• 제목/요약/키워드: $Fe^{2+}

검색결과 11,669건 처리시간 0.047초

Efficacy evaluation of novel organic iron complexes in laying hens: effects on laying performance, egg quality, egg iron content, and blood biochemical parameters

  • Jiuai Cao;Jiaming Zhu;Qin Zhou;Luyuan Zhao;Chenhao Zou;Yanshan Guo;Brian Curtin;Fei Ji;Bing Liu;Dongyou Yu
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.498-505
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    • 2023
  • Objective: This study was conducted to determine the optimal dose of novel iron amino acid complexes (Fe-Lys-Glu) by measuring laying performance, egg quality, egg iron (Fe) concentrations, and blood biochemical parameters in laying hens. Methods: A total of 1,260 18-week-old healthy Beijing White laying hens were randomly divided into 7 groups with 12 replicates of 15 birds each. After a 2-wk acclimation to the basal diet, hens were fed diets supplemented with 0 (negative control, the analyzed innate iron content was 75.06 mg/kg), 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu or 45 mg Fe/kg from FeSO4 (positive control) for 24 wk. Results: Results showed that compared with the negative and positive control groups, dietary supplementation with 30 to 75 mg Fe/kg from Fe-Lys-Glu significantly (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) increased the laying rate (LR) and average daily egg weight (ADEW); hens administered 45 to 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu showed a remarkable (linear, p<0.05) decrease in feed conversion ratio. There were no significant differences among all groups in egg quality. The iron concentrations in egg yolk and serum were elevated by increasing Fe-Lys-Glu levels, and the highest iron content was found in 75 mg Fe/kg group. In addition, hens fed 45 mg Fe/kg from Fe-Lys-Glu had (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) higher yolk Fe contents than that with the same dosage of FeSO4 supplementation. The red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin content (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) increased obviously in the groups fed with 30 to 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu in comparison with the control group. Fe-Lys-Glu supplementation also (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) enhanced the activity of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) in serum, as a result, the serum malonaldehyde content (linear and quadratic, p<0.05) decreased in hens received 60 to 75 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Lys-Glu. Conclusion: Supplementation Fe-Lys-Glu in laying hens could substitute for FeSO4 and the optimal additive levels of Fe-Lys-Glu are 45 mg Fe/kg in layers diets based on the quadratic regression analysis of LR, ADEW, RBC, and Cu/Zn-SOD.

비자성 이온 Ga, In이 치환된 유화물 스피넬의 뫼스바우어 분광학 연구 (The Effect of Non Magnetic ion Substitution for the FeCr2-xMxS4(M=Ga, In) by Mossbauer Spectroscopy)

  • 손배순;김삼진;김철성
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.6-10
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    • 2006
  • 단일상 $FeCr_{2-x}M_xS_4$ (M=Ga, In; x=0.1, 0.3)에 대하여 x-선 회절기(XRD), 진동 시료 자화율 측정기(VSM), 뫼스바우어 분광기를 이용하여 비자성 이온의 치환효과를 연구하였다. 결정구조는 Rietveld프로그램을 이용하여 공간그룹이 Fd3m[Fe, Ga, In(8a); Cr, Ga, In(160); S(32e) (u, u, u)]인 입방 스피넬 구조임을 확인하였다. 비자성 이온 Ga이 치환된 시료의 경우, Ga이 치환 될수록 격자상수가 10.007에서 $9.996\;{\AA}$,으로 감소하는 반면, In이 치환된 시료의 경우, In이 치환 될수록 격자상수가 10.029에서 $10.092\;{\AA}$로 증가함을 확인하였다 VSM측정 결과 Ga과 In이 치환 될수록 Neel온도는 각각 180에서 188K, 173에서 160K로 변화하였는데, 이것은 격자상수의 변화에 따른 사면체 자리(A자리)와 팔면체 자리(B 자리)의 초교환 상호작용 세기의 변화로 해석 할 수 있었다 $4.2K\~300K$의 온도범위에 걸쳐서 뫼스바우어 스펙트럼을 분석한 결과 Fe이온이 각각 A자리와 B자리에 점유함을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이것은 비자성 이온 Ga과 In 이 A자리의 Fe이온의 비대칭적인 전하 분포를 야기시키는 것으로 해석할 수 있었다. 또한 Cr-S의 결합거리를 비교해 본 결과, $FeCr_{2-x}Ga_xS_4$(x=0.3)와 RFeCr_{2-x}In_xS_4$ (x=0.3)가 각각 2.41, $2.43\;{\AA}$$FeCr_{2-x}Ga_xS_4$(x=0.3)의 결합거리가 작아 공유 결합력이 커짐에 따라 비대칭적인 전하 분포를 유도함으로 해석할 수 있다. 이는 큰 전기 사중극자를 유도하는 결과와 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

