• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.885-892
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• 2001

The purpose at this study was comparied at effect the pulmonary function to breathing exercise(BE) in water with on land. The result was as follow: FVC(Forced Vital Capacity) was decreased 1.5% in control group, increased 1.5% in BE on land group and increased 6.5% in water group after BE, but no significant difference in water group. FEV1(forced expiratory volume at one second) was increased 0.2% in the control group, decreased 0.7% in BE on land group and increased 5.7% in BE in water group after BE, but no significant difference in water group. MVV(maximal voluntary ventilation) was significant difference in BE in water group who was increased 12.2% after BE. It was decreased 1.0% in the control group and increased 0.2% in BE on land group. VC(vital capacity) was decreased 1.5% in the control group, increased 6.2% in BE on land group and increased in BE in water group after BE, but no significant difference in water group. IC(Inspiratory Capacity) was decreased 0.5% in the control group, increased 7.5% in BE on land group and decreased 2.0% in BE in water group after BE, but no significant difference on land group. ERV(Expiratory Reserve Volume) was decreased 0.5% in the control group, increased 3.0% in BE on land group and increased 8.5% in BE in water group after BE, but no significant difference in water group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.585-594
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• 2017

Purpose: Food intake of COPD patients decreases because of appetite loss, depression, and breathing problems while eating, which increase the likelihood of patients becoming malnourished. This study investigated the nutrient intake and dietary quality of people with and without COPD in Korea. Methods: There were 2,160 adults aged 50 and over who participated in the $5{\sim}6^{th}$ Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into the COPD group and non-COPD group according to the rate of forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) against forced vital capacity (FVC). Consumption of food and nutrients were calculated based on the nutrition examination survey. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.0. Results: Among individuals in their 50s, intake of vitamin $B_1$ in the COPD group was significantly less than the NCOPD group, while intake of sodium in the COPD group was significantly greater than the NCOPD group. Among individuals in their 60s, the energy intake of the COPD group was significantly less than that of the NCOPD group. The COPD group showed significantly less intake of vitamin $B_1$ and vitamin C, but greater intake of sodium than the NCOPD group. In the group aged 70 and over, The COPD group had significantly less intake of vitamin $B_1$ than the NCOPD group and showed lower nutrient adequacy ratio values in protein, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, and iron than the NCOPD group. Conclusion: The COPD group consumed less energy and certain nutrients, and their dietary quality was poor compared to the NCOPD group. Thus, more detailed research is required to understand the concrete relationship between COPD and malnutrition.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.495-500
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• 1993

연구배경 : 수술이 불가능한 주기도의 종양성 병변에 의한 기도 폐쇄를 치료하는 방법으로서 Yag-laser 치료, 체외부 방사선치료나 기관지내 방사선치료법 등이 있다. 최근 조기 간암 환자들에서 직접 ethanol을 암조직내로 투입해서 좋은 효과가 보고되고 있어 저자들도 주기도 폐쇄를 일으킨 폐암환자 11명을 대상으로 기관지경을 통해 직접 암종괴내로 ethanol을 주입하여 기도폐쇄를 호전시킬 수 있었기에 보고하는 바이다. 방법 : 지속적인 산소 주입하에 굴곡성 기관지 내시경을 통해 경기관지 흡입침을 이용하여 종양내로 직접 ethanol을 0.5~1.0ml씩을 수회 주입한 후 생검 겸자로 종양을 제거하였으며 필요시는 3~4일후 이 조작을 되풀이하였다. 결과 : ethanol 주입 직후 점막이 창백해지고 출혈이 즉시 멎었으며 지연 효과로서 종양의 괴사가 발생하였으며, 대부분의 환자에서 2~3회 치료후 기간지가 개방되었고 증상 및 흉부 X-선 사진의 호전을 보였다. 11명 환자들에서 폐기능 검사상 FVC가 $2.1{\pm}0.84L$에서 $2.44{\pm}0.92L$로 $FEV_{1.0}$이 $1.48{\pm}0.69L$에서 $1.80{\pm}0.64L$로 증가하였고, $PaO_2$는 $68.1{\pm}9.2$ mmHg에서 $83.9{\pm}8.1$ mmHg로 (p<0.005), $SaO_2$는 $94{\pm}8.5%$에서 $96.6{\pm}1.1%$(p<0.005)로 증가하였으며, $AaDO_2$는 $26.5{\pm}8.5$mmHg에서 $10.9{\pm}9.1$mmHg(p<0.005)로 감소하였다. 결론 : 종양에 의한 주기관지 폐색환자에서 ethanol을 종양 조직내 직접 주입하는 것은 주기도 폐쇄를 치료하는데 빠른 효과를 볼 수 있으며, 저렴한 비용으로 비교적 안전하게 시행할 수 있는 방법이라 생각한다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권6호
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• pp.506-511
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• 2009

