• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2017

생체재료의 표면은 이식과 동시에 생체계면의 역할을 하게 되어, 일련의 생물학적 반응이 시작되고 진행되는 중요한 장소가 된다. 초기에 생체계면에서 일어나는 단백질 흡착이나 염증반응을 비롯한 생물학적 반응들은 궁극적으로 임플란트의 성패를 좌우할 만큼 중요하다. 골융합을 개선하기 위한 다른 방법으로 생체불활성의 타이타늄 (Ti)과 골조직의 능동적인 반응을 이루기 위해 생체활성 표면을 부여함으로서 계면에서의 골형성 반응을 증진시키는 방법이 이용된다. 생체불활성의 Ti과 Ti합금은 골조직과 직접적인 결합을 이루지 못하므로, 골조직과의 반응을 향상하기 위해 여러 종류의 생체활성 재료를 코팅하는 방법이 연구되어 왔고, 이 중 생체의 변화와 가장 유사한 하이드록시아파타이트 코팅이 가장 대중적인 방법으로 사용되었으며 이는 초기 골형성을 촉진하는 것으로 알려졌다. 치과용 임플란트의 표면형상과 화학조성이 골 융합에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 인자이므로 최근의 연구동향은 이들 두 가지 표면특성을 결합함으로서 결과적으로 최적의 골세포반응을 유도하고, 골융합 후 골조직과의 micromechanical interlocking에 의해 임플란트의 안정성에 중요한 역할을 하는 마이크론 단위의 표면조도와 표면 구조를 유지하면서, 부가적으로 골 조직 반응을 능동적으로 개선할 수 있는 생체활성 성분을 부여하여 골 융합에 상승효과를 이루기 위한 표면처리법에 관해 많은 연구가 요구되어지고 있다. 따라서 골을 구하는 원소인 망간과 실리콘으로 치환된 하이드록시아파타이트를 플라즈마 전해 산화법으로 코팅하여 세포와 잘 결합할 수 있는 표면을 제공함으로써 골 융합과 치유기간을 단축시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 실험방법은 시편은 치과 임플란트 제작 합금인 Ti-6Al-4V ELI disk (grade 5, Timet Co., USA; diameter, 10 mm, thickness, 3 mm)이며, calcium acetate monohydrate, calcium glycerophosphate, manganese(II) acetate tetrahydrate, sodium metasilicate을 설계조건에 따라 혼합 제조된 전해질 용액을 이용하여 플라즈마 전해 산화법으로 표면 코팅을 실시하였다. 각 시편의 플라즈마 전해시 전압은 280V로 인가하였고, 전류밀도는 70mA로 정전류를 공급하여 해당 인가전압 도달 후 3분 동안 정전압 방식을 유지하였다. 코팅된 피막 표면을 주사전자현미경과 X-선 회절분석을 통하여 미세구조 및 결정상을 관찰하였다. 또한 코팅된 표면의 생체활성 평가는 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 동전위시험과 AC 임피던스를 통하여 시행하였다. 분극거동을 확인하기 위해 potentiostat (Model PARSTAT 2273, EG&G, USA)을 이용하여 구강 내 환경과 유사한 $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$의 0.9 wt.% NaCl에서 실시하였다. 전기화학적 부식 거동은 potentiodynamic 방법으로 조사하였고 인가전위는 -1500 mV에서 2000 mV까지 분당 1.67 mV/min 의 주사속도로 인가하여 시험을 수행하였다. 임피던스 측정은 potentiostat (Model PARSTAT 2273, EG&G, USA)을 이용하였으며, 측정에 사용한 주파수 영역은 10mHz ~ 100kHz 까지의 범위로 하여 조사하였고 ZSimWin(Princeton applied Research, USA) 소프트웨어를 사용하여 용액의 저항, 분극 저항 값을 산출하였다. 망간의 함량이 증가할수록 불규칙한 기공을 보였으며, 실리콘은 $TiO_2$ 산화막 형성을 저해하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 단독으로 표면을 처리한 경우보다 두 가지 원소를 이용해 복합 표면처리를 시행한 경우가 내식성이 좋아 임플란트과의 골 유착에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.324-336
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• 2004

