• 제목/요약/키워드: $Fe_{3-x}Co_xO_4$

검색결과 220건 처리시간 0.032초

활성화된(Fe1-xMnx)3O4-δ과 (Fe1-xCox)3O4-δ의 이산화탄소 분해 특성 (CO2 Decomposition Characteristics of Activated(Fe1-xMnx)3O4-δ and (Fe1-xCox)3O4-δ)

  • 박원식;오경환;이상인;서동수
    • 한국재료학회지
    • /
    • 제23권4호
    • /
    • pp.219-226
    • /
    • 2013
  • Activated magnetite ($Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$) has the capability of decomposing $CO_2$ proportional to the ${\delta}$-value at comparatively low temperature of $300^{\circ}C$. To enhance the $CO_2$ decomposition capability of $Fe_3O_{4-{\delta}}$, $(Fe_{1-x}Co_x)_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ and $(Fe_{1-x}Mn_x)_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ were synthesized and then reacted with $CO_2$. $Fe_{1-x}Co_xC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ powders having Fe to Co mixing ratios of 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5 were synthesized by co-precipitation of $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and $CoSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ solutions with a $(NH_4)_2C_2O_4{\cdot}H_2O$ solution. The same method was used to synthesize $Fe_{1-x}Mn_xC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ powders having Fe to Mn mixing ratios of 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5 with a $MnSO_4{\cdot}4H_2O$ solution. The thermal decomposition of synthesized $Fe_{1-x}Co_xC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ and $Fe_{1-x}Mn_xC_2O_4{\cdot}2H_2O$ was analyzed in an Ar atmosphere with TG/DTA. The synthesized powders were heat-treated for 3 hours in an Ar atmosphere at $450^{\circ}C$ to produce activated powders of $(Fe_{1-x}Co_x)_3O_{4-{\delta}}$ and $(Fe_{1-x}Mn_x)_3O_{4-{\delta}}$. The activated powders were reacted with a mixed gas (Ar : 85 %, $CO_2$ : 15 %) at $300^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours. The exhaust gas was analyzed for $CO_2$ with a $CO_2$ gas analyzer. The decomposition of $CO_2$ was estimated by measuring $CO_2$ content in the exhaust gas after the reaction with $CO_2$. For $(Fe_{1-x}Mn_x)_3O_{4-{\delta}}$, the amount of $Mn^{2+}$ oxidized to $Mn^{3+}$ increased as x increased. The ${\delta}$ value and $CO_2$ decomposition efficiency decreased as x increased. When the ${\delta}$ value was below 0.641, $CO_2$ was not decomposed. For $(Fe_{1-x}Co_x)_3O_{4-{\delta}}$, the ${\delta}$ value and $CO_2$ decomposition efficiency increased as x increased. At a ${\delta}$ value of 0.857, an active state was maintained even after 12 hours of reaction and the amount of decomposed $CO_2$ was $52.844cm^3$ per 1 g of $(Fe_{0.5}Co_{0.5})_3O_{4-{\delta}}$.

졸-겔 방법을 이용하여 제작된 (Mn, Cr)xCo1-xFe2O4 박막의 구조적, 자기적 특성 (Structural and Magnetic Properties of (Mn, Cr)xCo1-xFe2O4 Thin Films Prepared by Sol-gel Method)

  • 김광주;김희경;박영란;박재윤
    • 한국자기학회지
    • /
    • 제16권1호
    • /
    • pp.23-27
    • /
    • 2006
  • 역스피넬 산화물 $CoFe_2O_4$에서 Co를 Mn 또는 Cr클 치환하여 얻어지는 $Mn_xCo_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$$Cr_xCo_{1-x}Fe_2P_4$ 박막시료 들을 졸-겔 방법을 이용하여 제작하고 그 구조적, 자기적 특성들을 비교분석 하였다. X-ray diffraction 측정 결과, Mn 치환의 경우는 치환량의 증가에 따라 격자상수가 증가하였지만 Cr치환의 경우는 격자상수가 거의 변화하지 않음이 관측되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 Mn 치환의 경우 팔면체 자리의 Co이온과 같은 원자가 +2를 가지게 되는 것으로 설명 가능하며 Cr치환의 경우는 +3을 가지게 되어 같은 양의 $Fe^{3+}$이온들의 $Fe^{2+}$로의 환원이 발생하는 것으로 설명되어질 수 있다. $Cr_Co_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$박막들에 대한 Mossbauer 스펙트럼 측정 결과 사면체 자리에 $Fe^{2+}$이온의 존재가 관측되었으며 이는 $Cr^{3+}$이온의 팔면체 자리 치환에 의하여 야기되는 사면체 자리의 $Fe^{3+}{\rightarrow}Fe^{2+}$ 환원에 의한 것으로 해석된다. 반면에 $Mn_xCo_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$ 박막들에 대한 Mossbauer스펙트럼 측정 결과, $Fe^{2+}$ 이온의 존재는 관측되지 않았으며 Mn 치환량이 큰 경우 (>0.47)팔면체 자리의 $Fe^{3+}$이온들의 사면체 자리로의 이동이 관측되었다. 박막들에 대한 진동시료자화(vibrating sample magnetometry)측정 결과, Mn, Cr 치환의 경우 모두 $CoFe_2O_4$와 비교하여 포화자화량이 증가함이 나타났으며 치환에 관여한 이온들 간의 스핀 자기 능률 크기의 비교를 통하여 그 정성적인 설명이 가능하다.

