• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.679-684
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• 2000

The Sr2Co0.5Nb(Ta)0.5O4 and Sr3CoNb(Ta)O7 compounds, both with Ruddlesden-Popper structures, have been synthesized by the ceramic method at $1150^{\circ}C$ under atmospheric pressure. The crystallographic structure of the compounds was assigned to the tetr agonal system with space group 14/mmm by X-ray diffraction(XRD) Rietveld refinement. The reduced lattice volume and lattice parameters increased as the Ta with 5d substitutes for the Nb with 4d in the compounds. The Co/Nb(Ta)O bond length has been determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopic(EXAFS/XANES) analysis and the XRD refinement. The CoO6,octahedra were tetragonally distorted by elongation of Co-O bond along the c-axis. The magnetic measurement shows the compounds Sr2Co0.5Nb(Ta)0.5O4 and Sr3CoNb(Ta)O7 have paramagnetic properties and the Co ions with intermediate spin sates between high and low spins in D4h symmetry. All the compounds showed semiconducting behavior whose electrical conductivity increased with temperature up to 1000 K. The electrical conductiviy increased and the activation energy for the conduction decreased as the number of perovskite layers increased in the compounds with chemical formula An+1BnO3n+1.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.221-230
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• 2005

Catalytic wet oxidation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in water has been conducted using $TiO_2-supported$ cobalt oxides at $36^{\circ}C$ with a weight hourly space velocity of $7,500\;h^{-1}.\;5\%\;CoO_x/TiO_2$, prepared by using an incipient wetness technique, might be the most promising catalyst for the wet oxidation although it exhibited a transient behavior in time on-stream activity. Not only could the bare support be inactive for the wet decomposition reaction, but no TCE removal also occurred by the process of adsorption on $TiO_2$ surface. The catalytic activity was independent of all particle sizes used, thereby representing no mass transfer limitation in intraparticle diffusion. XPS spectra of both fresh and used Co surfaces gave different surface spectral features for each $CoO_x,\;Co\;2P_{3/2}$ binding energy for Co species in the fresh catalyst appeared at 781.3 eV, which is very similar to the chemical states of $CoTiO_x$ such as $CO_2TiO_4\;and\;CoTiO_3$. The used catalyst exhibited a 780.3-eV main peak with a satellite structure at 795.8 eV. Based on XPS spectra of reference Co compound, the TCE-exposed Co surfaces could be assigned to be in the form of mainly $Co_3O_4$. XRD patterns for $5\%\;CoO_x/TiO_2$ catalyst indicated that the phase structure of Co species in the catalyst even before reaction is quite comparable to the diffraction lines of external $Co_3O_4$ standard. A model structure of $CoO_x$ present predominantly on titania surfaces would be $Co_3O_4$, encapsulated in thin-film $CoTiO_x$ species consisting of $Co_2TiO_4$ and $CoTiO_3$, which may be active for the decomposition of TCE in a flow of water.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2017

Cobalt-iron oxides have emerged as alternative electrode materials for supercapacitors because they have advantages of low cost, natural abundance, and environmental friendliness. Graphene loaded with cobalt ferrite ($CoFe_2O_4$) nanoparticles can exhibit enhanced specific capacitance. In this study, we present three-dimensional (3D) crumpled graphene (CGR) decorated with $CoFe_2O_4$ nanoparticles. The $CoFe_2O_4$-graphene composites were synthesized from a colloidal mixture of GO, iron (III) chloride hexahydrate ($FeCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$) and cobalt chloride hexahydrate ($CoCl_2{\cdot}6H_2O$) respectively, via one step aerosol spray pyrolysis. Size of $CoFe_2O_4$ nanoparticles was ranged from 5 nm to 10 nm when loaded onto 500 nm CGR. The electrochemical performance of the $CoFe_2O_4$-graphene composites was examined. The $CoFe_2O_4$-graphene composite electrode showed the specific capacitance of $253F\;g^{-1}$.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2001