Background: The smoking prevalence in asthma patients are similar to those in the general population. Asthma and active cigarette smoking can interact to create more severe symptoms, an accelerated decline in lung function and impaired therapeutic responses. Accordingly, asthmatics with a history of smoking were examined to define the clinical characteristics and lung function of smoking asthmatics. Methods: The medical records of 142 asthmatics with a known smoking history were reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to their smoking history - current smokers, former smokers and non-smokers. The clinical characteristics, lung function, and annual declines of the forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) were compared. Results: Fifty-three of the 142 patients (37%) were current smokers, 24 were former smokers (17%) and 65 were non-smokers (45%). The patients with a hospital admission history during the previous year included 16 current smokers (30%), 4 former smokers (17%) and 7 non-smokers (11%) (p=0.02). The mean $FEV_1$ (% predicted) was 76.8${\pm}$19.8%, 71.6${\pm}$21.1% and 87.9${\pm}$18.7% for current smokers, former smokers and non-smokers, respectively (p< 0.001). The $FEV_1$/forced vital capacity (FVC) (ratio, %) values were 63.6${\pm}$12.6%, 59.3${\pm}$14.9% and 72.1${\pm}$11.8% in current smokers, former smokers and non-smokers, respectively (p<0.001). The corresponding mean values for the individual $FEV_1$ slopes were not significant (p=0.33). Conclusion: Asthmatic smokers demonstrated higher hospital admission rates and lower lung function. These findings suggest that the smoking history is an important predictor of a poor clinical outcome in asthma patients.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.471-482
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• 1996

Early recognition of coalescence in pneumoconiotic lesions is important because such coalescence is associated with the respiratory symptoms and deterioration of lung function. This complicated form of pneumoconiosis also has worse prognosis than does simple pneumoconiosis. High resolution computerized tomography(HRCT) provides significant additional information on the stage of the pneumoconiosis because it easily detects coalescence of nodules and emphysema that may not be apparent on the simple radiograph. The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of HRCT in detection of large opacity and the relationship of change between the coalescence of nodules or emphysema and lung function in dust exposed workers. 1. There was good correlation between the HRCT grade of pneumoconiosis and ILO category of profusion. 5(9.09%) in 55 study population had confluent nodule extending eve, two o, more cuts on HRCT. HRCT could identify the pneumoconiotic nodules which was not found by simple radiogrphy in 6 workers with category 0/0. 2. No significant difference was observed coalescence of nodules and emphysema by dust type. 3. There was no significant difference in pulmonary function according to ILO and HRCT classification. 4. HRCT could detect the significant reduction in $FEV_1,\;FEV_1/FVC$, PEFR, $FEF_{25},\;FEF_{50},\;and\;FEF_{75}$ and remarkable increase in RV and TLC in study persons with emphysema compared with non-emphysema group. 5. Emphysema was found more often in nodules-coalescence group than small opacity group by HRCT. We found that HRCT could easily detect areas of coalescence and complicated emphysema compared to plain chest X-ray. Also our data suggest that it is primarily the degree of emphysema rather than the degree of pneumoconiosis that determines the level of pulmonary function.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.437-443
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• 2010

