• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.655-660
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• 2006

유기재배법이 배추의 화학적 품질특성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여, 유기와 일반 재배 배추의 영양 및 기능성성분의 함량을 각각 비교분석 하였다. 일반성분 중 수분은 유기농 배추보다 일반배추에서 높은 함량을 나타내었으나 조단백질, 조지방, 탄수화물 및 조회분은 일반배추보다 유기농배추에서 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 수용성 및 불용성식이섬유, ascorbic acid 및 dehydroascorbic acid, chlorophyll a 및 b, carotenoid 등의 각 함량은 일반배추보다 유기농배추에서 높게 나타났다. 무기질 중 칼륨함량은 유기농배추보다 일반배추에서 높았으나 칼슘, 인, 철, 마그네슘, 황 및 아연의 함량은 일반배추보다 유기농배추에서 높게 나타났다. 유리당인 fructose, glucose 및 sucrose의 각 함량은 유기농배추에서 높았으나 유기산인 malic acid와 citric acid의 함량은 유기농배추에서 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권1호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2009

본 연구는 산마늘, 곰취, 곤달비를 대상으로 피음 수준을 전광 처리구(상대 투광율; 100%), 약피음 처리구(상대 투광율; 64~73%), 보통피음 처리구(상대 투광율; 35~42%), 강피음 처리구(상대 투광율; 9~16%)의 4단계로 달리하여 이들의 광합성 특성, 엽록소 형광반응 및 엽록소 함량을 조사 분석하였다. 세 식물의 광합성 능력은 7월에 가장 높았다. 산마늘은 광합성 능력과 광화학 효율이 보통피음 처리구(상대 투광율; 35~42%)에서 가장 높았다. 그러나 곰취와 곤달비는 전광 처리구(상태 투광율; 100%)에서 광합성 능력과 광화학 효율이 가장 높았으며, 피음 수준이 높아질수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 총 엽록소 함량은 세 식물 모두 피음 수준이 높아질수록 유의적 차이를 보이며 높게 나타났다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1998

In order to find out the environmental factors influencing the catch of anchovy lift nets in kamakbay, the three oceanographic factors, i. e., the water temperature, the salinity, the amount of chlorophyll-a were observed respectively from August 1 to 12, 1995 and from September 20 to 26, 1995, and each of them was compared with the catch of anchovy by the lift net. The results obtained are summerized as follow : 1) The water temperature was ranged from 17.3 to 29.6$^{\circ}C$ and its difference between the surface and bottom was 1 to 3$^{\circ}C$. In the three areas, A, B and C, the area A was the hightest in temperature, the area B being a second, and the area C being the lowest. 2) The salinity was ranged from 32.20 to 33.47$\textperthousand$ and its difference between the surface and bottom was not significant. In the three areas, the area A was the highest in salinity, the area B being a second, and the area C being the lowest. 3) The amount of chlorophyll-a was ranged from 0.19 to 5.30mg/m supper(3) and its difference among the three areas was not significant. Daily variation of the amount was very irregulated because the position operated was changed daily. 4) A comparison of the water temperature, the salinity and the amount of chlorophyll-a with the catch gave that the water temperature and the amount of chlorophyll-a had large influence on the catch and the salinity did not so. However, the influence of the amount of chlorophyll-a was larger than that of the water temperature. 5) The catch of anchovy was large respectively during two hours after sun set and during two hours before sun rise.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2001

We developed a CASE-II water model that will enable the simulation of remote sensing reflectance($R_{rs}$) at the coastal waters for the retrieval of suspended sediments (SS) concentrations from satellite imagery. The model has six components which are: water, chlorophyll, dissolved organic matter (DOM), non-chlorophyllous particles (NC), heterotrophic microorganisms and an unknown component, possibly represented by bubbles or other particulates unrelated to the five first components. We measured $R_{rs}$, concentration of SS and chlorophyll, and absorption of DOM during our field campaigns in Korea. In addition, we generated $R_{rs}$ from different concentrations of SS and chlorophyll, and various absorptions of DOM by random number functions to create a large database to test the model. We assimilated both the computer generated parameters as well as the in-situ measurements in order to reconstruct the reflectance spectra. We validated the model by comparing model-reconstructed spectra with observed spectra. The estimated $R_{rs}$ spectra were used to (1) evaluate the performance of four wavelengths and wavelengths ratios for accurate retrieval of SS. 2) identify the optimum band for SS retrieval, and 3) assess the influence of the SS on the chlorophyll algorithm. The results indicate that single bands at longer wavelengths in visible better results than commonly used channel ratios. The wavelength of 625nm is suggested as a new and optimal wavelength for SS retrieval. Because this wavelength is not available from SeaWiFS, 555nm is offered as an alternative. The presence of SS in coastal areas can lead to overestimation chlorophyll concentrations greater than 20-500%.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.533-541
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• 2011