(Li,Al)$MnO_2(OH)_2$:Co 화합물의 합성르 수열법에 의해 행하였다. 출발원료는 $MnO_2$, LiOH.$H_2$O, $Co_3O_4$, $Al(OH)_3$이 사용되었으며, 단일상의 (Li,Al)$MnO_2(OH)_2$:Co 화합물을 얻을 수 있는 최적의 합성조건은 다음과 같았다. 반응온도 : $200^{\circ}C$ 반응시간 ; 3일간, 반응장치 ; 시이소형, 수열용매 ; 3M-KOH, (Li,Al)$MnO_2(OH)_2$:Co 의 원자비 = 1:2.1:2.5~2:0.5~1. 수열합성된 단사의 (Li,Al)$MnO_2(OH)_2$:Co 화합물은 결정성이 우수하였으며, 청색안료로써 천연 오수에 필적하는 발색효과를 나타내었다. 합성된 (Li,Al)$MnO_2(OH)_2$:Co 화합물의 형태는 육각 판싱이였으며, 입자의 크기는 0.5~1 $\mu\textrm{m}$의 미립자이였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1998

$LiCoO_2$ powder was synthesized in an aqueous solution by a sol-gel method and used as a cathode active material for a lithium ion rechargeable battery. The layered $LiCoO_2$ powders were prepared by igniting in air for 12 hrs at 600 ℃ $(600-LiCoO_2)$ and 850 ℃ $(850-LiCoO_2)$. The structure of the $LiCoO_2$ powder was assigned to the space group R bar 3 m (lattice parameters a=2.814 Å and c=14.04Å). The SEM pictures of $600-LiCoO_2$ revealed homogeneous and fine particles of about 1 μm in diameter. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of $600-LiCoO_2$ electrode displayed a set of redox peaks at 3.80/4.05 V due to the intercalation/deintercalation of the lithium ions into/out of the $LiCoO_2$ structure. CVs for the $850-LiCoO_2$ electrode had a major set of redox peaks at 3.88/4.13 V, and two small set of redox peaks at 4.18/4.42 V and 4.05/4.25 V due to phase transitions. The initial charge-discharge capacity was 156-132 mAh/g for the $600-LiCoO_2$ electrode and 158-131 mAh/g for the $850-LiCoO_2$ electrode at the current density of 0.2 mA/cm2. The cycleability of the cell consisting of the $600-LiCoO_2$ electrode was better than that of the $850-LiCoO_2$. The diffusion coefficient of the $Li^+$ ion in the $600-LiCoO_2$ electrode was calculated as $4.6{\times}10^{-8}\; cm^2/sec$.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2004

[ $CO_3O_4/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ ] catalysts were reported high activity on the low temperature CO oxidation. The effects of the calcination temperature, the loaded amount of cobalt and the oxygen concentration on the characteristics of CO oxidation have been investigated for a emergency escape mask cartridge. $Co(NO_3)_2\cdot6H_2O$ was used as cobalt precursor and the catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. TGA shows that enough calcination is accomplished at $450^{\circ}C$ and cobalt phase is $Co_3O_4$ after calcination in the temperature range of $300\ ~500^{\circ}C$. The specific surface area and pore volume of catalysts are decreased with increasing of loaded amount of cobalt. And with the increase of loaded amount of cobalt and the oxygen concentration, the catalytic activity is increased.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.144-148
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• 2006