Objectives : The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI on alteration in gene expression in a hypoxia model using cultured rat cortical cells. Methods : E18 rat cortical cells were grown in a Neurobasal medium containing B27 supplement. On 12 DIV, Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI(20 ug/ml) was added to the culture media and left for 24 hrs. On 11 DIV, cells were given a hypoxic insult $(2%\;O_2/5%\;CO_2,\;37^{\circ}C,\;3\;hrs)$, returned to normoxia and cultured for another 24 hrs. Total RNA was prepared from Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI-untreated (control) and -treated cultures and alteration in gene expression was analysed by microarray using rat 5K-TwinChips. Results : For most of the genes altered in expression, the Global M values were between -0.5 to +0.5. Among these, 1143 genes increased in their expression by more than Global M +0.1, while 1161 genes decreased by more than Global M -0.1. Effects on some of the genes whose functions are implicated in neural viability are as follows: 1) The expression of apoptosis-related genes such as Bad (Global M = 0.39), programmed cell death-2(Pdcd2) (Global M = 0.20) increased, while Purinergic receptor P2X(P2rxl) Global M = -0.22), Bc12-like1(Bc1211)(Global M = -0.19) decreased. 2) The expression of 'response to stress-related genes such as antioxidation-related AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma 1 gene (Prkag1) (Global M = 0.14), catalase gene (Global M = 0.14) and Heme Oxygenase(Hmoxl) increased. 3) The expression of Fos like antigen 2 (Fos12) expressed in neurons that survive ischemic insult increased (Global M = 0.97). Conclusions : these data suggest that Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI increases the expression of antiapoptosis- and antioxidation- related genes in a way that can not yet be explained.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.547-552
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• 2002

To investigate an efficacy of mixed extract with Ginseng radix, Puerariae lobata, Puerariae radix, Rubi pructus, Gomi pructus, Hoelen, Dried orange peel and Parvum comus cervi etc., on the hangover elimination, 12 hr-fasted male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150-200 g were given mixed extract (5 mL/kg, p.o.) and administered ethanol at a dose of 3 g/kg bw (25% in distilled water) orally 30 min postdosing. Blood was collected from caudal artery at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12hr and then the animals were sacrificed at 24hr after the ethanol treatment. In these experiments, liver function indices, such as alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, showed unaltered results in all treated groups compared with the normal group. The pharmacokinetics of ethanol after oral administration of mixed extract were also evaluated. From 0 min to 12hr, the administration of mixed extract showed 14% reduction of the area under the serum concentrations-versus-time curves (AUC) compared with the control group. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase measured at 24hr postdosing were also not altered by the administration of mixed extract compared with the control group. These studies demonstrate that oral administration of mixed extract, prepared by traditional prescription, decreases the ethanol concentration in serum and reduces AUC, suggesting that the mixed extract is effective for elimination of ethanol-induced hangover.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.185-186
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• 2003

