• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was designed for identification of the main clinicopathological features of cysts in the oral and maxillofacial regions. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 164 patients who had been diagnosed with cyst of the jaw, from the database of 168 histopathological diagnoses at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Busan Paik Hospital at Inje University, from January 2009 to December 2011. The subjects were treated and the following variables were recorded: gender, age, clinical signs and symptoms, histopathological distribution, treatment methods, and complications. A descriptive analysis of the study variables was performed using a chi-square test. Results: Among the 164 patients, there were more male than female patients (male-female ratio: 1.7:1). The most predominant ages were the 20s and 40s. Among the classes of pathological cysts, radicular cysts and dentigerous cysts were the most common, with incidences of 56.0% and 35.1%. Thirty-six percent of the patients had no symptoms; and of those who had symptoms, the main signs and symptoms were swelling (24.4%) and pain (17.1%). The most frequent management method was the combination operation, such as enucleation with or without extraction and apicoectomy of the causative teeth. Of the 164 patients, 13 had complications; and one patient who had been treated with enucleation with apicoectomy had a recurrent cyst. Conclusion: Using a chi-square test, no significant differences in prevalence were observed in relation to gender according to age. Comparative analysis of radicular and dentigerous cysts showed a significant difference in their prevalence according to their anatomical location, however, no significant differences in were observed in their incidence rates according to age.

• 한국조리학회지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.115-130
• /
• 1999

다진 마늘의 상품화를 위한 방법을 모색하기 위하여 생마늘을 다진 마늘로 제조한 후, 구연산과 식염, 그리고 천연보존제를 각각 첨가하거나 복합 첨가하여 그 효과를 검증한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 본 실험에서 구연산의 첨가효과를 알아보기 위하여 구연간 농도 0.5%와 1%의 두 구간으로 설정하여 결과를 검증하였는바, citric acid 0.5%구간에서는 a값의 저하에 상당한 차이를 보였다. 또한 citric acid 1%구간에서도 L값의 상승, a값의 저하, b값의 저하 등 결과적으로 갈변억제 효과에 상당히 우수한 영향을 미쳤다. 2. 식염 1%구간에서는 오히려 역효과(가스량 증가)를 보여 주었으며, 식염 농도가 2%이상에서는 미생물 증식에 있어 억제효과를 보여 주어 식염의 방부제 역할을 충분히 인식할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 보면 Gas의 형성량은 미생물의 증식량과도 밀접한 관계를 보여 준다고 할 수 있다. Hunter 계수값을 살펴보면 식염의 농도가 a값의 변화에는 많은 영향을 주지 않았지만, salt 3%구간에서 b값의 현저한 제어능력을 보여 주어 결과적으로 L값의 저하효과를 가져와 갈변 억제효과를 보여 주었다. 3. CA 0.5%와 Salt 3%의 복합첨가가 갈변억제에 상당히 큰 효과를 보여주었음을 알 수 있다. 즉, b값의 수치에는 영향력이 거의 없으나 a값(적색도)의 저하에는 효과가 좋아 결과적으로 L값(명도)의 유지에 상당히 좋은 반응을 보여 주었다. 그리고 CA 1%와 Salt 3%의 복합첨가 구간에서는 미생물수 증식억제, L값 유지(갈변 억제) 등에 좋은 결과를 보여 주었지만, pH의 수치는 상당히 낮아지는 결과를 보여 주었다. 4. GF(500ppm)와 CA(0.3%)의 복합첨가효과에 있어서는 미생물제어능력은 좋았으며, 갈변억제효과는 보통이었다. GF(500ppm)와 CA(0.3%), 그리고 여기에 Ascorbic acid(0.1%)를 첨가한 복합효과측정에 있어서는 갈변억제의 효과에 그 다지 영향을 끼치지 않았고, 미생물 억제효과는 약간 있었다. 첨가농도를 다르게 한 구연산과 겨자의 혼합액(CA+Mustard 0.5%)의 효과는 Sample D의 경우와 크게 다르지 않았으나, 농도의 비중에 비하여 미생물 억제기능은 오히려 약간 상승하였다. 5. 다진마늘을 제조하여 2주 경과한 후의 색상과 맛에 대한 기호성(평균 점수로 표시)점수는 전반적으로 낮아졌으나, 대체적으로 다진 마늘의 색상과 맛에 있어 식염 3% 구간에서 가장 좋은 결과를 보여 주었다. 구연산 5%와 1% 구간의 관능검사 결과는 2주 경과후 색상과 맛에 있어 식염첨가효과보다 더욱 좋은 평균 점수로 나타났다. 식염과 구연산의 복합첨가 구간에 있어서는 CA 0.5%와 NaCl 3%의 복합첨가구간에서 관능검사의 색상과 맛이라는 두 가지 측면에서 가장 좋은 점수를 보여 주었다. 또한 GF액과 Citric Acid 그리고 Ascorbic acid 등의 3가지 복합첨가효과에 있어서도 비교적 좋은 점수의 관능검사 결과가 나타났다. 6. 쵸핑 사이즈(chopping size)에 따른 점도의 변화 및 포장적성을 위한 관능검사의 결과는 다진 마늘의 입자 직경이 3mm size일 때, 즉 점도(Viscosity)가 4500cp에서 가장 좋은 점수(7점)의 관능 평가를 받았다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the freshness and nutritive components of eggs from Incheon area. The eggs of 64 brands collected from 7 hypermarkets and 6 brands collected from farms were examined to test the Haugh unit (HU), egg yolk index and specific gravity. HU and specific gravity were higher in farm eggs than in hypermarket eggs (P<0.05), and there was no difference in the egg yolk index. Among hypermarket eggs, HU and egg yolk index were higher in the graded eggs than in non-graded eggs (P<0.05), and specific gravity was not different between them. HU and egg yolk index of the eggs collected in March were higher than those in August (P<0.05). To monitor the bacterial contamination, total coliforms, total bacterial counts (TBC) and Salmonella enteritidis were examined. Salmonella enteritidis and total coliforms were not detected from all eggs. TBC of farm eggs were less than $10^1$ CFU/mL in all samples and TBC of hypermarket eggs were less than $10^1$ CFU/mL in 187 samples, $10^1{\sim}10^2$ CFU/mL in 3 samples and $10^3{\sim}10^4$ CFU/mL in 2 samples, respectively. Antimicrobial residues were not detected from all eggs tested. The vitamin E contents in the vitamin E enriched eggs from 6 brands hypermarket were 1.98~22.96 mg/yolk100 g ($14.04{\pm}8.81$ mg/yolk100g), and those of 5 brands among them were higher than the average of ordinary eggs. In one brand egg, vitamin E content was lower than the average of ordinary eggs. The vitamin E contents of ordinary eggs were 1.75~16.36 mg/yolk100 g (average $5.57{\pm}2.76$ mg/yolk100 g) and there were no price differences between vitamin E enriched eggs and ordinary eggs. In the contents of vitamin E, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and cholesterol, there were no significant differences according to the price. These results suggests that egg production, distribution, and management system should be improved for supplying fresh eggs to consumers at reasonable prices.

