• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2003

Bovine pericardium fixed in glutaraldehyde solution (GA) has been one of the most popular surgical bioprosthesis, however, late calcific degeneration after implantation remains to be solved. To mitigate calcific degeneration, we posttreated the bovine pericardium with amino acids after GA fixation. Material and Method: 40 small pieces of bovine pericardia were fixed in 0.625% GA solution with 4 g/L $MgCl_26H_2O$as a control group (group 1). 40 pieces fixed in the same GA solution were posttreated with 2% chitosan solution (group 2) and the other 40 pieces posttreated with 8% glutamate (group 3). These were implanted into the belly of forty Fisher 344 rats subdermally and extracted at f month, 2 months, 3 months and 4 months after implantation. Result: With atomic absorption spectrophotometry we measured the deposited calcium amount and the results were as follows; 2.01 $\pm$0.13 mg/g in group 1, 2.34$\pm$0.73 mg/g in group 2, 2.49$\pm$0.15 mg/g in group 3 at 1 month after implantation, and 3.57$\pm$0.15 mg/g in group 1, 3.52$\pm$0.92 mg/g in group 2, 3.46$\pm$0.12 mg/g in group 3 at the second month. But 5.45$\pm$0.42 mg/g in group 1, 3.22 $\pm$1.31 mg/g in group 2 and 4.20$\pm$0.55 mg/g in group 3 at the 3rd month, which have statistical significance in group 2 (p<0.05). Finally at 4th month, 6.01$\pm$1.21 mg/g in group 1, 3.78$\pm$1.82 mg/g in group 2, 3.92$\pm$0.92 mg/g in group 3, which also have statistical significance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This means posttreatment with 2% chitosan shows meaningful calcium mitigation effects after 3rd month on subcutaneously implanted bovine pericardium in the rat models but 8% glutamate shows mitigation effect after 4months in this experiment.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2001

This study was conducted to investigate the immunomodulatory activities of proteoglycan extracted from cultured mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum IY009. The proteoglycan contained two polymer peaks, one was the higher MW peak of 2,000 kD and the other was low peaks of 12kD. To understand the part of strong pharmaceutical activity between two peak, the proteoglycan was separated by ultrafiltration and column chromatography and then examined the various pharmaceutical effects. High molecular weight fraction possesing high content of ${\beta}-linked$ glucan was exhibited high antitumor activity, against sarcoma 180 bearing ICR mouse. And also, anticomplementary activity was highly observed in high molecule fraction than low it fraction. When the raw 264.7 and murine peritoneal macrophage treated with low fraction, high fraction and other stimuli. The activities inducing tumor necrosis factor of the high factions were $2.2{\sim}2.5$ times stronger than that of low fraction.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2002

This study was carried out to assess the effect of superovulation response and quality of embryos recovered from donor cows after a single subcutaneous injection of FSH dissolved in polyethylene glycol (PEG). Cows were allocated into control and 3 experimental treatment groups. In control, cows were injected intramuscularly 50 mg FSH twice daily for 4 days. Group 1 were injected subcutaneously with a single dose of 400 mg FSH dissolved in 30% PEG solution. Group 2 were injected subcutaneously with a single dose of 200 mg FSH dissolved in 30% PEG solution. Finally in group 3, cows were injected twice 200 mg FSH dissolved in 30% PEG solution by subcutaneous. Superovulation was initiated by injection of FSH between Day 8 and 14 of the estrus cycle (Day 0, the day of estrus), and followed by injection of 25 mg PGF$_2$$\alpha$ at 48 h after first FSH injection. Cows were then artificially inseminated (AI) with semen twice at 48 and 60 h after PGF$_2$$\alpha$ injection. At 7 days after the second AI, embryos collected non-surgically by flushing the uterine horns and were counted and compared morphologically as being transferable and degenerated among different superovulation treatments. Furthermore, progesterone and estradiol -17 $\beta$ in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay following different treatments at given days All cows of treated groups were observed heat. but control group was showed 77.8%. Superovulation response was observed as 77.8, 87.5, 88.9, and 100% in control, Groups 1, 2 and 3 The mean number of corpus lutea (CL) detected in Group 1 were 19.6, which was, respectively significantly (P<0.05) higher than those of other groups (11.1, 13.4 and 7.6, respectively). However, there did not differ on the mean number of total embryos recovered and of transferable embryos between control and treated groups.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1997

