• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.140-154
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• 2023

Purpose: Deodeok (Codonopsis lanceolata) is generally used in conventional medicines and is considered to have remedial properties to cure several diseases. However, application of the C. lanceolata bud as a novel food ingredient has not been fully explored. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) is associated with the production of oxidative damage that results in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and cell death. This study examines the neuroprotective effect of C. lanceolate bud extracts (CLBE) on H₂O₂-stimulated apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: C. lanceolata bud of length 10 to 15 cm was collected and extracted using 70% ethanol. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the EZ-cytox reagent, measurement of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The morphological changes of the nuclei were determined using the Hoechst 33258 dye. Enzyme activities were analyzed using the caspase activity assay kit. Related protein expressions were quantified by the Western blot immunoassay in H₂O₂-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Results: Cell viability, LDH release and ROS generation, demonstrated neuroprotective effects of CLBE in H₂O₂-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. The occurrence of apoptosis in H₂O₂-stimulated cells was confirmed by caspase activity, which was increased in H₂O₂-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells compared to the unexposed group. Pretreatment of CLBE was observed to inhibit the H₂O₂-stimulated apoptosis. In addition, exposure to CLBE resulted in increased expression of the Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma 2) protein and decreased expression of the Bax (Bcl2 associated X) protein. Conclusion: This study shows that exposure to CLBE alleviates the H₂O₂-stimulated neuronal damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Our results indicate the potential application of CLBE in neurodegenerative disease therapy or prevention.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1010-1016
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• 2007

Sagunjatang (Sagunja), containing Radix Astragali, Radix Ginseng, Fructus Schizandrae, Radix Ophiopogonis and Radix Glycyrrhizae, has been used as a prescription for ischemic heart and brain diseases in Korean traditional medicine. This study was designed to investigate the protective mechanisms of Sagunja on $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity of H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Treatment with $H_2O_2$ resulted in death of H9c2 cells, characterized by apparent apoptotic features, including the fragmentation of nucleus and increase in sub-GO/G1fraction of cell cycle. However, Sagunja markedly suppressed the apoptotic characteristics of H9c2 cells induced by $H_2O_2$ with decrease of intracellular peroxide level. In addition, Sagunja suppressed the features of mitochondrial dysfunction, including change of mitochondrial membrane potential, in $H_2O_2$- treated cells. Additionally, Sagunja induced the expression of HO-1 protein in both time-and dose-dependent manner. The role of HO-1 in ROS-scavenging activity of Sagunja is proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.64-67
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• 2002

The Physical and magnetic properties such as microstructure, permeability and power loss of Ni-Zn ferrite with composition of $Ni_{0.8}Zn_{0.2}Fe_2O_4$, were investigated as the function of $Bi_2O_3$ and CaO contents. The power loss increased in proportion to the amount of $Bi_2O_3$ up to 0.3 wt% but it decreased over than 0.3 wt% addition. The highest permeability of 134 was obtained to the specimen added 1.0 wt% $Bi_2O_3$ since $Bi_2O_3$ contents were strongly dominant to grain growth and size than that of CaO. $Bi_2O_3$ liquid phase created during sintering process promoted sintering and grain growth so that grain size and permeability increased compared to that of the specimens which were sintered with free-additive and CaO. Also, lots of pores existed in the specimen which was added $Bi_2O_3$ wt% with the biggest grain size.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1331-1338
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• 1996

In order to investigate the reaction in the system of fly ash-sulfuric acid-calcium hydroxide the hydrates were produced by the addition of Ca(OH)2 to fly ash activated with sulfuric acid at various temperatures. And then they were characterized by XRD. SEM and TG-DTA. It was found that in the reaction of fly ash with sulfuric acid fly ash was not decomposed but Al2O3 and SiO2 component in it were activated. The addition of calcium hydroxide into this system resulted in the formation of ettringite and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) As the concentration of sulfuric acid and reaction temperature increased the amount of calcium hydroxide decreased fast. At this time gypsum produced by the reaction calcium hydroxide with sulfuric acid was consumed to form ettringite. Accordingly the formation of ettringite increased with calcium hydroxide and reaction time. And it showed faster than the formation of C-S-H.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 1993

The kinetics of the addition of thiourea to cinnamenylisophorone derivatives(X : H, p-Br, $p-CH_3$ $m-CH_3$, $p-OCH_3$) was investigated using ultraviolet spectrophotometry in 20%(v/v) dioxane-$H_2O$ at $25^{\circ}C$. A rate equation which can be applied over wide pH range(pH $1.0{\sim}13.0$) was obtained. In order to investigate the substituent effects of cinnamenylisophorone derivatives. Hammett constant was plotted. As the result, the rate of uncleophilic addition of thiourea to cinnamenylisophorone derivatives was facilitated by electron donating group. It was found that addition of neutral thiourea which was not dissociated at the pH $1.0{\sim}9.0$ was proceeded, the reaction was proceeded by addition of dissociated anion of thiourea above the pH 10.0. On the basis of this kinetic study, the reaction mechanism of nucleophilic addition of thiourea was investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.677-680
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• 2003