Nickel Substitution Effects on Nano-sized Co, Mn and MnZn Ferrites Synthesized by Sol-gel Method

  • Choi, Won-Ok;Kwon, Woo Hyun;Chae, Kwang Pyo;Lee, Young Bae
    • Journal of Magnetics
    • /
    • 제21권1호
    • /
    • pp.40-45
    • /
    • 2016
  • Nickel substituted nano-sized ferrite powders, $Co_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$, $Mn_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ and $Mn_{1-2x}Zn_xNi_xFe_2O_4$ ($0.0{\leq}x{\leq}0.2$), were fabricated using a sol-gel method, and their crystallographic and magnetic properties were subsequently compared. The lattice constants decreased as quantity of nickel substitution increased, while the particle size decreased in $Co_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ ferrite but increased for the $Mn_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ and $Mn_{1-2x}Zn_xNi_xFe_2O_4$ ferrites. For the $Co_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ and $Mn_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ ($0.0{\leq}x{\leq}0.2$) ferrite powders, the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectra could be fitted as the superposition of two Zeeman sextets due to the tetrahedral and octahedral sites of the $Fe^{3+}$ ions. However, the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectrum of $Mn_{0.8}Zn_{0.1}Ni_{0.1}Fe_2O_4$ consisted of two Zeeman sextets and one single quadrupole doublet due to the ferrimagnetic and paramagnetic behavior. The area ratio of the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectra could be used to determine the cation distribution equation, and we also explain the variation in the $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ parameters by using this cation distribution equation, the superexchange interaction and the particle size. The saturation magnetization decreased in the $Co_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ and $Mn_{1-2x}Zn_xNi_xFe_2O_4$ ferrites but increased in the $Mn_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ ferrite with nickel substitution. The coercivity decreased in the $Co_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ and $Mn_{1-2x}Zn_xNi_xFe_2O_4$ ferrites but increased in the $Mn_{1-x}Ni_xFe_2O_4$ ferrite with nickel substitution. These variations could thus be explained by using the site distribution equations, particle sizes and spin magnetic moments of the substituted ions.

Effects of Cr Doping on Magnetic Properties of Inverse Spinel CoFe2O4 Thin Films

  • Kim, Kwang-Joo;Kim, Hee-Kyung;Park, Young-Ran;Park, Jae-Yun
    • Journal of Magnetics
    • /
    • 제11권1호
    • /
    • pp.51-54
    • /
    • 2006
  • Variation of magnetic properties through Cr substitution for Co in inverse-spinel $CoFe_2O_4$ has been investigated by vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM) and conversion electron $M\ddot{o}ssbauer$ spectroscopy (CEMS). $Cr_{x}Co_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$ samples were prepared as thin films by a sol-gel method. The lattice constant of the $Cr_{x}Co_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$ samples was found to remain unchanged, explainable in terms of a reduction of tetrahedral $Fe^{3+}$ ion to $Fe^{2+}$ due to substitution of $Cr^{3+}$ ion into octahedral $Co^{2+}$ site. The existence of the tetrahedral $Fe^{2+}$ ions in $Cr_{x}Co_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$ was confirmed by CEMS analysis. Room-temperature magnetic hysteresis curves for the $Cr_{x}Co_{1-x}Fe_2O_4$ films measured by VSM revealed that the saturation magnetization $M_s$ increases by Cr doping. The $M_s$ is maximized when x = 0.1 and decreases for higher x but is still bigger than that of $CoFe_2O_4$. The increase of $M_s$ can be explained partly by the reduction of the tetrahedral $Fe^{3+}$ ion to $Fe^{2+}$.