국내 중고교 엘리트 사이클 선수를 대상으로 점진부하 운동 시 유산소반응과 폐환기 반응을 분석하는데 목적을 두었다. 남자 사이클 선수($17{\pm}1$ 세, $175{\pm}5\;Cm$, $70{\pm}9\;kg$) 12명이 신체계측, 점진부하 운동 검사, 폐기능 검사에 참여하였다. 사이클 에르고미터를 이용한 점진부하 운동 중 이들의 최대산소섭취량($VO_2max$)과 최대파워 (Wmax), 환기량, 산소 및 이산화탄소호흡당량($V_E/VO_2$, $V_E/VCO_2$), 호흡율, 일회호흡량 등이 측정되었다. 호흡반응의 시간변인으로 흡기시간(Ti), 호기시간(Te), 일회호흡시간(Tb), 흡기의무사이클(Ti/Tb), 흡기율($V_T$/Ti)이 분석되었다. 폐기능으로는 폐활량, 일초호기량, 일초율, 최대호기량 등이 측정되었다. 선수들은 최대운동시 $57.5{\pm}3.9\;ml{\cdot}kg^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$의 $VO_2max$, $194.1{\pm}8.6\;beat{\cdot}min^{-1}$의 최대심박수를 보였으며, Wmax 는 평균 452 W에 도달하였다. $VO_2max$은 신체계측 변인들과 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 대부분의 환기반응은 운동강도가 점차적으로 증가하면서 동반 증가하였다. 운동강도의 증가와 함께 Ti, Te, Tb는 감소하였으며, Ti/Tb는 대략적으로 일정하게 유지되었다. 250 W 이하에서 신장, 체중, 신체질량지수, 체표면적은 $V_T$/Ti 그리고 Ti/Tb 와 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 결과적으로, 엘리트 사이클 선수들의 최대유산소능력은 성인에 비해 낮은 것으로 보이며, 이는 성인과 호흡조절 양상이 다른 것으로 추정된다. 신체계측 변인은 $VO_2max$와 상관성이 존재하지 않았다. 호흡반응의 시간 변인은 운동강도 250 W 이하에서만 체격과 연관성을 가지는 것으로 보인다. 흡기율은 어린 선수들의 운동지속시간과 연관 있어 보이지만, 흡기의무사이클은 성인과 유사한 것으로 보인다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.266-275
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• 1998

목적: $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ 연무 스캔의 폐제거율은 폐포상피 투과성을 측정할 수 있는 유용한 검사이다. 이 연구에서는 당뇨병 환자에서 $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ 연무 스캔의 폐제거율을 측정하고, 정상인과의 차이 및 당뇨병 미세혈관 합병증의 여부에 따른 차이를 조사하여, 폐손상의 조기발견에 대한 $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ 연무 스캔의 의의를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 호흡기 증상이 없었던 무증상 흡연자 10예, 흡연력이 없는 당뇨병환자 20예(미세혈관 합병증을 가진 당뇨병환자 10예, 미세혈관 합병증이 없었던 당뇨병환자10예, 및 정상인 10예를 대상으로 $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ 연무스캔을 시행하여 폐제거율을 측정하였고, $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ 연무 스캔전에 시행한 흉부 방사선 촬영과 폐기능 검사결과와 비교하였다. 결과: 정상 대조군의 제거 반감기는 $65.2{\pm}23.7$(분)였으며, 흡연자군에서는 $39.6{\pm}9.8$(분)으로 유의하게 감소되어 있었고(p<0.05), 합병증이 있는 당뇨병 환자에서는 $90.5{\pm}46.5$(분)으로 정상인 및 합병증이 없었던 당뇨병 환자에 비해 지연되어 있었다(p<0.05). 정상대조군과 무증상 흡연자, 당뇨병 환자군에서 방사선연무 입자들이 좌우폐에 균등히 침착되었고, 잔류영상에서도 국소적인 제거율의 차이는 없었다. 일산화탄소 폐확산능을 포함한 폐활량 측정법 지표(노력성 폐활량, 1초간 노력성 폐활량, 1초간 노력성 호기량의 노력성 폐활량에 대한 비, 노력성 중간 유량)들과 제거 반감기 사이에 유의한 상관 관계는 발견할 수 없었고, 당뇨병의 유병기간과 제거 반감기 사이에도 의미있는 상관 관계는 없었다. 결론: 무증상흡연자와는 달리 미세혈관 합병증이 동반된 당뇨병환자군에서 $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ 연무스캔의 폐제거율이 유의하게 증가되어있는 소견은 비록 환자군의 나이가 많았던 영향을 배제할 수는 없지만, 폐모세혈관 합병증이 흡연과는 달리 폐포상피 투과성의 감소를 일으키는 병태생리적 영향을 미친다는 것을 시사하는 것으로 생각된다. $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ 연무스캔의 폐제거율이 폐모세혈관 합병증을 반영하는 지표로서의 의의를 규명하기 위하여서는 같은 연령층의 보다 많은 환자와 정상인에서의 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.135-139
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• 1996