Algal blooms have caused problems for drinking water as well as eutrophication. However it is difficult to control algal blooms by current warning manual in rainy season because the algal blooms happen in a few days. The water quality data, which have high correlations with Chlorophyll-a on Daecheongho station, were analyzed and chosen as input data of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for training pattern changes. ANN was applied to early forecasting of algal blooms, and ANN was assessed by forecasting errors. Water temperature, pH and Dissolved oxygen were important factors in the cross correlation analysis. Some water quality items like Total phosphorus and Total nitrogen showed similar pattern to the Chlorophyll-a changes with time lag. ANN model (No. 3), which was calibrated by water temperature, pH and DO data, showed lowest error. The combination of 1 day, 3 days, 7 days forecasting makes outputs more stable. When automatic monitoring data were used for algal bloom forecasting in Daecheong reservoir, ANN model must be trained by just input data which have high correlation with Chlorophyll-a concentration. Modular type model, which is combined with the output of each model, can be effectively used for stable forecasting.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.547-555
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• 2021

To compare the vitality among cool-season turfgrasses under summer weather conditions and to obtain information to improve the management of turfgrasses in golf courses and sports fields., the chlorophyll fluorescence of three cool-season turfgrasses commonly planted on golf courses in the Jeju area was measured. The turfgrasses were perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.). In perennial ryegrass and Kentucky bluegrass, the chlorophyll index was low in early summer and high in late summer. In creeping bentgrass, it remained low throughout the study. Fo tended to be low in the early summer and high in late summer in the three turfgrasses. However, the difference in F_o between late summer and early summer was markedly higher in perennial ryegrass than in Kentucky bluegrass or creeping bentgrass. F_m tended to be low in early summer and high in late summer, without obvious differences among the three turfgrasses. F_v/F_m, a measure of photochemical efficiency, was also low in early summer and high in late summer in the three turfgrasses. However, F_v/F_m in late summer was mostly higher in Kentucky bluegrass and creeping bentgrass than in perennial ryegrass, indicating that the former are more resistant to the high temperature and humidity of late summer. Furthermore, Kentucky bluegrass had a high chlorophyll index in late summer and would be most resistant to the harsh conditions of late summer.

• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2017

Four chemical treatments with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), copper sulfate (CuSO₄), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) and chlorine (Cl₂) were applied to the effluent pond water of a hybrid striped bass saltwater recirculating aquaculture system to compare their oxidation power. Four chemicals were applied at concentrations of 0 (control), 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/l. An additional concentration of 40 mg/l was included in the chlorine treatment. Water samples from four hybrid striped bass ponds were tested with KMnO₄ and Cl₂. H₂O₂ did not reduce any of BOD, COD and chlorophyll-a, and copper sulfate was only effective on chlorophyll-a for the effluent pond. Removal efficiencies for chlorophyll-a by copper sulfate were 19.2%, 37.5%, 54.2% and 74.1% dose-dependently. Potassium permanganate effectively removed the BOD, COD and chlorophyll-a. The COD removal rates in four fish ponds varied from 15.9% to 31.6% at the concentration of 10 mg/l. Interestingly, Cl₂ did not reduce the BOD and COD at all, but the BOD and COD instead increased drastically with increasing the Cl₂ concentration. The pond water with the highest initial BOD and COD values among the fish ponds tested increased by 350% in the BOD and 150% in the COD at 20 mg/l. Furthermore, Cl₂ did not significantly reduce any types of solid matter in this study, while KMnO₄ seemed to reduce some extent volatile dissolved solid in the fish pond.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.85-102
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• 2023

Background: Ecophysiological characteristics of Rosa rugosa were analyzed under different environmental factors from May to October 2022. Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, leaf water content (LWC), osmolality, carbohydrate content, and total ion content were measured to compare the physiological characteristics of R. rugosa at two study sites (i.e., in large pots and in the Goraebul coastal sand dune area). Results: When R. rugosa was exposed to high temperatures, photosynthetic parameters including net photosynthetic rate (P_N) and stomatal conductance (g_s) in both experiment areas declined. In addition, severe photoinhibition occurs when R. rugosa is continuously exposed to high photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and because of this, relatively low Y(II) (i.e., the quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in photosystem II [PSII]) and high Y(NO) (i.e., the quantum yield of non-regulated, non-photochemical energy loss in PSII) in the R. rugosa of the pot were observed. As the high Y(NPQ) (i.e., the quantum yield of regulated non-photochemical energy loss in PSII) of R. rugosa in the coastal sand dune, they dissipated the excessed photon energy through the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanism when they were exposed to relatively low PAR and low temperature. Rosa rugosa in the coastal sand dune has higher chlorophyll a and carotenoid content. The high chlorophyll a + b and low chlorophyll a/b ratios seemed to optimize light absorption in response to low PAR. High carotenoid content played an important role in NPQ. As a part of the osmotic regulation in response to low LWCs, R. rugosa exposed to high temperatures and continuously high PAR used soluble carbohydrates and ions to maintain high osmolality. Conclusions: We found that F_v/F_m was lower in the potted plants than in the coastal sand dune plants, indicating the vulnerability of R. rugosa to high temperatures and PAR levels. We expect that the suitable habitat range for R. rugosa will shrink and move to north under climate change conditions.