Tolerance mechanism to simazine (6-chloro-N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) in Coix lacryma-jobi was investigated with respect to herbicide detoxification via glutathione conjugation. Simazine was initially absorbed by seedlings of C. lacryma-jobi and corn, but after 12 hours of treatment, no significant difference in simazine absorption was found in both species. Simazine absorbed was rapidly metabolized to glutathione-simazine conjugate. One to six hours after treatment, metabolism was approximately 2-fold faster in C. lacryma-jobi than in corn. Glutathione content was found 1.5- and 2.3-fold higher in coleoptile and root of C. lacryma-jobi, respectively, compared with corn. In both species, the highest concentration of glutathione was found in coleoptile tissue. Glutathione S-transferase that exhibits activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was not significantly different between two species. However, glutathione S-transferase activity with simazine was approximately 2-fold greater in C. lacryma-jobi than in corn. The glutathione S-transferase activity was 20 to 30% greater in shoot of either species than in root. Fast protein liquid chromatography-anion exchange column was used to separate glutathione S-transferase isozymes in coleoptiles of C. lacryma-jobi and corn. A peak of glutathione S-transferase activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and two peaks of glutathione S-transferase activity with simazine from C. lacryma-jobi were coeluted with those from corn, but showed greater activity than in the case of corn. Another glutathione S-transferase isozyme that exhibits activity with simazine was detected in the elution of C. lacryma-jobi extract, but not in corn. Electron transport in chloroplast thylakoids isolated from leaves of both species was equally sensitive to simazine applied at 1 to 100 nM. These results indicate that the simazine tolerance in C. lacryma-jobi is due to its capacity to detoxify the herbicide via glutathione conjugation, which is positively correlated with the level of glutathione content and glutathione S-transferase activity.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2009

Purpose: The automatic notification system for alarm values on blood tests conducted by this hospital is designed to immediately inform the attending physician of the result of a blood test, to help the relevant patient to promptly receive proper treatment, and furthermore, to reduce the likelihood of a fatal influence to the patient. From 2004, the clinical pathology department of this hospital has been operating an automatic notification system for blood tests, in relation to the items of WBC, Hb, Plt, PB cell morphology, Malaria, PT, aPTT, BT, fibrinogen, Ca, K, Na, Cl, Mg, Glucose, Ketone, Digoxin, PKU, Homocystinuria, 17-OHP, Neonatal TSH, and Galactosemia. Recently, the blood test room of the nuclear medicine department has been operating an automatic notification system for the alarm values of a blood test, in relation to three items of TSH, FT4, and 17-${\alpha}$-OH-PGR, and the details of its operation will be described here. Materials and Methods: The subjects were newborn babies that were receiving TSH, FT4, and $17{\alpha}$-OH-PGR prescriptions from February $19^{th}$ to May $11^{st}$, 2009, and who met with the following criteria: N2340 Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone: >$10{\mu}IU/mL$ (Reference value: 0.4~5.0). N2360 Free-Thyroxine: <$0.8{\mu}g/dL$ (Reference value: 0.8~1.9), N2444 $17{\alpha}$-OH-Progesterone: >$30\;{\mu}g/mL$ (Reference value: Male (0.6~3.42), Female follicular phase (0.19~1.8). The automatic notification system was operated by entering test items, relevant treatment departments, and standard values for reporting alarm values into the OCS program, and then transmitting results that met with the input conditions to the PDAs of the prescription and the attending physician by SMS. Results: Reporting an alarm value of the nuclear medicine blood test, which can have a fatal influence on the lives of patients, will help cure patients, improve the quality of the test, and furthermore, will increase the patient's satisfaction with the prescription and treatment of the test.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.118-126
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• 1986

