• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.19-28
• /
• 2000

This study was performed to evaluate the activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Maddin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells infected with virus and/or treated with amantadine. On cell morphological findings, monolayer fractions in MDCK cells infected with virus were exfolated more than 80% in 1 TCID$_{50}$ group and that in 10 TCID$_{50}$ were completely exfolated after 3 days during infectious process. In proportion to the dose of amantadine, activities of GST and LDH of MDCK cells were significantly decreased and those of LDH in medium fraction were more significantly increased compared with control. According to in both dose and time of virus innoculation, activities of GST and LDH in MDCK cells were significantly decreased in 1 and 10 TCID$_{50}$ infected cells after 3 days. LDH activities in infectious medium were remarkably rised at 10 fold. In case of the cell line inoculated with type A 100 TCID$_{50}$ and additionally treated with amantadine, the decreasing rate to the control in activities of GST and LDH was lower than that in those in case of that infected with virus only. These results suggested that virus infection and amantadine treatment may effect the activity of the detoxicating enzyme in the target cells.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.261-267
• /
• 2005

Phase II enzymes are transcriptionally induced by synthetic chemical agents and natural products, and such induction plays critical roles in protection against chemical carcinogens and other toxic xenobiotics. To discover natural products for use as cancer chemopreventive agents, the ability of Citrus aurantium Linn (Jikak) to induce activities of quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in wild-type murine hepatoma cell line (Hepa 1c1c7) and Ah-receptor-defective mutant of the same cell line (Bprcl) was investigated. Hexane and chloroform fractions of C. aurantium Linn (Jikak) at doses not exhibiting cytotoxicity were effective inducers of QR (${\sim}1.8-fold$) and GST (${\sim}1.5-fold$) in Hepa 1c1c7 cells, whereas showed low QR induction potency in Bprcl cells, which indicates they have weak monofunctional action. Results suggest C. aurantium Linn (Jikak) as potentially useful cancer chemopteventive agent.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.42 no.5
• /
• pp.277-280
• /
• 2009

We examined the effects of polysaccharides extracted from Asterina pectinifera on the activities of quinone reductase (QR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and glutathione (GSH) levels in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. We found that the polysaccharides extract induced QR activity in a dose-dependent manner over a concentration range of $20-60\;{\mu}g/ml$ and increased GST activity as much as 1.4-fold over controls. GSH levels were increased 1.3- and 1.5-fold with the extract at 40 and $60\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The activity and protein expression of ODC in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced colon cancer cells was inhibited by the extract. The polysaccharides suppressed TPA-induced prostaglandin (PG) production. These data indicate that polysaccharides from A. pectinifera increase phase II detoxification enzyme activity and inhibit ODC and COX-2 activities in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Consequently, this effect may contribute to the protective effect of polysaccharides from A. pectinifera against colon cancer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.126-130
• /
• 2008

Water extract from Prunella vulgaris L. (PVW) was tested for colon cancer chemopreventive activity by measuring the activities of cytochrome P450 1A1, phase Ⅱ detoxification enzyme [quinone reductase (QR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)] and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and glutathione (GSH) levels in cultured human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells. PVW significantly inhibited 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced cytochrome P450 1A1 activity at 10 and 50 ${\mu}g/ml$. PVW induced QR activity in a dose-dependent manner over a concentration range of $1{\sim}50\;{\mu}g/ml$. GST activity was also induced with the treatment of PVW in HT-29 cells. In addition GSH levels were increased with PVW. PVW inhibited ODC activity, a key enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, which is enhanced in tumor promotion. These results suggest that Prunella vulgaris L. has colon cancer chemopreventive activity by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A1 and ODC activities and by increasing phase Ⅱ enzyme activity and GSH levels.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2004

In order to understand the mechanism of the regulation of drug metabolizing enzyme gene expression, we have studied the induction of CYP1A1 and GSTα, μ, π enzymes in Japanese monkey and rhesus monkey after the treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and di-n- butyl phthalate (DBP) and bisphenol A (BPA). The levels of mRNA were measured_by RT-PCR in brain, intestine and liver. In the case of adult monkey, treatment with 3MC induced CYP1A1 mRNA in brain by 2-fold. The treatment with DBP induced CYP1A1 mRNA. Effects of 3MC and DBP on GST mRNA expression was not clear. But GSTμ was slightly inhibited by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. GSTα was not induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in brain. GSTπ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP in brain. In the case of fetus monkey, the basal levels of fetus CYP1A1 mRNA and GSTs mRNA were relatively low compared to adult monkey. As the age of monkey increased, the basal levels of CYP1A1 mRNA were also increased. 3MC induced the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA in liver, whereas it didn't significantly induce CYP1A1 mRNA in brain. The levels of GSTμ and GSTα were not changed by the treatment with 3MC and DBP. GSTπ was slightly induced by the treatment with 3MC and DBP.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.44 no.11
• /
• pp.95-100
• /
• 2007