The effect of $B_2O_3$ addition on the sintering behavior and microwave dielectric properties of $(Zn_{0.8}Mg_{0.2})TiO_3$ ceramic system were investigated. Highly dense samples were obtained at the sintering temperatures below $900^{\circ}C$. Temperature coefficient of resonance frequency(${\tau}_f$) changes to a positive value with increasing the amount of $B_2O_3$ because of the increased amount of rutile phase. The $Q{\times}f_o$ values were determined by the microstructures and sintering shrinkages which are affected by the rutile or second phase. When 6.19 mol.% of $B_2O_3$ added and sintered at $900^{\circ}C$ for 5h, it exhibits ${\epsilon}_r$ =23.5, $Q{\times}f_o$= 67,500 GHz, and ${\tau}f=-1.42ppm/^{\circ}C$.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.71.2-71.2
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• 2011

To investigate the properties of the narrow-line regions and the accretion disks of YRGs, we study a sample of 28 young radio galaxies (YRGs) observed with the Kast Double Spectrograph at the Shane 3-m telescope and with the DBSP (Double Spectrograph for the Palomar 200-inch Telescope) at Palomar observatory. In addition we collect an addition sample of 15 YRGs with the optical spectra from the SDSS archive. We present the measured narrow-line region properties based on the various emission line ratios, i.e., [O III]/$H{\beta}$, [N II]/$H{\alpha}$, [S II] 6716/6731, [O I]/[O III], [O II]/[O III] and [Ar III]/[O III], which are useful to constrain the gas properties and the states of the accretion disk. We will discuss the characteristics of YRG.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.139-143
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• 1997

The doping effects of Mg and/or Fe ions on congruent LiNbO$_3$ single crystal growth were studied in order to clarify the roles of MgO in Fe doped LiNbO$_3$ single crystals. The effective distribution coefficienct of Fe was found decreased drastically from 0.85 to 0.5 by the addition of MgO into the LiNbO$_3$ melt. M ssbauer spectra revealed that the addition of MgO reduces the occurrence of Fe2+ ions during growth in air. Therefore, it is likely that there would be two important roles of MgO in Fe doped LiNbO$_3$. One is to suppress the incorporation of all Fe ions, and the other is to reduce the concentration of Fe2+ ions among the total Fe ions.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.371-374
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• 1999

Y2O3 and Nb2O5 co-doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystals((Y, Nb)-TZP) containing 10 to 30 vol% $Al_2O_3$ were prepared and hydrothermal stability of the composites was evaluated after aging for 5 h at the temperature range of $150^{\circ}C$ $250^{\circ}C$ under 4 MPa $H_2O$ vapor pressure in an autoclave. The (Y, Nb)-TZP/Al2O3 composites showed excellent phase stability under the hydrothermal conditions, as compared with the 3Y-TZP/$Al_2O_3$ composites, due to the combined effects of the Y-Nb ordering in the $t-ZrO_2$ lattice, the reduction of oxygen vacancy concentration, and the $Al_2O_3$ addition. The strength and fracture toughness of the (Y, Nb)-TZP/$Al_2O_3$ composite, containing 20 vol% of 2.8 $Al_2O_3$ particles, were 700 MPa and 8.1 MP.$am^{1/2}$, respectively.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate the application of $TiO_2$ on the photocatalytic treatment of swine wastewater. $TiO_2$ sol was prepared by hydrothermal method with the agent ratio($(C_2H_5)_2NH_2\;mol/Ti(OC_3H_7)_4\;mol)=1$ and R ratio ($H_2O\;mol/Ti(OC_3H_7)_4\;mol)=42$. The effect of parameter on the removal efficiency of swine wastewater in a batch type immobilized photocatalyst system such as initial pH, intensity of UV, dosage of $TiO_2$, air flow rate, and concentration of $H_2O_2$ was examined. Wastewater was effectively eliminated in the presence of both UV light illumination and $TiO_2$. Photocatalytic activity was higher in acidic condition compared to neutral and alkaline conditions. In addition, photocatalytic activity increased with increasing UV light intensity, dosage of $TiO_2$, the flow rate of air and the amount of $H_2O_2$ added as an oxidant, but the excess amount of $H_2O_2$ dosage decreased the removal efficiency.