영재교육 프로그램 개발의 핵심적인 부분은 영재들에게 적절한 교육과정이며, 대표적인 영재교육과정모형으로 삼부심화학습모형(Enrichment Triad Model: ETM), 학교단위 심화학습모형(Schoolwide Enrichment Model： SEM), 자기주도적 학습모형 (Self-Directed Learning Model), 퍼듀 3단계 심화학습 모형(Purdue Three-Stage Enrichment Model) 등이 있다. 이들 모형에 대한 적용 연구가 일부 초등학교냐 중학교의 시범적인 속진 및 심화 프로그램 실시로 적용된 바는 있으나 정규 교육과정에서는 실시될 기회가 없었다. 국내에서도 2002년 영재교육법 시행령 적용 이후 과학영재학교가 지정되어 운영되고 있기에, 영재교육을 위한 모형을 정규 교육과정 및 교수-학습 과정에 적용하고 그 효과를 밝히는 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 삼부심화학습모형을 적용하기 위한 구체적인 교수·학습 과정안을 개발하고, 이를 과학영재학교 물리수업에 적용하여 그 과정과 학생들의 인식을 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 과학영재고등학교 1학년 72명이며 검사결과 지능지수, 추리력, 수리력, 지각력 면에서 매우 우수한 집단으로 나타났다. 삼부심화학습모형을 실시한 기간은, 1단계 활동을 2주간 실시하였고, 2단계 활동은 4개월간 진행하고 있으며, 3단계 활동은 겨울방학을 이용하여 실시할 계획이다. 삼부심화학습모형에 의하면 1단계는‘일반 탐색 활동을 통한 심화 학습’단계로 정규 교육과정 속에 포함되어 있지 않은 새롭고, 흥미로운 주제나 지식 영역들에 학생들이 접할 수 있도록 설계된 일반적 탐구 혹은 탐색 경험들을 제공하는 것으로 구성된다. 점수를 종속변인으로 하여 회귀분석을 한 결과 TTCT 도형과 언어 검사 모두 WAIS 소검사중의 기본지식문제가 TTCT 전체점수에 가장 높은 영향력을 미쳤다. 지능이 높은 그룹과 낮은 그룹에 대해 WAIS 11개 소검사와 TTCT 전체점수와의 상관을 구한 결과, 지능이 높은 그룹에서는 유의미한 상관을 의미는 소검사가 거의 없었던 것과는 달리, 지능이 낮은 그룹에서는 결정성지능을 대표하는 소 검사와 TTCT 도형검사 점수간의 상관이 유의미하게 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 통해 TTCT는 도형과 언어 검사 모두 유동성지능 보다는 결정성지능과 상관이 있음을 알 수 있는데, 이는 창의력 검사가 문제 해결 상황에 기존의 지식을 이용하는 능력을 측정하고 있기 때문으로 추정된다. 또한 지능이 낮은 그룹에서 높은 그룹에 비해 창의력 검사와 지능 검사 사이의 상관의 정도가 높았는데, 이는 일정 수준까지는 창의적 능력이 결정성 지능에 의해 제한을 받으나 일정 수준 이상의 결정성 지능을 갖게 되면 더 이상 결정성 지능이 창의적 능력을 제한하지 않기 때문인 것으로 해석된다.circ}C$에서 2.5~8.2mg$CO_2$/kg.hr로 일반적으로 보고되고 있는 토마토 호흡속도와 일치하는 결과를 나타내었다.다.환원당인 sucrose 함량은 계속 증가하였고 fructose, glucose, sorbitol의 함량(추황의 sorbitol을 제외)은 생장이 촉진됨에 따라 증가하다가 다시 점차적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 총당과 환원당의 측정결과와 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배의 성장에 따라 산 함량은 감소하였고 당 함량은 증가하였다.luco-pyranoside, quercetin 7-O

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.763-777
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• 2022

Objective: Excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes results in prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Curcumin (CUR), a naturally phenolic active ingredient, has been shown to have lipid-lowering effects. However, its underlying mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Therefore, the study aims to determine the effect of CUR on cellular lipid accumulation in porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes (PSPA) and to clarify novel mechanisms. Methods: The PSPA were cultured and treated with or without CUR. Both cell counting Kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were used to examine cytotoxicity. Intracellular lipid contents were measured by oil-red-o staining extraction and triglyceride quantification. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-nick end labelling assay. Adipogenic and apoptosis genes were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Results: The CUR dose-dependently reduced the proliferation and lipid accumulation of PSPA. Noncytotoxic doses of CUR (10 to 20 μM) significantly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and expression of adipogenic genes peroxisome proliferation-activity receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, adipocyte protein-2, glucose transporter-4 as well as key lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, while ERK1/2 activation significantly reversed CUR-reduced lipid accumulation by increasing PPAR-γ. Furthermore, compared with differentiation induced media treated cells, higher dose of CUR (30 μM) significantly decreased the expression of AKT and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), while increased the expression of BCL-2-associated X (BAX) and the BAX/BCL-2 expression ratio, suggesting triggered apoptosis by inactivating AKT and increasing BAX/BCL-2 ratio and Caspase-3 expression. Moreover, AKT activation significantly rescued CUR inhibiting lipid accumulation via repressing apoptosis. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CUR is capable of suppressing differentiation by inhibiting ERK1/2-PPAR-γ signaling pathway and triggering apoptosis via decreasing AKT and subsequently increasing BAX/BCL-2 ratio and Caspase-3, suggesting that CUR provides an important method for the reduction of porcine body fat, as well as the prevention and treatment of human obesity.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