Sodium Borohydride 하에서 산소에 의한 포화- 및 불포화-질소주게 거대고리 착물 $(M=Co^{3+},\;Fe^{3+}$$Mn^{3+})$을 촉매로 한 Hindered Phenols의 산화반응 (Saturated- and Unsaturated-Azamacrocyclic Complexes $(M = Co^{3+}, Fe^{3+}$ or $Mn^{3+})$ Catalyzed Oxidation of Hindered Phenols by Molecular Oxygen under Sodium Borohydride)

  • 박유철;김성수;나훈길
    • 대한화학회지
    • /
    • 제37권7호
    • /
    • pp.648-654
    • /
    • 1993
  • $[M(cyclam)X_2]Y(M=Co^{3+},\;Fe^{3+},\;Mn^{3+}\;:\;X=Cl-^,\;Br^-,\;NCS^-\;:\;Y=Cl^-,\;Br^-,\;NCS^-),\;[Co(trans-14-diene)X_2]Y(X=Cl^-,\;Br^-\;:\;Y= ClO_4^-)$$[Co(trans-14-diene)](ClO_4)_2$ 착이온은 sodium borohydride 하에서 산소를 활성화시킬 수 있었다. 활성화된 산소에 의한 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol 과 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol 산화반응의 생성물질을 각각 2,4-tert-butyl-1,6-benzoquinone(BQ) 와 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyldiphenoquinone(DPQ) 이었다. BQ와 DPQ 생성반응에서 포화 거대고리 리간드 착물인 $[Co(cyclam)X_2]Y$은 불포화 거대고리착물 $[Co(trans-14-diene)X_2]Y$에 비하여 더 효과적인 촉매제이었다. 촉매로 작용한 Co(III)-거대고리착물과 산소간의 몰 결합비$(O_2/M)$는 1/1이었고, $[M(cyclam)Cl_2]Cl(M=Fe(III)$, Mn(III))에서는 이들 비가 1/2이었다. 반응(10)과 (2)에서 산소분자의 활성종은 Co(III) 거대고리착물이온과 $[M(cyclam)Cl_2]Cl(M=Fe(III)$, Mn(III))에서 각각 superoxolike$({O_2}^-)$와 peroxolike$({O_2}^{2-})$로 가정하였다.

  • PDF

Co-ferrite 박막에서 양이온 거동에 관한 Mössbauer 분광 연구 (Mossbauer Study for the Cation Distribution of Co-ferrite (CoxFe1-xO4) Thin Films)

  • 박재윤;박영란;김희경;김광주
    • 한국자기학회지
    • /
    • 제16권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-5
    • /
    • 2006
  • 결정구조는 같은 spinel 구조이나, 자기적으로는 각각 반강자성과 준강자성 특성을 띠고 있는 $Co_3O_4$와 자철광 $Fe_3O_4$의 혼성 Co-ferrite인 $Co_xFe_{1-x}O_4$ 박막을 sol-gel법으로 제조하여, Fe 이온에 대한 Co 이온 치환으로 발생된 양이온 거동이 Co-ferrite 박막의 결정구조 및 자기적 특성에 미치는 효과를 XRB 실험, VSM 측정, 그리고 Conversion Electron Mossbauer Spectroscopy (CEMS) 실험으로 조사하였다. 그 결과 $Co^{3+}$ 이온이 주로 $Fe^{3+}$ 이온을 치환하여 단위정의 크기가 감소를 가져오며, 결정구조는 inverse spinel 구조에서 normal spinel 구조로 변환된다. CEMS 분광실험을 통하여 확인된 Fe 이온의 site preference는 주로 $Fe^{3+}$ 이온이 $Co^{3+}$ 치환됨을 보여주고 있으며, 동시에 B-site의 $Co^{2+}$ 이온은 A-site로 이동된다. 자화곡선 측정결과 Co 조성값의 증가로 자기 moment값이 감소되는 것으로 나타났는데, 이것은 low spin상태의 $Co^{3+}$이 high spin상태의 $Fe^{3+}$이온을 치환하여 주로 발생한 것이다.

Characteristics of SrCo1-xFexO3-δ Perovskite Powders with Improved O2/CO2 Production Performance for Oxyfuel Combustion

