• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1737-1746
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• 2013

IbMYB1, a transcription factor (TF) for R2R3-type MYB TFs, is a key regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis during storage of sweet potatoes. Anthocyanins provide important antioxidants of nutritional value to humans, and also protect plants from oxidative stress. This study aimed to increase transgenic potatoes' (Solanum tuberosum cv. LongShu No.3) tolerance to environmental stress and enhance their nutritional value. Transgenic potato plants expressing IbMYB1 genes under the control of an oxidative stress-inducible peroxidase (SWPA2) promoter (referred to as SM plants) were successfully generated through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Two representative transgenic SM5 and SM12 lines were evaluated for enhanced tolerance to salinity, UV-B rays, and drought conditions. Following treatment of 100 mM NaCl, seedlings of SM5 and SM12 lines showed less root damage and more shoot growth than control lines expressing only an empty vector. Transgenic potato plants in pots treated with 400 mM NaCl showed high amounts of secondary metabolites, including phenols, anthocyanins, and flavonoids, compared with control plants. After treatment of 400 mM NaCl, transgenic potato plants also showed high DDPH radical scavenging activity and high PS II photochemical efficiency compared with the control line. Furthermore, following treatment of NaCl, UV-B, and drought stress, the expression levels of IbMYB1 and several structural genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis such as CHS, DFR, and ANS in transgenic plants were found to be correlated with plant phenotype. The results suggest that enhanced IbMYB1 expression affects secondary metabolism, which leads to improved tolerance ability in transgenic potatoes.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제28권
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• pp.39-46
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• 2010

칠성초에 역병 저항성을 도입한 칠복1호에 베트남 도입 풋마름병 저항성 계통을 교배하여 육성한 $F_2$ 및 $BC_1F_1$에서부터 $F_4$ 및 $BC_1F_3$까지 역병-풋마름병 복합 저항성 선발을 2009년도와 2010년도에 걸쳐 수행하였다. 매 세대 역병을 접종하여 저항성을 평가하여 선발하고 선발개체에 풋마름병을 접종하여 감염되는 개체는 도태하였다. 역병에 대한 저항성은 선발과 함께 현저히 향상되었으며, 선발계통들은 역병 저항성으로 판매되고 있는 교배종 '무한질주'와 비슷한 수준의 저항성을 나타내었다. $BC_1F_2$ 선발개체를 칠복CMS-A라인에 교배를 하여 $F_1$의 임성을 보고 화분친의 CMS-Rf유전자형을 검정하였다. 대부분Nrfrf로 고정되고, 칠복 ${\times}$ KC995, 칠복 ${\times}$ KC1009 조합의 일부 개체가 이형(heterozygote) 상태인 것으로 확인되었다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2020

A serious leaf disease caused by Colletotrichum dematium was found during the cultivation of Sarcandra glabra in Jingxi, Rong'an, and Donglan Counties in Guangxi Province, which inflicted huge losses to plant productivity. Biological control gradually became an effective control method for plant pathogens. Many studies showed that the application of actinomycetes in biological control has been effective. Therefore, it may be of great significance to study the application of actinomycetes on controlling the diseases caused by S. glabra. Strains of antifungal actinomycetes capable of inhibiting C. dematium were identified, isolated and screened from healthy plants tissues and the rhizospheres in soils containing S. glabra. In this study, 15 actinomycetes strains were isolated and among these, strains JT-2F, DT-3F, and JJ-3F, appeared to show antagonistic effects against anthracnose of S. glabra. The strains JT-2F and DT-3F were isolated from soil, while JJ-3F was isolated from plant stems. The antagonism rate of strain JT-2F was 86.75%, which was the highest value among the three strains. Additionally, the JT-2F strain also had the strongest antagonistic activity when the antagonistic activities were tested against seven plant pathogens. Strain JT-2F is able to produce proteases and cellulase to degrade the protein and cellulose components of cell walls of C. dematium, respectively. This results in mycelia damage which leads to inhibition of the growth of C. dematium. Strain JT-2F was identified as Streptomyces tsukiyonensis based on morphological traits and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 1999