A low power PRAM using a power-dependant data inversion (PDI) scheme is proposed. The PRAM consumes large write power because large write currents are required during long time. Also, the power consumptions for storing #1# and #0# are different. The PDI circuit compares the power consumptions to store the original data and its inverted data, and then it stores the less power consuming data. Although the PDI scheme needs an additional inversion bit per data, the maximum and average powers of the PDI can be under 50% and 37.5% of the conventional write scheme, respectively. The average power for storing 8bit data is under 41%, due to the inversion bit. The 1K-bit PRAM chip with 128$\times$8bits was implemented with a 0.8${\mu}m$ CMOS technology with a 0.5${\mu}m$ GST cell.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.574-580
• /
• 1994

The effect of dietary zinc(Zn) levels on cadmium (Cd)-induced hepatotoxicity was studied in serum and liver of rats. Adult male Spraque-Dawley rats were fed on diets containing one of three levels of zinc carbonate(0, 56, $560\mu\textrm{g}/kg$ diet) and Cd-treated groups were administrated oral intubation with cadmium chloride 95.0 mg/kg of body weight) at the sametime once a week. Net weight gain (NWG), feed intake (FI) and feed effciiency ratio (FER) in Zn deficiency groups significantly decreased as compared to that of control and excessive groups. Cd oral intubation caused a decrease in NWG and FI but an increase in Zn deficiency group in FER. GSH-Px, GST and catalase activity showed significant decrease in Zn deficiency and Zn excessive group. LPO content in liver significantly increased in Zn deficiency group. Cd oral intubation increased the content of LPO in Zn deficiency group as compared to control. GSH content and GST activity of hepatic tissue significantly decreased in Zn deficiency and excessive group. The activity of AST and ALT in serum were markedly increased in Zn deficiency, Zn excessive and Cd-treated groups. LDH and ALP activities significantly increased in Cd-treated group while ALP activity decreased by Zn deficiency. It was observed that the livers of rats exposed to Cd and Zn excessive group showed a marked increase of hepatic enzyme as compare to only Cd-treated in rats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1994.04a
• /
• pp.327-327
• /
• 1994

본 연구에서는 간손상에 대한 해독제의 연구 및 안전성 평가연구로서 H$_2$-rcccptor길항제와 한방에서 건위역으로 이용되는 생약추출물 (생강, 정향 및 후박나무의 수피추출물, 강활, 시호, 토복령 및 금은화)이 화합물로 유발된 간독성에 미치는 효과를 고찰하였다. 또한 식물의 2차 대사산물로서 식품, 의약품 및 화장품 향신료 등의 첨가제로 이용되는 monotcrpcnoids중 $\alpha$-pinene, limonenc, gcraniol 및 cincol 이 phase II 효소계중 glutathione S-transferase(GST)의 class alpha 및 mu family계 효소와 microsomal cpoxidc hydrolase(mEH)의 발현에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2001.02a
• /
• pp.260-261
• /
• 2001

일반적으로 상업화된 타원계는 회전 검광자(회전 편광자), 혹은 위상변조방식이 주를 이루고 있다. 회전 검광자나 위상변조방식의 타원계는 모터를 회전시키거나 위상을 변조시키는 방법에 의존하므로 하나의 타원상수쌍 ( ,Ψ)를 얻는데 수십 $\mu\textrm{s}$ - 수십 ms의 측정시간을 필요로 한다. 그러나, 예를 들어 상변화형 광기록매체인 Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_{5}$(GST)와 같이 수십 ns 시간간격으로 비정질상과 결정상이 변화하면서 정보 데이터를 저장하거나 소거하게 되는 경우 비정질상에서 결정상으로 바뀌는 과정의 결정화과정을 측정하고 분석하기 위해서는 수 ns로 측정할 수 있는 장비가 필요하다. (중략)

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.822-829
• /
• 2007

A gene coding for phosphoketolase, a key enzyme of carbohydrate catabolism in heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria(LAB), was cloned from a Lactobacillus paraplantarum C7 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The gene is 2,502 bp long and codes for a 788-amino-acids polypeptide with a molecular mass of 88.7 kDa. A Shine-Dalgarno sequence(aaggag) and an inverted-repeat terminator sequence are located upstream and downstream of the phosphoketolase gene, respectively. The gene exhibits an identity of >52% with phosphoketolases of other LAB. The phosphoketolase of Lb. paraplantarum C7(LBPK) contains several highly conserved phosphoketolase signature regions and typical thiamine pyrophosphate(TPP) binding sites, as reported for other TPP-dependent enzymes. The phosphoketolase gene was fused to a glutathione S-transferase(GST::LBPK) gene for purification. The GST::LBPK fusion protein was detected in the soluble fraction of a recombinant Escherichia coli BL21. The GST::LBPK fusion protein was purified with a yield of 4.32mg/400ml by GSTrap HP affinity column chromatography and analyzed by N-terminal sequencing. LBPK was obtained by factor Xa treatment of fusion protein and the final yield was 3.78mg/400ml. LBPK was examined for its N-terminal sequence and phosphoketolase activity. The $K_M\;and\;V_{max}$ values for fructose-6-phosphate were $5.08{\pm}0.057mM(mean{\pm}SD)$ and $499.21{\pm}4.33{\mu}mol/min/mg$, respectively, and the optimum temperature and pH for the production of acetyl phosphate were $45^{\circ}C$ and 7.0, respectively.