• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.632-643
• /
• 2022

Although probiotics have been shown to improve health when consumed, recent studies have reported that they can cause unwanted side effects due to bacterial-human interactions. Therefore, the importance of prebiotics that can form beneficial microbiome in the gut has been emphasized. This study isolated and identified bacteria capable of producing biopoymer as a candidate prebiotic from traditional fermented foods. The isolated and identified strain was named WCYSK01 (Wissella sp. strain YSK01). The composition of the medium for culturing this strain was prepared by dissolving 3 g K₂HPO₄, 0.2 g MgSO₄, 0.05 g CaCl₂, 0.1 g NaCl in 1 L of distilled water. The LMBP(low molecular weight biopoymers) produced when fermentation was performed with sucrose and maltose as substrates were mainly consisted of DP3 (degree of polymer; isomaltotriose), DP4 (isomaltotetraose), DP5 (isomaltopentaose), and DP6 (isomaltoheptaose). The optimization of LMBP (low molecular weight of biopolymer) production was performed using the response surface methodology. The fermentation process temperature range of 18 to 32℃, the fermentation medium pH in the range of 5.1 to 7.9. The yield of LMBP production by the strain was found to be significantly affected by q fermentation temperature and pH. The optimal fermentation conditions were found at the normal point, and the production yield was more than 75% at pH 7.5 and temperature of 23℃.

• 한국균학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.157-168
• /
• 1985

담자균(擔子菌)을 이용한 발효사료(醱酵飼料)를 제조(製造)할 목적(目的)으로 분리(分離)한 균주(菌株)의 균생육(菌生育) 속도(速度)와 섬유소분해능(纖維素分解能)((여과지(濾過紙) 붕괴법(崩壞法)과 CMC 액화법(液化法))을 비교(比較)하여 1차 5균주(菌株)를 선별(選別)하였고 1차 선별(選別)된 균주(菌株)를 볏짚배지(培地)에서 생육(生育) 속도(速度)와 CMCase, xylanase, protease 활성(活性)을 비교(比較)하여 Lyophyllum decastes를 선정(選定)하였다. Lyophyllum decastes의 균생육(菌生育)과 효소생산(酵素生産)을 위한 배양(培養) 최적(最適) 조건(條件)은 $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C,\;pH\;6.0{\sim}7.0$, 수분(水分) $70{\sim}75\;%$ 범위였으며 효소생산(酵素生産)은 15일 배양시(培養時) 좋았다. 부원료(副原料)로 미곡(米穀) $30{\sim}40\;%$, 들깨묵 $10{\sim}20\;%$의 첨가(添加)로 효소생산(酵素生産)은 증가(增加)되나 균생육(菌生育)은 늦었으며 무기염(無機鹽)으로 $0.36{\sim}0.72\;%$의 $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$ 첨가(添加)가 효과적(效果的)이었다. 볏짚을 40 mesh 이하로 분비(粉碑)하거나 $0.5\;kg/cm^2$의 증기압(蒸氣壓)으로 처리(處理)하면 균생육(菌生育)은 조금 늦으나 효소생산(酵素生産)에는 효과적(效果的)이었다. 알칼리 처리중(處理中) $Ca(OH)_2$ 처리(處理)가 균생육(菌生育)이나 효소생산(酵素生産)에 좋았고 NaOH의 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)하면 균생육(菌生育)이나 효소생산(酵素生産)은 낮았다. 볏짚발효시(醱酵時) 발효(醱酵)가 진행됨에 따라 회분(灰分), 환원당(還元糖), 총실소(總室素)는 증가(增加)하였고 섬유소(纖維素), lignin, pentosan은 감소(減少)하였다. 알칼리 처리시(處理時) 회분(灰分), 총실소(總室素), lignin은 감소(減少)하였고 환원당(還元糖)과 섬유소(纖維素)는 증가(增加)하였으며 NaOH의 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)할수록 변화(變化)는 심하였다. 발효(醱酵)가 진행됨에 따라 in vitro dry matter 소화율(消化率)은 증가(增加)하여 발효초기(醱酵初期) 55.03 %에서 45일 발효후(醱酵後)는 62.72 %로 증가(增加)하였다. 알칼리 처리시(處理時)는 KOH, NaOH의 처리(處理)가 효과적(效果的)이었으며 NaOH의 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)하면 소화율(消化率)은 증가(增加)하였고 알칼리 전처리(前處理) 볏짚의 발효사료(醱酵飼料) 제조시(製造時)도 소화율(消化率)의 향상을 가져 왔다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.148-153
• /
• 1989