초상자성 나노입자의 제작이 가능한 sol-gel법을 이용하여 초상자성 나노입자 $CoGa_{0.1}Fe_{1.9}O_4$를 제조하여 입자의 크기 및 자기적 성질을 x-선 회절법(XRD), 주사전자현미경(SEM) 측정과 $M\ddot{o}ssbauer$ 분광법, 진동시료 자화율 측정기(VSM)를 이용하여 연구하였다. SEM및 x-선 회절실험으로부터 250"C 이상에서 열처리한 입자가 순순한 cubic spinel구조를 가지며, $250^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 $CoGa_{0.1}Fe_{1.9}O_4$의 평균입자 크기는 10 nm로 나타났으며 균일한 구형상 임을 알 수 있었다. VSM 측정 결과로부터 $250^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 $CoGa_{0.1}Fe_{1.9}O_4$의 경우 상온에서 초상자성의 특성을 나타냈다. $M\ddot{o}ssbauer$ 분광실험으로 $250^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 입자가 상온에서 초상자성의 특성을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며 초상자성의 특성을 잃어버리는 차단온도 $T_B$는 250 K로 결정하였으며, 또한 자기이방성상수 $K=3.0X10^5\;ergs/cm^3$의 값을 얻었다 $250^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한$CoGa_{0.1}Fe_{1.9}O_4$의 경우 4.2K에서의 초미세 자기장은 $H_{hf}(B)=518,\;H_{hf}(A)=486\;kOe$이며, 이성질체 이동값은 $\delta_B=0.34$, $\delta_A=0.30$ 이 값은 A, B자리 모두 $Fe^{3+}$에 해당된다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2008

Mechanochemical process로 제조된 $LiCoO_2$ 전극의 경우에 4.3 V 이상의 전위영역에서 용량감소현상이 두드러지게 나타난 반면에, Zr을 피복한 $LiCoO_2$의 경우에는 4.5 V의 전위에서도 안정성을 유지하였다. 본 연구에서 제작한 Zr이 피복된 $LiCoO_2$ 전극은 3.0~4.5 V 구간에서 197 mAh/g의 용량을 나타내었으며, 50 사이클 후에 96%의 방전용량을 유지하므로 전지의 안정성을 확보하였다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.271-276
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• 2019

Pure and 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10 at% of Mo-doped $Co_3O_4$ yolk-shell spheres were synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of droplets containing Co nitrate, ammonium molybdate, and sucrose and their gas sensing characteristics to 5 ppm trimethylamine (TMA), ethanol, p-xylene, toluene, ammonia, carbon monoxide, and benzene were measured at $225-325^{\circ}C$. The sensor using pure $Co_3O_4$ yolk-shell spheres showed the highest response to p-xylene and very low response to TMA at $250^{\circ}C$, while the doping of Mo into $Co_3O_4$ tended to increase the overall responses of gas sensors. In particular, the sensor using 5 at% Mo-doped $Co_3O_4$ yolk-shell spheres exhibited the high response to TMA with low cross-responses to other interfering gases. The high response and selectivity of Mo-doped $Co_3O_4$ yolk-shell spheres to TMA are attributed to the electronic sensitization by higher valent Mo doping and acid-base interaction between TMA and Mo components.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.391-395
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• 1992

Rhodium(I) and iridium(II) complexes, M(Cl$O_4$)(CO)$(PPh_3)_2$ and [M(CO)$(PPh_3)_3$]Cl$O_4$ (M = Rh, Ir), and RhX(CO)$(PPh_3)_2$ (X = Cl, Br, OH) catalyze the carbonylation of benzyl alcohols to produce phenylacetic acids under 6 atm of CO at $110^{\circ}C$ in deuterated chloroform. Benzyl alcohols initially undergo dehydration to give dibenzyl ethers which are then carbonylated to benzyl phenylacetates, and the hydrolysis of benzyl phenylacetate produces phenylacetic acids and benzyl alcohols. The carbonylation is accompanied with dehydrogenation followed by hydrogenolysis of benzyl alcohols giving benzaldehydes and methylbenzenes which are also produced by CO2 elimination of phenylacetic acids. Phenylacetic acid is also produced in the reactions of benzyl bromide with CO catalytically in the presence of Rh(Cl$O_4$)(CO)$(PPh_3)_2$ and $H_2O$, and stoichiometrically with Rh(OH)(CO)$(PPh_3)_2$ in the absence of $H_2O$.