• 근관절건강학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.197-220
• /
• 1997

The lack of a comprehensive theory describing the mechanism of adaptation scientifically has been one of the limiting factors for the development of nursing intervention of patients with chronic illness. Since Roy's theory provides the general conceptual framework depicting adaptation process with structural stimuli and control mechanism, it is appropriate to understand the process of adaptation. But in Roy's theory, the propositions about cognator and regulator as control mechanisms are not clearly defined. For this reason, most of the previous researches applying the Roy's theory have disregarded the study of cognator and regulator. For the patients with chronic illness such as rheumatoid arthritis, it was reported that adaptation states were different for the same stimuli due to the difference of the control mechanism. Moreover in nursing it is important to identify the control mechanism which can be and must be intervened by nurses. It was the Lazarus and Folkman's theory that proposed the control mechanism. They suggested that individual differences in the reaction against the perceived stress are due to the difference in appraisal and coping. Therefore, the synthesis of Roy's and Lazarus and Folkman's propositions might help to clearly understand the mechanism of adaptation. From this point, a theoretical framework has been developed and tested. The subjects were the 297 patients who had been diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis and attended the outpatient clinic. A hypothetical prediction model of adaptation was tested by the covariance structure analysis with PC-LISREL 7.13. As a result, the overall fit was good($x^2$=78.83, p=0.00 ; GFI=0.96 : AGFI=0.90 ; RMR=0.04) for the hypothetical model. In the final model added GA(5, 1), the overall fit was increased ($x^2$=57.82, p=0.003 ; GFI=0.97 ; AGFI=0.93 : RMR=0.036). Except the fact that illness symptoms affected physical adaptation directly, it was supported that focal and contextual stimuli affected physical and psychosocial adaptation through appraisal and coping. Therefore, it was asserted that the synthesis of two theory's propositions was appropriate. So this model would be useful for the theoretical framework in the nursing practice. And this study synthesizing and testing the theory might contribute to establish nursing's scientific base.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.380-384
• /
• 2010