KF 116 was TMV resistant tobacco plant and KB 301 was PVY resistant plant transformed with TMV CP gene and PVY CP gene, respectively. These resistant plants were cross-fertilized and the 4 lines of the TMV-PVY resistant plants were selected from F1 hybrid plants. The rate of PVY-resistant plant in these hybrids was 100 percent and that of TMV-resistant plants including delay type was 90-98 percent at 4 weeks after virus inoculation. It was confirmed that the TMV and PVY CP genes were integrated into the genome of hybrid plants by genomic PCR, and Southern blot hybridization. The genome of F1 hybrid plants had one copy and 4 copies of PVY-CP gene and TMV-CP gene, respectively, and CaMV 35S promoters were not methylated, regardless of the difference symptom development to TMV.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.42-46
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• 1962

(1) 위조독소(Fusaric acid)를 생성하는 참깨, 시들음병균(Fusarium oxysporun f. vasinfectum)의 배양여액이 참깨, 밀, 목화, 벼 등의 종자의 발아에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 본시험에 착수하였다. (2) 공시균의 10종의 계통의 배양여액을 첨가한 발아상에 있어서의 참깨, 목화, 밀, 벼 등의 종자의 발아상태를 조사한 결과 공시균의 몇 가지 계통의 배양여액은 이들 작물종자의 발아에 뚜렷한 경향을 주지 않지만 대부분의 계통의 배양여액은 참깨, 목화, 밀, 벼 등의 종자발아를 완전히 조지하거나 혹은 발아지연 또는발아율의 저하를 초래한다는 것을 알았다. a. 공시균의 10종의 계통중 201호균의 배양여액은 참깨, 목화, 밀, 벼 등의 종자발아를 거의 완전히 저지하고 있으며 발아를 유제하는 독성에 있어서 작물간차이는 볼 수 없었으나 이 밖의 281, 321호균 등의 배양여액은 참깨, 목화. 밀, 벼 등 종자의 발아를 억제하는 독성에 있어서 작물간 차이를 볼 수 있었다. b. Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum의 첩양여액이 종자발아를 억제하는 독성에 대하여 참깨가 가장 감수성이 강하고 벼는 감수성이 가장 약하며 밀, 목화 등의 감수성은 참깨와 혀의 그것의 중간에 속한다. (3) Fusarium oxysporum f. vasinfectum 여러 가지 계통균이 혼재하는 토양에서는 밀, 벼 등 비기주작물도 이 균이 토양중에 생성하는 Fusaric acid에 의하여 종자발아나 발아후의 생육이 저해될 가능성이 있다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2011

딸기의 크라운과 뿌리를 갈변시키는 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fragariae에 의한 시들음병은 국내 육묘포장에서 발생하는 중요한 토양병해이다. 육묘기 영양번식을 통한 시들음병 전염 유무를 조사하기 위해 '금향' 품종을 대상으로 시들음병에 감염된 모주로부터 일시채묘 방식으로 자묘를 증식하여 시험에 이용하였다. 시들음병 감염묘와 건전묘간의 자묘생산량 비교에서는 접종 58일 후 감염묘의 러너 발생수는 비닐하우스와 인공광 이용형 육묘 모듈에서 각각 2.7개와 3.8개였으나 건전묘에서는 6.5개와 8.4개로 감염묘에 비해 자묘 생산이 2배 이상 되었다. 시들음병에 감염된 모주에서 영양번식을 통한 자묘의 감염율은 정식 58일 후 1차 러너의 상단부위(2-1)에서 100% 검출되었으나 그 이하 부위에서는 검출이 되지 않았다. 정식 90일 후에는 시들음병균이 1차 러너의 상, 중, 하단 부위(2-1, 2-2, 2-3) 모두에서 100% 검출되었으며, 1차 자묘에서도 60%의 검출율을 보였다. 반면 건전 묘에서는 정식 58일과 90일 후에도 시들음병균은 전혀 검출되지 않았다. 위의 결과를 토대로 딸기 시들음병은 토양 전염 외에 감염된 모주로부터 영양번식을 통한 자묘로의 전염 가능성을 확인하였으며 시들음병의 건전묘 생산방법으로 인공광 환경에서 생산된 1차 자묘를 육묘용 모주로 이용하는 것도 좋을 것으로 판단된다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2023