This study was conducted to examine the effects of electric stimulation conditions on in vitro developmental ability of caprine embryos after somatic cell nuclear transfer. Recipient oocytes were surgically collected after superovulation by using CIDR and FSH, PMSG, hCG and estrous synchronization in Korean native goats. The caprine ear cells were cultured in vitro in serum-starvation condition (TCM-l99 + 0.5% FBS) for 3 to 5 days of cell confluence. The zona pellucida of in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes were partially drilled using laser system. Single somatic cell was individually transferred into the enucleated oocyte. The reconstructed oocytes were electrically fused with 0.3M mannitol. After the electofusion, embryos were activated by electric stimulation or Ionomycin + 6-DMAP. Nuclear transfer embryos were cultured in mSOF medium supplemented with 0.8% BSA 6∼7 days at 39 , 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, 90% $N_2$. The fusion rate of donor cells was 60.4% and 40.3 % in ear cell and fetal fibroblast, and cleavage rate were 40.6% and 48.2%, respectively. No significant difference was found in the fusion and cleavage rate in different donor cells. Nuclear transferred oocytes were fused by electric pulses of 1.30∼1.40, 2.30∼2.39 and 2.40∼2.46 ㎸/cm. There was no significant difference among different electric pulses in fusion rates (26.7, 34.8 and 43.8%). The cleavage rate was higher (p<0.05) in 1.30∼1.40 ㎸/cm (82.9%) than 2.30∼2.39 ㎸/cm (43.8%) and 2.40∼2.46 ㎸/cm. (51.8%). The fusion rates of recipient oocyte source were 1st (43.5% and 23.6%), 2nd (55.7％ and 39.2%) and 3rd (66.1% and 52.8%) in in vivo and in vitro oocytes. However, fusion ratee were significantly higher (p<0.05) in in vivo than in vitro oocyte. The cleavage rate of fused oocytes from in vivo and in vitro sources were 52.6% and 54.4%, respectively. No significant difference was found in the cleavage rate according to the recipient oocyte source. These results suggest that factors such as field pulse of electric stimulation and oocyte source could affect in vitro developmental ability of nuclear transplanted caprine oocytes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.937-946
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immunological cells change, fecal noxious gas and carcass meat quality characteristics in finishing pigs. The dietary treatments were 1) CON(basal diet), 2) BS0.1(basal diet+ 0.1% Bacillus subtilis) and 3)BS0.2(basal diet+0.2% Bacillus subtilis). Sixty crossbred(Landrace$\time$ Yorkshire$\time$Duroc) pigs(89.5$\pm$0.11kg average initial body weight) were used in a 42 days growth trial. The pigs were assigned to the treatments according to body weight and each treatment had 5 replicates of 4 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Through the entire experimental period, average daily gain(ADG) and average daily feed intake(ADFI) were not significantly different among the treatments. Pigs fed BS0.1 diet significantly increased their gain/feed compared to pigs fed CON and BS0.2 diets(P<0.05). Also, dry matter(DM) and nitrogen(N) digestibilities were greater in the pigs fed BS0.1 diet than those fed CON diet(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in fecal NH3-N concentration among the treatments. In blood assay for immunological cells change investigations, red blood cells(RBC) counts increased in the pigs fed BS0.2 diet compared to pigs fed CON and BS0.1 diets. There were no significant differences in carcass pH, drip loss, marbling and firmness. However, sensual color and a*(redness) value of meat in the pigs fed BS0.2 diet were higher than in pigs fed CON diet(P<0.05). Therefore, this experiment suggested that Bacillus subtilis supplementation could improve nutrient digestibility, RBC counts and carcass meat color of pigs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1245-1250
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• 2006