Purpose: Distinguishing different types of implants and assessing the position and size of implants by radiologic exam after orbital wall reconstruction is important in determining the surgery outcome and forecasting prognosis. We observed time-dependent density changes in three types of implants (porous polyethylene, resorbing plate and titanium mesh plate) by performing facial bone CT after orbital wall reconstructions. Methods: A total of 32 patients, who had underwent orbital wall fracture surgery from October 2006 to March 2009 and received facial bone CT as outpatients at 1 postoperative year were included in the study. Follow-up facial bone CT was performed on the patients pre- operatively, 1 month post-operatively, and 1 year post-operatively to observe the status of the orbital implants. Medpor $^{(R)}$ (Porex Surgical, Inc., Newnan, Ga.) was used as porous polyethylene and followed-up in 14 cases; for resorbing plate, Synthes mesh plate (Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland) was used in the reconstruction, and followed-up in 11 cases; and titanium mesh plate usage was followed-up in 7 cases. Computed tomographic scan (CT) and water's view were done for radiography, and hounsfield unit (HU) was used to compare density of those facial bone CT. Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to statistically verify measurement difference in each group of hounsfield units. Results: Facial bone CT examination performed in 1 month post-operative showed that the density of porous polyethylene, resorbing plate and titanium mesh plate were -42.07, 105.67 and 539.48 on average, respectively. Among the three types of implants, titanium mesh plate showed the highest density due to its radiopaque feature. Following up the density of three types of implants in CT during 1 year after the orbital wall fracture surgery, the density of porous polyethylene increased in 10.52 House Field Units and the resorbing plate was decreased in 26.87 HouseField Units. There were no significant differences between densities in 1 month post-operatively and 1 year post-operatively in each group ($p{\geq}0.05$). Conclusion: We performed facial bone CT on patients with orbital fractures during follow-up period, distinguishing the types of implants by the different concentration of implant density, and the densities showed little change even at 1 year post-operative. To observe how implant densities change in facial bone CT, further studies with longer follow-up periods should be carried out.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제21권7호
• /
• pp.45-58
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 4차 산업과 글로벌시대에 걸맞는 공연예술문화의 가치 창출 및 활성화를 위해 현시대 공연예술 소비자의 문화향유방식 및 니즈 변화에 반응하고 있는 대표적인 공연예술 영상화사업을 선정, 공연산업의 새로운 문화가치 창출 가능성을 확인하고 제작과정의 중요한 제반사항과 주안점을 파악하고자 하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 NESTA에서 작성한 'NT Live-Digital broadcast of theatre Learning from the pilot season'(2011)보고서 분석을 중심으로 시네마 브로드캐스트 공연 영상화사업의 성공적 선도 모델인 영국 로열 내셔널 시어터의 "NT Live" 사업의 기획 의도, 제작 프로세스(저작권 협의, 인력구성, 촬영 및 중계), 마케팅 방식과 관객층을 면밀히 분석하여 기존 공연예술과 차별화되는 제작과정 및 문화 예술적 가치를 파악하고 공연 영상화 사업의 지속가능성을 위한 행·재정적 주안점을 정리하고자 한다. 이를 통하여 시네마 브로드캐스트(공연실황 중계) 공연 감상 방식이 새로운 공연예술 상품으로서 예술적·문화적·경제적 가치를 가지는 원천 창출의 가능성을 확인할 수 있을 것이다. 또 한 관객들의 문화 향유방식과 소비 형태에 반응하는 다양한 공연 접근 활로 개척이 공연예술 분야의 대중성 향상과 관객층 확대를 통한 공연예술 영상화 사업 활성화라는 결과를 가져올 수 있을 것이라 예상한다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.90-103
• /
• 2018

Although fluoride is an essential trace element, ingestion of excessive amount of fluoride could have detrimental effect on human health. Generally, the bioavailability of fluoride in soils was low, but it could be harmful to the environment depending on the soil properties. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the concentration distribution, and fate and transport characteristics of fluoride to establish a resonable management strategy for fluoride pollution. This study was conducted to evaluate nationwide fluoride distribution in soils in Korea, as well as its fate and transport characteristics. The average background concentration was 204.5 (15.3~504.8) mg/kg, which is lower than the values of foreign soils. For the three regions of different land use, the average concentration was 229.6 mg/kg in region 1, 195.7 mg/kg in region 2, and 273.4 mg/kg in region 3. The concentration of fluoride was the highest in soils from Youngnam block within tectonic structure derived from metamorphic rocks. The results of sequential extraction to access F bioavailability showed fluoride in soils mainly existed as a residual form, which suggests the bioavailability of fluoride was relatively low. Soil properties such as soil pH, CEC, and clay content were found to affect F bioavailability of soil.