In July 2021, wilting symptoms were observed in adult and seedling hemp (Cannabis sativa L. cv. Cherry Blossom) plants grown in a greenhouse. As the disease progressed, yellowing and wilting symptoms on the leaves developed, resulting in whole plant death. In seedling plants, typical damping-off symptoms were observed. To identify the pathogen, the roots of diseased plants were sampled, surface sterilized, and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. From the culture, 4 different fungal isolates were recovered and purely cultured. Each fungal isolate showed distinct growth shapes and color development on malt extract agar, oatmeal agar, sabouraud dextrose agar, and PDA media. Microscopic observation and molecular identification using ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer sequencing identified them as 3 Fusarium spp. and 1 Thielaviopsis paradoxa. Additional sequencing of elongation factor 1-alpha and b-tubulin regions of 3 Fusarium spp. revealed that 2 of them are Fusarium solani, and the other one is Fusarium proliferatum. To examine which isolate can act as a causal agent of wilt disease of hemp, each isolate was tested for their pathogenicity. In the pathogenicity test, F. solani AMCF1 and AMCF2, and F. proliferatum AMCF3, but not T. paradoxa AMCF4, were able to cause wilting disease in hemp seedlings. Therefore, we report that F. solani AMCF1 and AMCF2, and F. proliferatum AMCF3 as causal agents of Fusarium wilt of hemp plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the wilt disease of C. sativa L. caused by Fusarium spp. in Korea.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2005

Penicillium oxalicum strain CBPS-3F-Tsa, an efficient phosphate solubilizing fungus, was evaluated for its production of organic acid in vitro and effect of inoculation on the growth promotion of Maize under greenhouse conditions. The fungus solubilized 129.1, 118.8, and 54.1 mg P/1 of tricalcium phosphate [$Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$], aluminum phosphate ($A1PO_{4}$),and ferric phosphate ($FePO_{4}$), respectively, after 72 h of incubation. Malic acid, gluconic acid, and oxalic acid were detected in the flasks supplemented with various phosphate sources [240, 146, 145 mM/1 $A1PO_{4},\;FePO_{4},\;and\;Ca_{3}(PO_{4})_{2}$, respectively] together with a large amount of malic acid followed by the other two. The effects of inoculation of P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa on maize plants were studied under pot culture conditions. P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa was inoculated to maize plants alone or together with inorganic phosphates in the form of fused phosphates (FP) and rock phosphates (RP). Inoculation of P. oxalicum CBPS-3F-Tsa increased the plant growth and N and P accumulation in plants, compared with control plants, and also had positive effects when applied with RP. The results of this study show that the fungus P. oxalicum strain CBPS-3F-Tsa could solubilize different insoluble phosphates by producing organic acids, particularly malic acid, and also improved the efficiency of RP applied to maize plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 2000

The anthocyanin gene encoding flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase(F3,5H) was normally expressed in Nicotiana tobacco (Xanthi) plants cocultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 carrying egg plant flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase cDNA. Northern blot analysis showed the normal expression of F3', 5'H gene from transgenic plants. Here we found the phenotypic differences between transgenic plants and wild-type plants. The petal shape of transgenic plants showed more round shape and around petal tube area was compared to that of wild-type tobacco plants. And the petal color of transgenic plants was much lighter than that of wild-type tobacco plants.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.21-24
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• 1962

Intergeneric crossings between the inbred line of Brassica pekinensis var. Chongbangkokun and inbred line of Raphanus sativus var. Oolsanjaelae were made using Brassica as female plant, and obtained two individuals of intergeneric hybrids. Morphological characters of the two F1 hybrids are mostly intermediate of the two parental species, and their somatic chromosome number is 19. Meiotic behaviors of the parental plants were normal, while those of F1 plants were extremely irregular. The mean pairing frequencies per cell of hybrids are 1.09II＋16.811(examined in May), and 1.76II＋15.47i(examined in June). Majority of the pollen grain of parent species are normal, whereas those of F1's are invariably abortive. No seed setting was obtained in the hybrid plants left in the open field.