Intercostal nerve blockade with local anesthetics has been used extensively in the past to provide pain relief following thoracotomy. Its popularity fell, for a period, probably due to increasing use of epidural analgesia. More recently, interest has focused on intercostal nerve block with the introduction of variously sited catheters. Two epidural catheters were placed under direct vision, in the intercostal spaces just above and below the wound by feeding the catheters posteriorly from the wound edges, superficial to the parietal pleura. Bupivacaine 0.25%. Was infused continuously at a rate of 5 ml/hour through each of the two intercostal catheters. Each catheter was primed with 10 ml/hour through each of the two intercostal catheters. Each catheter was primed with 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine. Postoperative vital signs resembled preoperation data. Arterial carbon dioxide pressure ($PaCO_2$) was unchanged and arterial oxygen pressure ($PaO_2$) was increased during two days after surgery because oxygen was administered at 21/min. Forced vital capacities (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$) were decreased the day of operation but restored to preoperative value from second operation day. VAS were increased on operation day but decreased from second operation day. Motion range of arms were not impaired. We concluded that continuous intercostal nerve block through catheters placed during thoracotomy in the adjacent intercostal spaces is a simple and effective method for management of the post-thoracotomy pain.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 복부압박벨트가 뇌졸중 환자의 폐 기능, 균형 및 보행능력에 미치는 영향을 즉각적으로 알아보고자 함이다. 20명의 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 복부압박벨트 착용 전에 폐기능, 압력중심, 버그균형검사, 일어서서 걷기 검사, 10m 보행, 기능적 보행검사를 실시하였다. 복부압박벨트를 착용한 직후에 사후 평가를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 복부압박벨트를 착용하였을 때 노력성 폐활량과 1초간 노력성 날숨 유량을 제외한 모든 결과값이 유의한 변화를 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 뇌졸중 환자가 복부압박벨트를 착용하였을 때 균형과 보행 능력의 증가에 즉각적인 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 향후 연구에서는 폐 기능을 개선시키기 위해 압박 수준과 자세 변경과 같은 노력이 필요할 것이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제72권1호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2012

Background: A lung bulla may rarely shrink as a result of an inflammation within the bulla or a closing of a bronchus involved in the inflammation process, which is termed 'autobullectomy'. The purpose of this study was to describe clinical features of patients with regressions of bullae during follow-up. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases and individuals who showed unequivocal evidence of interval regressions in a pre-existing bulla. A total of 477 cases with a bulla >5 cm in diameter were screened manually. Thirty cases with bullae that showed regression during follow-up were selected. Results: Regressions of large bullae occurred in 30 of 477 cases (6.3%). The median age of those patients was 61 (range, 53~66) years and 87% of those patients were men. The main cause of a bulla was emphysema (80%). Among 30 cases, 16 cases had pneumonia in the lung parenchyma of the peribullous area. Another 7 cases had a regressed bulla accompanied by an air-fluid level within the bulla. The remaining 7 cases showed a spontaneous regression of the bulla without such events. Complete regression of a bulla occurred in 25 cases. A follow-up chest-X ray showed that in all cases except one, the bulla remained in a collapsed state after 24 months. Forced expiratory volume in one second ($FEV_1$) improved in 3 cases and the other 2 cases had increased forced vital capacity (FVC). In addition, total lung capacity (TLC) and residual volume (RV) decreased in another 2 cases. Conclusion: Regression of a lung bulla occurred not only after pneumonia or the presence of air-fluid level within the bulla, but also without such episodes. The clinical course of regression of a lung bulla varied. After regression of a bulla, lung function could be improved in some cases.