This study was carried out to develop the method of preparing lecithin-fortified ginseng extract. Firstly, soybean lecithin was mixed with soybean oil (LCS) in varying ratio (2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20%). Then, one part volume of LCS was mixed with three parts volume of ginseng extract with 10% solid matter content and the mixture was vortexed vigorously. Finally, the mixture was spinned at the speed of 3,000 rpm for 30 minutes to separate oil and aqueous ginseng extract layer (AG). AG was then subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis of phospholipids and ginsenosides. Fatty acid composition and crude fat content before and after LCS was determined. Stability of lecithin in ginseng extract was determined by analyzing phospholipid content in the one third upper and lower layer of the concentrated AG in Falcon tubes while storing the LCS treated concentrated AG in 4, 25 and 40oC for 6 months. Ratio of lecithin transferred to AG increased with the increase in lecithin content of soybean oil. There was no significant change in fatty acid composition and crude fat content, and ginsenoside content in the ginseng extract before and after LCS treatment. TLC and HPLC pattern of saponin fraction before and after treating the ginseng extract with LCS demonstrated no observable difference. There was no change in lecithin content in the upper and lower one third layer of ginseng extract in the tubes after storing the concentrated AG in 4, 25 and $40^{\circ}C$ for 6 months. Ginsenosides HPLC pattern was not changed when stored the LCS-treated ginseng extract in those conditions for six months, indicating satisfiable stability of the LCS-treated concentrated ginseng extract. From these results, it can be concluded that treatment of the ginseng extract with lecithin containing soybean oil is a labor effective method with satisfiable stability to fortify lecithins to ginseng extract.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.575-589
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• 2009

Groundwater has been extracted for irrigation in Sacheon-Hadong area, which is close to the South Sea. We analyzed chemical components of groundwater to examine the effects of seawater intrusion and agricultural activities in the study area. Most groundwater samples displayed the Na/Cl concentration ratios similar to that of seawater (0.55) with an increasing tendency of electrical conductivity ($227-7,910\;{\mu}S/cm$) towards the coast. In addition, statistical interpretation of the cumulative frequency curves of Cl and $HCO_3$ showed that 30.1% of the groundwater samples were highly affected by seawater intrusion. Groundwaters in the study area mostly belonged to the Ca-Cl and Na-Cl type, demonstrating that they were highly influenced by seawater intrusion and cation exchange. The result of oxygen-hydrogen isotope analysis demonstrated slightly higher $\delta^{18}O$ ((-8.53)-(-6.13)‰) and ${\delta}D$ ((-58.7)-(-43.7)‰) comparing to mean oxygen-hydrogen isotope ratios in Korea. As a result of nitrogen isotope analysis, the $\delta^{15}N-NO_3$ values ((-0.5)-(19.1)‰) indicate two major sources of nitrate pollution (organic nitrogen in soil and animal and human wastes) and mixed source of the two. However, denitrification may partly contribute as a source of nitrogen. According to factor analysis, four factors were identified among which factor 1 with an eigenvalue of 6.21 reflected the influence of seawater intrusion. Cluster analysis indicated the classification of groundwater into fresh, saline, and mixed ones.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.423-430
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• 2014

In this study, the antioxidative effects for the extracts of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) were investigated. The purple sweet potato was extracted with 70% ethanol and the ethyl acetate fraction was obtained from the extracts. The yields of extract and ethyl acetate fraction were 39.2% and 3.49% per dried powder, respectively. To confirm the antioxidative effects of the extracts, free radical scavenging activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), total antioxidant capacity by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay and the protective effects against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in erythrocytes were measured. Free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$) of the 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were $90.16{\mu}g/mL$ and $7.69{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of ethyl acetate fraction was higher than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol ($8.98{\mu}g/mL$). Total antioxidant capacities ($OSC_{50}$) of the 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were $5.75{\mu}g/mL$ and $1.92{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The capacity of ethyl acetate fraction was similar to L-ascorbic acid, known as a prominent water soluble antioxidant ($1.50{\mu}g/mL$). The cellular protective effects of the ethyl acetate fractions on the $^1O_2$-induced cellular damage of human erythrocytes were increased in a concentration dependent manner ($5{\sim}50{\mu}g/mL$). The ${\tau}_{50}$ value in $5{\mu}g/mL$ was 45.6 min which was higher than that of (+)-${\alpha}$-tocopherol in all concentrations. These results indicate that the ethyl acetate fraction of purple sweet potato (I. batatas) has the excellent antioxidative capacity and could be applicable to anti-aging cosmeceutical ingredients for skin aging inhibition.