Vibrio vulnificus is a recently recognized halophilic organism that nay cause serious human infections. Patients infected with V. vulnificus often have a history of exposure to the sea, suggesting that the organism may be common inhabitant of marine environment. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the distribution and bacteriological characteristics of V. vulnificus. The strain used in this experiment was isolated from sea water and sea products such as common octopus (Octopus variabilis), ark shell (Anadara broughtonii), blue crab (Ericheir japonica), and sea squirt (Synthia roretzi) collected in Pusan area from July to October in 1985. V. vulnificus was frequently isolated in August when temperature of sea water was around $26^{\circ}C$ and rarely isolated in October when temperature of sea water was around $18.5^{\circ}C$. The distinctive biochemical characteristics of V. vulnificus were ONPG hydrolysis positive and fermented lactose and not grown in peptone water contained $8\%$ NaCl. The optical density at 660 nm of the growth of V. vulnificus was reached maximum level after 8 hours of culture at $35^{\circ}C$ in brain heart infusion broth but that of V. vulnificus was little increased at $15^{\circ}C$ for 14 hours. Optimum temperature and pH for the growth of V. vulnificus were around $35^{\circ}C$ and 8.0. The specific growth rate and the generation time of V. vulnificus isolated from the samples were $1.21\;hr^{-1}$, 34 min at $35^{\circ}C$ and $0.61\;hr^{-1}$, 69 min at $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. V. vulnificus did not grow on eosin-methylene-blue agar, salmonella-shigella agar, deoxycholate agar but grew well on Endo agar, xylose-lysine-deoxycholate agar and hektoen enteric agar. On Endo agar, the colonies of V. vulnificus were red and achieved a diameter of 2 to 4 mm as a feature enabling differentiation of V. vulnificus from other Vibrio spp. V. vulnificus grow well on TCBS agar forming green colonies. V. vulnificus refrigerated at $4^{\circ}C$ exhibited a linear decline of its viablity as 1 log cycle in every 16 hours storage, while V. vulnificus freezed at $-18^{\circ}C$ almost became extinct.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.503-524
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• 2000

Intercomparisons between four kinds of data have been done to estimate the accuracy of satellite observations and model reanalysis for middle and lower tropospheric thermal state over regional oceans. The data include the Microwave Sounding Units (MSU) Channel 2 (Ch2) brightness temperatures of NOAA satellites and the vertically weighted corresponding temperature of ECMWF GCM (1980-93). The satellite data for midtropospheric temperatures are MSU2 (1980-98) in nadir direction and SC2 (1980-97) in multiple scans, and for lower tropospheric temperature SC2R (1980-97). MSU2 was derived in this study while SC2 and SC2R were described in Spencer and Christy (1992a, 1992b). Temporal correlations between the above data were high (r${\ge}$0.90) in the middle and high latitudes, but low(r${\sim}$0.65) over the low latitude and more convective regions. Their values with SC2R which included the noises due to hydrometeors and surface emission were conspicuously low. The reanalysis shows higher correlation with SC2 than with MSU2 partially because of the hydrometeors screening. SC2R in monthly climatological anomalies was more sensitive to surface thermal condition in northern hemisphere than MSU2 or SC2. The first EOF mode for the monthly mean data of MSU and ECMWF shows annual cycle over most regions except the tropics. The mode in MSU2 over the Pacific suggests the east-west dipole due to the Walker circulation, but this tendency is not clear in other data. In the first and second modes for the Ch2 anomalies over most regions, the MSU and ECMWF data commonly indicate interannual variability due to El Ni${\tilde{n}$o and La Ni${\tilde{n}$a. The substantial disagreement between observations and model reanalysis occurs over the equatorial upwelling region of the western Pacific, suggesting uncertainties in the model parameterization of atmosphere-ocean interaction.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.12
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• pp.1275-1281
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• 2006

