• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.168-179
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• 2002

Objective : To research the trend of the study related to electroacupuncture and to establish the hereafter direction for the study on electroacupuncture. Methods : We have referred to PubMed, with electroacupuncture (Limits: 5 Years, only items with abstracts, English, Human) Results : 1. We have searched 67 papers in 49 journals on electroacupuncture. 2. The pattern of study was as follows: review articles-8 papers in 8 journals, RCT articles-22 papers in 16 journals, meta-analysis-2 papers in 2 journals, and clinical trials-29 papers in 14 journals. 3. How frequently each Meridians was used for electroacupuncture in the searched papers was as follows: Large Intestine Meridian-14 times, Stomach Meridian-12 times, GallBladder Meridian-5 times, Governor Vessel-4 times, Conception Vessel-3 times, Pericardium Meridian-2 times, Triple Energizer Meridian-2 times, and Liver Meridian-2 times in that order. 4. The acupoints used in the searched papers were as follows: LI4-8 times, ST36, LI11, and GB34-3 times, GV20, LR3, and PC6-2 times in that order. 5. The diseases in the searched papers were as follows: pain, stroke, and others. Conclusion : More clinical data would be needed to prove the effects of electroacupuncture for better application.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2012

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effect of four pharmacopuncture drugs (scolopendrid, Calculus Bovis-Fel Uris-Moschus (BUM), bee venom 25%, and sweet bee venom 10%) on the cerebral hemodynamics, including changes in the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and in the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). Methods: The changes in the rCBF and the MABP were determined by using a laser-Doppler flowmeter and a pressure transducer, respectively. Results: Scolopendrid (0.3 ml, 1 ml/kg) caused no significant changes in the rCBF and the MABP, whereas BUM (0.3 ml, 1 ml/kg) decreased the rCBF and the MABP, bee venom 25% (0.3 ml, 1 ml/kg) increased the rCBF and lowered the MABP, and sweet bee venom 10% (0.3 ml, 1 ml/kg) increased the rCBF and had no significant effect on the MABP. Conclusions: The rCBF and the MABP were influenced differently by the administration of various pharmacopunctures. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanism.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.10-16
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the acupuncture therapy about Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in China. Methods We searched for the studies on ADHD at China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, http://www.cnki.net) from 2011.1 to 2013.8. Results Selected 12 studies were divided into 7 case reports and 5 control studies. 7 case reports reported significant improvements with acupuncture therapy in ADHD. 5 control studies reported results that the acupuncture therapy groups were similar or better than western medicine treatment groups. Frequently used acupuncture points were EX-HN23 (7 times), GV20 ${\bullet}$ P6 ${\bullet}$ SP6 (6 times), G13 ${\bullet}$ EX-HN1 (5 times). Conclusions There have been reported many ADHD clinical studies in China and these studies can be applied to the clinical practices in Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.397-403
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• 1999

This study was designed to examine the clincotherapeutic effect of natural honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom in sows with mastitis, metritis and agalactia (MMA) syndrome. Sows with MMA syndrome after parturition were assigned to treated and nontreated control groups. In treated group, 22 sows were bee acupunctured once a day for 3 consecutive days. Acupuncture points of Jiao-chao (GV-1, at the indentation between the base of tail and the anus), Yang-ming (ST-18, outside at the base of teat) and Hai-men (ST-25, about 1 cm lateral to the umbilicus) were stung by the natural honeybees. In control group, 20 sows were intramuscularly injected with a standard dosage of penicillin G (400,000 IU/kg of body weight) once a day for 3 consecutive days. At post-treatment, 85.0% of control sows and 90.9% of sows in treated group recovered from MMA syndrome. Bee acupuncture therapy didn't show any side effects such as allergy, intoxication, hemorrhage, or infection. It might be concluded that apitherapy was effective in controlling of sows with MMA syndrome.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2001