  • Shen, Qiuwan;Zheng, Ying;Luo, Cong;Zheng, Chuguang
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • 제35권6호
    • /
    • pp.1613-1618
    • /
    • 2014
  • Perovskite-type oxides are promising oxygen carriers in producing oxygen-enriched $CO_2$ gas stream for oxyfuel combustion. In this study, a new series of $SrCo_{1-x}Fe_xO_{3-{\delta}}$ (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) was prepared and used to produce $O_2/CO_2$ mixture gas. The phase, crystal structure, and morphological properties of $SrCo_{1-x}Fe_xO_{3-{\delta}}$ were investigated through X-ray diffraction, specific surface area measurements, and environmental scanning electron microscopy. The oxygen desorption performance of $SrCo_{1-x}Fe_xO_{3-{\delta}}$ was studied in a fixed-bed reactor system. Results showed that the different x values of $SrCo_{1-x}Fe_xO_{3-{\delta}}$ have no obvious effects on crystalline structure. However, the oxygen desorption performance of $SrCo_{1-x}Fe_xO_{3-{\delta}}$ is improved by Co doping. Moreover, $SrCo_{0.8}Fe_{0.2}O_{3-{\delta}}$ synthesized via a new EDTA method has a larger BET surface area ($40.396m^2/g$), smaller particle size (48.3 nm), and better oxygen production performance compared with that synthesized through a liquid citrate method.

알칼리형 연료전지에서 산소환원에 미치는 촉매 특성 연구 I. La0.6Sr0.4Co1-xFexO3의 합성과 산소환원반응 (A Study on the Catalytic Characteristics of Oxygen Reduction in an Alkaline Fuel Cell I. Synthesis of La0.6Sr0.4Co1-xFexO3 and Reduction Reaction of Oxygen)

  • 문형대;이호인
    • 공업화학
    • /
    • 제7권3호
    • /
    • pp.543-553
    • /
    • 1996
  • 산소전극 촉매로서 페롭스카이트형 산화물을 사용하여 알칼리형 연료전지에서의 산소환원반응에 관하여 연구하였다. 능금산(malic acid)을 사용하여 고표면적의 페롭스카이트형 $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Co_{1-x}Fe_xO_3$(x=0.00, 0.01, 0.10, 0.20, 0.35 및 0.50) 산화물을 제조하였으며, Fe 치환량과 암모니아수 첨가량에 따른 XRD 구조와 비표면적의 변화를 고찰하여 Fe와 암모니아간에 생성되어지는 착화합물이 페롭스카이트로의 구조안정화와 비표면적 증대의 주요임을 알았다. 그리고 페롭스카이트 단일상을 얻기 위해서는 다단계 승온처리가 필요했으며, XRD 실험결과 단순 정입방체상이 형성됨을 확인하였다. $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Co_{1-x}Fe_xO_3$ 산화물을 촉매로 사용한 알칼리형 연료전지용 산소전극의 산소환원반응활성을 측정하기 위하여 순환 전압-전류법, 정전압-전류법, 전류단절법 등을 이용하였다. $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Co_{1-x}Fe_xO_3$ 산화물에서 Fe의 치환비가 증가함에 따라, x=0.01에서 최소, x=0.20와 0.35 사이에서 최대의 산소환원활성(전류밀도)을 보였으며, 이와 같은 경향은 표면적의 변화와 무관하였다.

  • PDF

Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Ti1-xMxO2-δ (M=Co and Fe) Thin Films Grown by Sol-gel Method

  • Kim, Kwang-Joo;Park, Young-Ran;Ahn, Geun-Young;Kim, Chul-Sung;Park, Jae-Yun
    • 한국자기학회지
    • /
    • 제15권2호
    • /
    • pp.109-112
    • /
    • 2005
  • Electronic and magnetic properties of $Ti_{1-x}M_xO_{2-\delta}$ (M=Co and Fe) thin films grown by sol-gel method have been investigated. Anatase and rutile $Ti_{1-x}Co_xO_{2-\delta}$ films were successfully grown on $Al_2O_3$ (0001) substrates and exhibited p-type electrical conductivity while the undoped films n-type conductivity. Room temperature vibrating sample magnetometry measurements on the anatase and rutile $Ti_{1-x}Co_xO_{2-\delta}$ films with same x ($=4.8 at.{\%}$) showed quite similar magnetic hysteresis curves with the saturation magnetic moment of $\~4 {\mu}_B$ per Co ion despite their differences in structural and electronic properties. Such giant magnetic moment is attributable to the unquenched orbital moment of the $Co^{2+}$ ions substituting the octahedral $Ti^{4+}$ sites. Similar ferromagnetic behavior was observed for $Ti_{1-x}Fe_xO_{2-\delta}$ films that are highly resistive compared to the Co doped samples. Saturation magnetic moment was found to decrease for higher x, i.e., $\~2$ and $\~1.5 {\mu}_B$ per Fe ion for x=2.4 and 5.8 at. $\%$, respectively. Conversion electron $M\ddot{o}ssbauer$ spectroscopy measurements predicted the coexistence of $Fe^{2+}$ and $Fe^{3+}$ ions at the octahedral sites of $Ti_{1-x}Fe_xO_{2-\delta}$.