambroxol, whereas $O_2$, was not removed by it. Ambroxol (100$\mu$M) and 1 mM cysteine reduced DPPH to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine. In conclusion, ambroxol may inhibit the oxidative damages of lipid, hyaluronic acid and collagen by its scavenging action on oxidants, such as OH . and probably iron-oxygen complexes and exert antioxidant ability.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.532-539
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• 2018

Hair graying is processed by loss of melanin production caused by the decrease of activity and number of melanocyte and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) in the hair follicle with increase of age. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect the Black oryzasativa ethanolic extract (BLEE) on the melanin production. In this study BLEE at $8{\mu}g/ml$ or more showed a significant 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and reduction power. BLEE at $16{\mu}g/ml$ or more showed promoted tyrosinase activity and melanin production. In addition BLEE scavenged intracellular $H_2O_2$ in 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence assay in B16F1 cells. However, Western blot analyses displayed that BLEE decreased the expression level of catalase, but no effect on the expression level of tyrosinase, tyrosinase associated protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase associated protein-2 (TRP-2) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) transcription factor involved in melanogenesis. Thus, the promotive effect of BLEE on melanin production is attributed to the increase of tyrosinase activity and the reduction of intracellular $H_2O_2$ level. In conclusion, BLEE played a key role in in promoting melanin production, which suggests that the BLEE could be applied as a potential functional material in the development of hair care cosmetics related to the promotion of melanin production for the growth of black hair.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.43-56
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• 2005

Objective : This study was produced to examine the effects of moxibustion that had been played important role to traditional oriental medical treatment on disease. Recently, it was reported that moxi-tar which is generated in the process of moxibustion as burning combustibles decreased NO and iNOS generation in $C_6-glioma$ and RAW 264.7 cells in our lab. The purpose of this research was to investigate the protect reaction on cell injury induced by the $H_2O_2$ in $C_6-glioma$ cells. Methods : $C_6-glioma$ cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 with FBS 10% in $CO_2$ incubator. To study the protective effects of moxi-tar, we observed cell viability, DPPH activity, SOD activity, catalase activity and cell morphology after injury with $H_2O_2$. Results : Moxi-tar increased cell viability about twice as much as that of being injury by $H_2O_2$(moxi-tar $40\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $H_2O_2\;500\;{\mu}\;M$). And the results of free radical scavenger activity ($80\;{\mu}g/\;m{\ell}\;:\;78.91\;{\pm}\; 4.4%$), SOD activity and catalase activity ($80\;{\mu}g/\;m{\ell}$: 21.6 unit/ mg protein) were increased by moxi- tar as dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: we concluded that the effects of moxibustion which is played important role in Oriental medicine, might be free radical scavenger effects induced by moxi-tar.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2004

Objective : This study was produced to examine the effects of moxibustion that had been played important role to traditional oriental medical treatment on disease. Recently, it was reported that moxi-tar which is generated in the process of moxibustion as burning combustibles decreased NO and iNOS generation in C6-glioma and RAW 264.7 cells in our lab. Methods : C6-glioma cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 with FBS 10% in CO2 incubator. To study the protective effects of moxi-tar, we observed cell viability, DPPH activity, SOD activity, catalase activity and cell morphology after injury with $H_2O_2$. Results and Conclusions : Moxi-tar increased cell viability about twice as much as that of being injury by $H_2O_2$(moxi-tar $40{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $H_2O_2$ $500{\mu}M$). And the results of free radical scavenger activity($80{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ : $78.91{\pm}4.4%$), SOD activity and catalase activity($80{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ : 21.6unit/mg protein) were increased by moxi-tar as dose-dependent manner. So we concluded that the effects of moxibustion which is played important role in Oriental medicine, might be free radical scavenger effects induced by moxi-tar. Conclusion : These results indicate that tBHP induces apoptosis through a lipid peroxidation-dependent mechanism and JS exerts the protective effect against the apoptosis by preventing peroxidation of membrane lipids.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 1994

Cells of Acinetobacter sp. strain JC1 DSM 3803, an aerobic monoxide-oxidizing bacterium, growing on glucose exhibited high catalase activity at the mid-exponential growth phase. The enzyme activity decreased gradually after then until the early stationary phase, increased again at the mid-stationary phase, and then decreased again thereafter. Cells growing on glucose was found to contain three kinds of catalses. Cat1, Cat2 and Cat3. The activities of Cat1 and Cat3 did change significantly during growth, but that of Cat2 exhibited significant variation. Cat3 was found to present only in cells growing on glucose, but not in cells growing on carbon monoxide of methanol. The activities of call and Cat3 in cell-free extracts were stable upon treatment with ethanol and chloroform, but decreased to some extent when the enzymewere treated with 2mM $H_2O_2$ and/or 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT). Cat2 was found to be extremely sensitive to the ethanol-chloroform and $H_2O_2$ treatments, but was insensitive to the AT treatment. Cat1 exhibited enzyme activity after incubation for 1 min at 80$^{\circ}C$. Cat2 and Cat3 did not show enzyme activity after incubation for 1 min at 60$^{\circ}C$ and 70$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Cat2 was found to have peroxidase activity. Cat3 was purified to homogenity in seven steps. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 150,000. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis revealed two identical subunits of molecular weight 65,000. The enzyme was found to show two $K_m$ values of 39 mM and 58mM. The optimal pH for the enzyme activity was 7.0, but the activities at pH 6.0, 8.0, and 9.0, were found to be comparable to that at the optimal pH. The optimal temperature for the enzyme activity was found to be 40$^{\circ}C$. The enzyme also exhibited strong activity at 20$^{\circ}C$, 30$^{\circ}C$, and 50$^{\circ}C$. The purified enzyme was not affected by the ethanol-chloroform treatment. The enzyme, howerver, showed less than 10% of the original activity when it was treated with 12 mN AT, 0.1 mM $NaN_3$ of 1mM KCN.