A total of 92 unfertilized human oocytes were treated with ethanol (EtOH), calcium ionophore A23187 (CI) or electric pulse (EP) for activating pronuclear formation and subsequent development. In Experiment 1, there was a significant (P=0.0001) treatment effect on the activation of unfertilized oocytes. No spontaneous activation was occurred in the control, but activation treatments induced PN formation with various efficacy. More unfertilized oocytes (UFOs) were activated after EtOH or EP treatment than after CI treatment. EP was as effective (63.6 %) as EtOH, but fragmentation was observed in 43% of UFOs activated by EP. Proportion of UFOs that formed presumptive haploid PN (2 PNs+1 PB or 1 PN +2 PBs) was 33.3, 0 and 28.6% after EtOH, CI and EP treatments, respectively. In Experiment 2, a significant (P=0.0362) effect of immature oocytes (IOs) status on activation was fecund. IOs at the GVBD-MI oocytes had higher potential to form PN than those at the GV stage or with abnormal morphology (25 vs. 77.8%). The results of this study clearly demonstrated that the treatment of 10% ethanol for 5 min effectively induced the activation of UFOs. IOs could form pronucleus with high efficacy by ethanol treatment, as long as they grew beyond the GVBD stage.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.125-131
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of porcine epididymal fluid (pEF) on in vitro-maturation and subsequent fertilization of porcine follicular oocytes. Porcine cumulus-oocytes complexes retrieved from antral follicles were cultured in tissue culture medium (TCM)-l99 supplemented with pEF of different concentrations. At 48 h after culture, development of oocytes to germinal vesicle (GV) breakdown, metaphase I, anaphase-telophase I, and metaphase II were examined Significant (p<0.05) increase in the proportion of oocytes developed to MII stage was observed in oocytes cultured in pEF-containing TCM-l99 than in oocytes cultured in pEF-free TCM-199 (46.2% vs 16.7%), which was a dose-dependent manner. Subsequently, the proportion of monospermic fertilization were significantly (p<0.05) increased in oocytes cultured in the TCM supplemented with pEF than those cultured in pEF-free TCM-199 (51.0% vs 24.1%). In the second series of experiment, the percentage of MII oocytes was significantly (p<0.05) increased after exposure of oocytes to pEF during the first 22 h period of culture than after exposure of oocytes to pEF during the next 24 h of culture, while no significant difference in the percentage of monospermy was observed. The results of this study demonstrate that pEF contains at least enhancing component(s) for nuclear maturation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.254-267
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• 1999

Based on the research of cataract, glaucoma, bluish glaucoma, we have abtained the following results. 1. Main etiologies of the cataract are deficiency of the liver and kidneys, main symptoms are no nebula, no pain, no tear and sometimes light blue and white vision appear. 2. Main etiologies of glaucoma are receives heat from the liver, stagnation of the liver and gall bladder etc, main symptoms are both forehead corner pull each ether, pain from eye ball to nasal septum, headache, extending pain of the eyes, sometimes red and white flower vision appear, etc. 3. main etiologies of the bluish glaucoma are melancholy, wrath, stagnation of the liver, internal damage, flaming up fire of the phlegm, deficiency of the liver, deficiency of blood, etc, main symptoms are numbness, visual field constriction, blindness, reduce of visual capacity, blue flower vision sometimes appear, etc. 4. Treatments are mainly uses nourish Um(陰) to reduce pathogenic fire, relieve stagnancy of Ki(氣) of the liver, nourish Um(陰) of the liver and kidneys, etc, acupuncture points are mostly contended arounded eyes such as BL10)(天柱), GV16(風府), LR3)(太衝), HT5)(通里) and in the case of nauses and vomitting PC6)(內關, ST36)(足三里) are included in addition to the above.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.415-421
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• 2003