• 생태와환경
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• 제37권1호통권106호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2004

본 연구는 한강하류의 부영양화에 미치는 환경요인과 chlorophyll-a의 상관성을 파악하기 위하여 2001년 2월 24일부터 2002년 2월 9일까지 격주로 시료를 분석하였다. 수온은 $0.5^{\circ}C$에서 $26.4^{\circ}C$로 전형적인 온대성 기후를 나타내었고, pH는 약산성에서 약알칼리성을 보였다. TN과 TP의 농도 범위는 각각 1.68${\sim}$20.96 mg $L^{-1}$, 0.02${\sim}$1.17 mg $L^{-1}$이었고, TN/TP 비는 22.46로 상대적으로 높은 질소원을 보였다. Chlorophyll-a 는 2.3${\sim}$136.3 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$로 계절별 변이가 컸으며, 이를 물리 ${\cdot}$ 화학적 환경요인과 상관분석을 한 결과, 정의 상관계수를 나타내는 요인은 BOD. COD. pH. $NH_4\;^+$-N, TP. TN. 전기전도, $PO_4\;^{3-}$-P등의 순서였고, 부의 상관관계는 $NO_3\;^-$-N으로 나타났다. 한편 환경요인의 요인분석 결과, 제1요인은 "영양염류 요인"으로 전기전도도, BOD, COD, 부유물질, TN, TP, $NH_4\;^+$-N, $PO_4\;^{3-}$-P로 구분되었고, 제2요인은 "기후변동의 요인"으로 수온과 DO로 나타났으며, 제3요인은 "식물플랑크톤의 물질대사요인"으로 pH와 $NO_3\;^-$-N으로 나타났다. 요인분석의 3가지 요인 중에서 제1요인이 43.08%로 제2요인과 제3요인이 각각 18.84%와 14.28%로 한강하류수역의 수질 특성은 영양염류인자에 따른 영향이 크다고 판단된다. Chlorophyll-a의 농도와 환경요인의 상관관계를 바탕으로 단계적 회귀분석 후 표준화한 결과, 결정계수 (Ra)가 0.32로 전기전도도, $PO_4\;^{3-}$-P, $NO_3\;^-$-N,$NH_4\;^+$-N이 chlorophyll-a의 변화에 크게 작용하는 것으로 파악되었다.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

동해 표층 해수에서 측정한 이산화탄소 분압($pCO_2$)에 대해 기 확보된 자료는 해양-대기간 $CO_2$ 교환율을 정량화하고자 통계 기법을 적용하기에는 부족한 편이다. 이를 보완하기 위해 위성자료를 이용하여 관측이 이루어지지 않은 해역의 $pCO_2$를 신경망모델을 이용하여 채워 넣는(mapping) 연구를 시도하였다. 본 연구는 동해에서 현장관측자료가 가장 많이 축적된 울릉분지를 대상으로 2003년부터 2012년까지의 표층$pCO_2$자료와, Aqua 위성의 MODIS 센서로 관측한 해표면 온도(SST)와 엽록소(chlorophyll) 자료, 경위도 자료로 신경망모델을 구축하여 $pCO_2$ 분포도 작성과 변동성을 추정하고자 하였다. 신경망모델의 학습은 $pCO_2$ 관측자료와 모델결과값의 상관도가 95% 이상을 달성하도록 하였다. 모델 결과의 평균제곱근오차(RMSE)는 $19.2{\mu}atm$으로 관측자료의 변동 크기와 비교해서 훨씬 작은 수준이었다. SST와 chlorophyll에 연관된 $pCO_2$의 변동성을 살펴보면 chlorophyll 보다는 SST에 대해 더욱 강한 음의 상관 관계를 보였다. 모델이 출력한 $pCO_2$의 변동성은 SST가 내려감에 따라 커지는 경향을 보였다. $15^{\circ}C$ 이하에서는 $pCO_2$ 변동성에 대한 SST와 chlorophyll의 기여도가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 반면 SST가 $15^{\circ}C$ 이상일 경우에는 $pCO_2$ 변동성은 SST와 chlorophyll의 변화에 대해 그리 민감하게 반응하지 않았다. 신경망모델 출력값으로 추정한 2003-2014년 사이의 울릉분지 표층수의 연평균 $pCO_2$ 증가율은 $0.8{\mu}atm$이었다. 신경망 모델이 울릉분지의 $pCO_2$에 대해 이전 연구보다 해상력과 오차가 향상된 $pCO_2$ 채워넣기를 가능케 해 준 점에 비추어 볼 때 국제정세에 따라 전역 관측이 수월하지 않은 동해의 탄소순환을 이해하는데 유용한 도구로 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.