Development of Cobalt-free $La_xSr_{4-x}Fe_6O_{13}$ ($0{\leq}x{\leq}2$) Intergrowth Cathode Material for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

  • 이승준;용석민;김동석;김도경
    • 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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    • pp.45.1-45.1
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    • 2011
  • Cobalt-free $La_xSr_{4-x}Fe_6O_{13}$ ($0{\leq}x{\leq}2$) oxide have been synthesized and investigated as a potential cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). $Sr_4Fe_6O_{13}$ consists of alternating perovskite layers ($Sr_4Fe_2O_8$) containing iron cations in octahedral oxygen coordination and $Fe_4O_5$ layers where iron cations have 5-fold coordination of two types-square pyramids and trigonal bipyramids. Our preliminary electrochemical testes of pristine $Sr_4Fe_6O_{13}$ show a rather high area specific resistance ($0.47{\Omega}cm^2$ at $700^{\circ}C$) for ~20 ${\mu}m$ thick layers with CGO electrolyte. The electrochemical performances are improved by La addition up to x=1 ($La_1Sr_3Fe_6O_{13}$, $0.06{\Omega}cm^2$ at $700^{\circ}C$). In addition, thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) values of $La_1Sr_3Fe_6O_{13}$ specimen demonstrated $15.1{\times}10^{-6}\;^{\circ}C^{-1}$ in the range of 25-900$^{\circ}C$, which provides good thermal expansion compatibility with the CGO electrolyte. An electrolyte supported (300-${\mu}m$-thick) single-cell configuration of $La_1Sr_3Fe_6O_{13}$/CGO/Ni-CGO delivered a maximum power density of 584 $mWcm^{-2}$ at $700^{\circ}C$. In addition, an anode supported single cell by YSZ electrolyte (10-${\mu}m$-thick) with a porous CGO interlayer between the cathode and the electrolyte to avoid undesired interfacial reactions exhibited 1,517 $mWcm^{-2}$ at $800^{\circ}C$. The unique composition of $La_1Sr_3Fe_6O_{13}$ with low thermal expansion coefficient and higher electrochemical properties could be a good cathode candidate for intermediate temperature SOFCs with CGO and YSZ electrolyte.

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Salicylate가 담배 미분화세포 isoperoxidase $A_3$의 활성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Salicylate on the Activity of Isoperoxidase $A_3$ from Tobacco Callus)

  • 이미영
    • 환경생물
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.211-217
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    • 2001
  • 식물의 저항성과 방어관련물질 유도에 관련된 salicylate가 담배 미분화세포로부터 분리된 isoperoxidase $A_3$의 활성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, $Fe^{2+}$ 의 첨가에 의하여 salicylate에 의한 효소활성 억제가 보호되는 양상을 조사하였다. 다양한 농도의 salicylate가 isoperoxidase $A_3$의 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 0.48mM salicylate에 의하여 isoperoxidase $A_3$의 활성이 약 20% 감소되었고, 0.6mM salicylate에 의하여 효소활성이 85% 이상 감소되었다. 이러한 결과는 salicylate에 의하여 isoperoxiase $A_3$가 억제됨을 보여준다. Salicylate에 의한 isoperoxidase $A_3$의 억제반응은 pH 의존적으로 일어났을 뿐만 아니라, noncompetitive inhibition 양상을 나타냈다. 뿐만 아니라 salicylate에 의한 isoperoxidase $A_3$의 활성억제는 $Fe^{2+}$ 첨가에 의하여 거의 완벽하게 보호되었다. Isoeroxidase A3로부터 heme부분을 제거하여 apoperoxidase를 제조한 후 여러가지 금속이온이 apoperoxidase의 활성회복에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과 hemin과 $Fe^{2+}$ 첨가에 의하여 apoperoxidase의 활성이 80% 이상 회복되었으나 $Cu^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Mn^{2+}$ 등은 apoperoxidase의 활성을 재구성시키지 못하였다.