Purpose : Cerebral edema in meningitis is a potentially complication. Hypertonic saline of various concentrations are frequently used to treat cerebral edemas in meningitis. We analyzed the safety and efficacy of osmotic therapy in cerebral edema by comparison of various hypertonic saline concentrations and mannitol. Methods : The medical records of 42 patients, who were followed up in the Department of Pediatrics, Busan Medical Center, from Jan. 2002 to Oct. 2005, were analyzed retrospectively. We measured intracranial pressure, mean flow velocity, and various laboratory parameters. Results : In cerebral edema developed in meningitis, intracranial pressure and symptoms were improved in treatment of hypertonic saline and mannitol. Serial bolus infusion of 3 percent hypertonic saline resulted in the best outcome. There was not a statistically considerable difference on the mean values of the intracranial pressure gap. On transcranial doppler, mean flow velocity was increased and pulsatilty index was decreased. Laboratory findings (osmolarity, Na, Cl, pH, lactic acid, Ca) were diffenent during the treatment period as opposed to K, Hb, bicarbonate, base excess. There was not a specific form of hypertonic saline used in meningitis treatment with cerebral edema. Conclusion : The therapy for cerebral edema in meningitis remains largely empirical. Serial bolus infusion of 3 percent hypertonic saline is better than other hypertonic salines. Various concentrations and different infusion methods of hypertonic saline statistically does not influence the result of treatment. More research aimed at improving cerebral edema treatment is needed to identify new, effective forms of treatment.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2014

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of copper-soy proteinate (Cu-SP) and herbal mixture (HBM) on growth performance, intestinal microflora, and immune response in broiler. A total 1,000 1-d old ROSS 308 (initial $BW=41{\pm}0.38g$) were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments with 4 replicates during d 35 of the feeding trial. Dietary included: (1) Control : control diet, (2) Antibiotics : control diet + Avilamycin 6 ppm, (3) Cu-SP : control diet + 100 ppm Cu-soy proteinate, (4) HBM : control diet + 0.15% herbal mixture, (5) Cu-SP+HBM : control diet + 100 ppm Cu-soy proteinate + 0.2% herbal mixture. Two-phase feeding program with a starter diet from d 0 to 21, and a finisher diet from d 22 to 35 was used in the experiment. Within each phase, a diet was formulated to meet or exceed NRC requirements of broilers for macro- and micronutrients. The diet and water were available ad libitum. Result indicated that during d 22 to 35 and over all periods of the experiment, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were greater (P<0.05) for other treatment than control. Significant differences were found in lymphocyte (LY), and stress indicator (HE:LY ratio). Lymphocyte was greater (P<0.05) for Cu-SP + HBM treatment than control. However, stress indicator (HE:LY ratio) were greater (P<0.05) for control than Cu-SP + HBM treatment. The plasma IgG was higher (P<0.05) in the antibiotics, HBM, and Cu-SP+HBM treatments groups compared with control. The population of Clostridium perfringens in the antibiotics, Cu-SP, HBM, Cu-SP + HBM treatment groups were lower (P<0.05) than those control. These result suggested that dietary copper-soy proteinate or herbal mixture may be used as an alternative to antibiotics to improve growth performance, and intestinal health of birds.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.61-68
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• 2020

This study was conducted to compare and analyze meat quality of Korean native duck (KND) meat relative to stocking density. The stocking densities under investigation were 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 birds/㎡. The experiment comprised six treatments and four replications, wherein the breast meat (pH, meat color, and physicochemical properties) and leg meat (fatty acid contents) of 8-week-old KNDs (2.8±0.2 kg) were used. pH of breast meat decreased linearly and quadratically (P<0.05) as stocking density increased. Ash content also decreased linearly (P<0.05) as stocking density increased; however, moisture, fat, and protein contents did not differ significantly among treatments. Furthermore, meat color and cooking loss (CL) increased linearly (P<0.05) as stocking density increased whereas neither shear force (SF) nor water holding capacity (WHC) displayed a significant difference among treatments. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18:0) contents decreased quadratically (P<0.05) as stocking density increased whereas, conversely, linoleic acid (C18:1n9) and eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9) contents increased linearly (P<0.05) as stocking density increased. Additionally, γ-linoleic acid (C18:3n6) content increased linearly and quadratically (P<0.05) as stocking density increased, but a decrease (P<0.05) was observed in arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) content. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) and total unsaturated fatty acid (TUFA) contents did not show significant differences among treatments relative to stocking density. However, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content increased linearly (P<0.05) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content decreased linearly (P<0.05) as stocking density increased. These results can be utilized as basic data for research on the effect of stocking density on KNDs.