• 재활치료과학
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.95-104
• /
• 2021

목적 : 본 연구는 중소도시 지역 특성에 맞는 경로당 프로그램 개발의 기초자료로 활용하기 위해 국내 경로당 프로그램의 현황과 경로당 프로그램의 이용에 대한 실태를 파악하고 분석하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구의 자료 수집을 위해 2019년 7월에서 9월까지 전국 5개 지역(경기, 경상, 충청, 전라, 강원)의 읍, 면, 리에 개설된 소규모의 경로당을 연구자가 방문하여 대인면접 설문조사 형태로 설문을 실시하였다. 결과 : 경로당 이용자가 경로당을 이용하는 주요 이유는 '친구들이 있어서'이며 55.0%의 이용자가 일주일에 4-5회 경로당을 이용한다고 응답하였다. 이용자들의 45.9%가 경로당 이용에 만족하고 있으며, 경로당 활성화 방안으로 20.2%의 응답자가 '다양한 프로그램이 개발'이 필요하다고 응답하였다. 경로당 비이용자의 43.5%가 '마땅히 즐길만한 활동이 없어서' 경로당을 이용하지 않는다고 응답하였으며 경로당 활성화 방안으로 46.5%의 응답자가 '다양한 프로그램 개발'되어야 한다고 응답하였다. 경로당 이용자와 비이용자 모두 선호하는 프로그램은 운동, 취미와 오락, 건강 프로그램 순이었다. 결론 : 본 연구결과를 통하여 국내 중소도시 지역 거주 노인들의 경로당 이용 여부, 이용 목적, 프로그램 만족도, 프로그램 개선점과 제한점 등에 대한 전반적인 사항을 파악할 수 있었다. 이에 따라 기존의 경로당 프로그램의 제한점을 파악하고 추후 방향성을 제시함으로써 경로당 프로그램 개발에 대한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제64권4호
• /
• pp.717-726
• /
• 2022

The study evaluated different molt-inducing methods to achieve the main goal of molting in commercial layers during molting and post-molting periods. A total of 400 60-week-old Lohmann Brown layers were randomly divided into five groups (eight replicates of 10 birds for each group). Laying hens in the fasting control group received no diet from day 1 to day 10. The second group received a molt-inducing diet recommended by the breeding company. The third group received a wheat bran-based diet. The fourth group received a commercial layer diet with 8,000 ppm zinc (as zinc oxide, ZnO). The fifth group received an induced molting diet given to the second group with 8,000 ppm zinc, respectively. Egg production in the fasting control group and groups fed a diet with ZnO were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than those in groups fed the molt-inducing and wheat bran-based diets without ZnO during molting. Egg laying in the fasting control group was rapidly reduced and stopped on the 5.9th day of molting. In both groups having molt treatment with ZnO, egg production was similarly reduced and ceased on the 6.9th day and 7.0th day of molting, respectively, none of them differed significantly from the control. Layers fed molt-inducing diet or wheat bran-based diet did not reach the cessation of laying even on the 28th d of molting period. Relative weights of the ovary and growing oocytes of layers subjected to fasting or fed diets with ZnO were significantly lower than those of other groups. During the first two weeks of post molting, layers fed molt-inducing diet with ZnO showed higher egg production than the other two groups (p < 0.01). The eggshell strength in the group fed the commercial diet with ZnO was significantly higher than those fed the molt-inducing diet or wheat bran-based diets at 6 weeks of post molting (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the non-feed withdrawal molting using ZnO is more effective in inducing molting and increasing post-molt egg production and egg quality than other methods using a molt-inducing diet alone or wheat bran-based diet without ZnO.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.19-32
• /
• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Atherosclerosis is associated with increased inflammation in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Vitamin D has been reported to modulate the inflammatory responses of stromal vascular cells (SVCs) and adipocytes in adipose tissue, but the role of vitamin D in atherosclerosis biology is unclear. This study examined the effects of in vitro 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25[OH]₂D₃) treatment on the inflammatory responses of SVCs and adipocytes from atherosclerotic mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: C57BL/6J (B6) mice were divided randomly into 2 groups and fed a 10% kcal fat control diet (control group, CON) or 41% kcal fat, 0.21% cholesterol (high fat + cholesterol, HFC) diet (obese group, OB), and B6.129S7-Ldlr^tm1Her/J (Ldlr^-/-) mice were fed a HFC diet (obese with atherosclerosis group, OBA) for 16 weeks. SVCs and adipocytes isolated from VAT were pre-incubated with 1,25(OH)₂D₃ for 24 h and stimulated with lipopolysaccarides for the next 24 h. Proinflammatory cytokine production by adipocytes and SVCs, the immune cell population in SVCs, and the expression of the genes involved in the inflammatory signaling pathway in SVCs were determined. RESULTS: The numbers of total macrophages and SVCs per mouse were higher in OB and OBA groups than the CON group. The in vitro 1,25(OH)₂D₃ treatment significantly reduced macrophages/SVCs (%) in the OBA group. Consistent with this change, the production of interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) by SVCs from the OBA group was decreased by 1,25(OH)₂D₃ treatment. The 1,25(OH)₂D₃ treatment significantly reduced the toll-like receptor 4 and dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1 (also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1) mRNA levels in SVCs and MCP-1 production by adipocytes from all 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that vitamin D can attribute to the inhibition of the inflammatory response in VAT from atherosclerotic mice by reducing proinflammatory cytokine production.