It is now generally accepted that acupuncture is effective in diarrhea caused by bacterial infection. However, its effect on the intestinal smooth muscle dysfunction is not clear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of acupuncture therapy at Jiao-chao (GV-1) on the intestinal muscle dysfunction in weaning piglets orally infected by Escherichia coli. The animals are divided into four groups; 1) E. coli + no-treatment, 2) E. coli + antibiotic, 3) E. coli + acupuncture, 4) normal group. In the three E. coli infected groups, low frequency electrical field stimulation (EFS, 1 Hz) provoked triphasic responses composed of initial relaxation followed by on-contraction and off-contraction. While in the normal group, EFS (1Hz) induced biphasic responses composed of relaxation during the stimulation and off-contraction. At the high frequency (16Hz) EFS, both on-contraction and off-contraction of the E. coli + antibiotic, E. coli + acupuncture and the normal group were larger than those of the E. coli + no-treatment group. In the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic (NANC) condition, only biphasic responses occurred to EFS in all experimental groups and the off-contraction of E. coli + antibiotic, E. coli + acupuncture and the normal group were larger than those of the E. coli + no-treatment group. The response to carbachol of those three groups was also significantly greater than that of the E. coli + no-treatment group. These results suggest that acupuncture is as effective as antibiotic in the dysfunction of colonic circular muscle caused by E. coli infection. The maintenance of contractile neuromuscular transmission seems to be involved in the mechanism of the acupuncture effects on diarrhea.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2005

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated cotyledonary-node explants transformation was used to produce transgenic melon. Cotyledonary-node explants of melon (Cucumis melo L. cv. Super VIP) were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strains (LBA4404, GV3101, EHA101) containing the binary vector (pPTN289) carrying with CaMV 35S promoter-gus gene as reporter gene and NOS promoter-bar gene conferring resistance to glufosinate (herbicide Basta) as selective agent, and the binary vector (pPTN290) carrying with Ubiquitin promoter-GUS gene and NOS promoter-nptll gene conferring resistance to paromomycin as selective agent, respectively. The maximum transformation efficiency (0.12%) was only obtained from the cotyledonary-node explants co-cultivated with EHA101 strain (pPTN289) on selection medium with 5 mg/L glufosinate and not produced a transgenic melon from the cotyledon or cotyledonary-node co-cultivated with other strains. Finally, five plants transformed showed the resistance in glufosinate antibiotic and the GUS positive response in leaf ($T_0$), flower ($T_0$), seeds ($T_1$) and plantlet ($T_1$). Southern blot analysis revealed that the gus gene integrated into each genome of transgenic melon.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.193-202
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• 2011

Objective: We found previously that $interferon$ $regulatory$ factor ($Irf$)-1 is a germinal vesicle (GV)-selective gene that highly expressed in GV as compared to metaphase II oocytes. To our knowledge, the function of $Irf-1$ in oocytes has yet to be examined. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between retinoic acid (RA) and RA-mediated expression of $Irf-1$ and the mouse oocyte maturation. Methods: Immature cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COCs) were collected from 17-day-old female mice and cultured $in$ $vitro$ for 16 hours in the presence of varying concentrations of RA (0-10 ${\mu}M$). Rate of oocyte maturation and activation was measured. Gene expression was measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cytokine secretion in the medium was measured by Bio-Plex analysis. Apoptosis was analyzed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results: The rates of oocyte maturation to metaphase II and oocyte activation increased significantly with RA treatment (10 nM-1 ${\mu}M$). With 100 nM RA treatment, lowest level of $Irf-1$ mRNA and cumulus cell's apoptosis was found. Among 23 cytokines measured by Bio-Plex system, the substantial changes in secretion of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, macrophage inflammatory protein-$1{\beta}$, eotaxin and interleukin-12 (p40) from COCs in response to RA were detected. Conclusion: We concluded that the maturation of oocytes and $Irf-1$ expression are negatively correlated, and RA enhances the developmental competence of mouse immature oocytes $in$ $vitro$ by suppressing apoptosis of cumulus cells. Using a mouse model, results of the present study provide insights into improved culture conditions for $in$ $vitro$ oocyte maturation and relevant cytokine production and secretion in assisted reproductive technology.