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Pb(Fe$_{1/2}Sb_{1/2})$O$_3$+ Pb(Zr$_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})o_3$ 계 세라믹스의 압전 특성 (Piezoeletric properties of Pb(Fe$_{1/2}Sb_{1/2})$O$_3$+ Pb(Zr$_{0.52}Ti_{0.48})o_3$system ceramics)

  • 양병모;박용욱;윤석진;김현재;박창엽
    • 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전기전자재료학회 1996년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.54-58
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    • 1996
  • In this paper, the structure, dieletric and piezoelectric properties of Pb(Fe$_{\frac{1}{2}}$/Sb$_{\frac{1}{2}}$$O_3$+ Pb(Zr$_{0.52}$ Ti$_{0.48}$ )O$_3$system ceramics were investigated and the effects of donor Nb$^{+5}$ on these properties were characterized for the application of the actuator. In xPb(Fe$_{\frac{1}{2}}$Sb$_{\frac{1}{2}}$)O$_3$+ (1-x) Pb(Zr$_{0.52}$ Ti$_{0.48}$ )O$_3$system ceramics, tetragonality decreased as x and Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ wt% were increased. In 0.05Pb(Fe$_{\frac{1}{2}}$Sb$_{\frac{1}{2}$}$)O$_3$+ 0.95 Pb(Zr$_{0.52}$ Ti$_{0.48}$ )O$_3$system, grain size was smallest but showed best dielectric and piezoelectric properties. The specimen sintered at 120$0^{\circ}C$ in 0.05pb(Fe$_{\frac{1}{2}}$Sb$_{\frac{1}{2}}$ )O$_3$+ 0.95 Pb(Zr$_{0.52}$ Ti$_{0.48}$ )O$_3$+ Nb$_2$O$_{5}$ 0.6wt% exihibited best piezoeletric properties such as $K^{p}$ =64%, d$_{33}$ =490 [$\times$10$^{-12}$ C/N] and strain was 1320[$\times$10$^{-6}$ Δ$\ell$/$\ell$]at AC 6kV/cm

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Experimental study of degradation and biodegradability of oxytetracycline antibiotic in aqueous solution using Fenton process

  • Zouanti, Mustapha;Bezzina, Mohamed;Dhib, Ramdhane
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제25권3호
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    • pp.316-323
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    • 2020
  • The degradation of aqueous oxytetracycline (OTC) from an aqueous solution antibiotic using H2O2/Fe2+ process was studied in one 1 L batch chemical reactor. The extent of OTC degradation (20 mg/L) was investigated from a known initial pH solution, temperature and the type of catalyst (Fe2+, Fe3+) and for various initial concentrations of OTC, H2O2 and Fe2+. The degradation efficiency achieved was found to be very important (90.82% and 90.63%) at initial pH solution of 3 and 4, respectively. However, the type of catalyst and the reaction temperature had a slight impact on the final degradation of OTC. The results showed that the OTC removal increased with increasing initial H2O2 concentration in the range of 70 to 150 mg/L and initial Fe2+ concentrations in the range of 2 to 5 mg/L. The highest degradation efficiency obtained at ambient temperature was 90.95% with initial concentration of OTC of 10 mg/L, H2O2 = 150 mg/L and Fe2+ = 5 mg/L. Moreover, biodegradability improved from 0.04 to 0.36 and chemical oxygen demand degradation was 78.35% after 60 min of treatment. This study proved that Fenton process can be used for pretreatment of wastewater contaminated by OTC before a biological treatment.

나노두께 퍼말로이에서의 계면효과에 의한 자기적 물성 변화 (Evolution of Magnetic Property in Ultra Thin NiFe Films)

  • 정영순;송오성
    • 한국자기학회지
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    • 제14권5호
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    • pp.163-168
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    • 2004
  • 나노 두께의 NiFe의 자기적 특성을 살펴보기 위해 Si(100)/ $SiO_2$(200 nm)/Ta(5 nm)/N $i_{80}$F $e_{20}$(1~15 nm)의 구조를 ICP형 헬리콘 스퍼터로 제작하였다. 제작된 시편의 자기적 물성은 SQUID를 이용하여 $\pm$50 Oe에서의 4.2K와 300K에서 각각의 M-H loop를 측정하여 자기탄성에너지 변화와 보자력을 확인하였다. 또한 SQUID로 4.2K-300K에서의 M-T curve를 통해 온도에 따른 포화자화를 두께에 따라 살펴보았다. TEM을 사용하여 제작된 시편의 각 계면간의 미세구조를 살펴보았다 나노두께의 NiFe는 3 nm 이하에서는 $B_{bulk}$=0, $B_{surf}$=-3${\times}$$10^{-7}$(J/$m^2$)의 자기 탄성계수를 보였으며, 보자력은 급격히 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 나노 두께의 퍼말로이는 계면효과에 의해서 벌크특성과 다른 자기탄성계수, 보자력, Ms의 변화가 발생하였다. 따라서 나노급 소자를 제작할 때 이러한 변화를 고려하여 설계하여야 하였다.