Cyclodextrin(CD) 생성효소(CGTase)를 생산하는 미생물을 토양으로부터 알칼리 (pH10.3) 조건하에서 1주 분리하여 동정한 결과, pH 7.5~ll.0까지 생육하는 절대 호알칼리성 Bacillus sp.이었다. 분리균주가 생산하는 효소는 전분으로부터 $\beta$-CD를 우선적으로 생성하는 효소임을 HPLC를 통해 분석하였으며, 이때의 $\alpha$-, $\beta$-, ${\gamma}$-CD의 생성비율은 1:10:1.5이었으나 분리균주의 효소생산 조건은 1% $Na_2$CO$_3$가 탄소원으로, 5% corn steep liquor를 질소원으로 하여 호기적 조건에서 37$^{\circ}C$, 48~60시간 진탕배양하였을 때 배양상징액으로 부터 최대 효소생산을 얻었다. Ethanol 침전방법을 이용하여 얻은 조효소액의 효소적 특성에 있어서 본 효소의 최적활성 pH는 6.0이었으며 pH 안정성은 pH 5~9까지 안정하였다. 최적활성 온도는 5$0^{\circ}C$이었으며 열안정은 5$0^{\circ}C$까지 안정함을 보였다. 본 효소의 활성염색 전기영동 결과, 대조균인 호알칼리성 Bacillus sp. ATCC 21783의 효소와 비교시 단백질의 성상에 있어서 차이점을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.123-131
• /
• 1992

This study was done to evaluate the changes of enamel surface by interproximal stripping and recovery of it by polishing. The number of 34 1st premolars which had extracted for orthodontic treatment were selected as samples. Interproximal stripping was performed by hand with metal strip and strip placer (Dentaurum Co., Germany) and low speed handpiece with diamond disk (Superdiaflex, Germany). Polishing was performed by hand with plastic strip (3M Col) and low speed handpiece with whip-mix, DCPA (Dicalcium Phosphate, Anhydrous, $CaHPO_4$) powder and Sof-lex (3M Co. U.S.A.) polishing kit. Each groups were examined under the scanning electron microscope (JEOL Co., JSM-840A, Japan) and the following results were obtained: 1. The stripped group performed by metal strip and diamond disk altogether showed deep furrow on the enamel surface as wide as about $10{{\mu}m}$. 2. There could be seen more irregular scratched line in the group stripped by metal strip than that by diamond disk. 3. The polished group performed by plastic strip and DCPA powder showed slight smoothening of the edge of stripped furrow on the enamel surface without relation to the stripping method. 4. The polished group performed by Sof-lex progressive polishing kit could not avoid the formation of the furrows on the enamel surface according to the particle size without relation to the stripping method. 5. The polished group performed by the superfine polishing wheel, the final stage of Sof-lex polishing method showed shallow scratched line as wide as within about $2{{\mu}m}$ on the enamel surface without relation to the stripping method. 6. The interproximal stripped enamel surface could not recover its original surface texture by any kind of polishing methods.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 1989

토양으로부터 분리 한 균주 YS-221-B로부터 $\alpha$-D-Glucosidase Inhibitor 생산조건을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 최적 pH와 온도는 8.0, 3$0^{\circ}C$였으며, 탄소원으로는 mannitol, 1-Inositol, erythritol과 같은 당알코올이 양호하였으며, 질소원으로는 asparagine, beef extract가 양호하였다. Riboflavin, folic acid, thiamine과 같은 vitamin의 첨가에 의해서 저해물질 생산이 10~20% 증가되었으며, 금속이온 중에 $Zn^{++}$, $Mg^{++}$은 약 20% 정도 물질생산을 촉진시켰으나 Li$^+$, Co$^{++}$ $Ca^{++}$, Fe$^{++}$ 등은 감소시켰다. 그리고 pH8.0, 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 8~9일간 배양함으로써 저해물질 생산이 최고에 달하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.497-508
• /
• 2017

This study aimed to investigate correlations between concentrations of extractable Arsenic (As) with varying chemical solutions (0.1 M $Ca(NO_3)_2$, 0.1 M $(NH_4)2HPO_4$, 0.5 M EDTA, Mehlich 3, and 0.5 M $NaHCO_3$) and those of As in crops, and then to seek the most suitable soil extraction method for predicting the potential of As uptake in crops cultivated in soils contaminated with As. For a mesocosm experiment, pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), soybean (Glycine max L.), and rice (Oryza sativa L.) were cultivated for three months in pots containing soils taken from the arable areas near abandoned mines in Korea. Following the cultivation, soil pH and DOC significantly increased by treatments of lime and lime plus compost, respectively, while insignificant influences in changing total and all extractable As concentrations were found in all soils. Arsenic concentration in edible part of all crops considerably depended on the extractable As concentration in the soils, particularly with Mehlich 3. All extractable As concentrations in the soils of C. annuum and G. max were significantly correlated with As concentration in their edible parts. For O. sativa, the extractable concentrations of Mehlich 3 ($R^2$: 0.18 at p: 0.006) and EDTA ($R^2$: 0.11 at p: 0.036) showed only marked relationships with As concentration in the edible part. These results may indicate that the Mehlich 3 and EDTA are soil extractants to determine phytoavailable As in soil that provide better prediction for As transfer from soil to crop.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.246-252
• /
• 2010

In order to improve the availability of phytase and probiotics together, a phytase gene from Aspergillus ficuum has been expressed in Lactobacillus. In this study, the transformed Lactobacillus with phytase gene was fed to pigs to determine its effect on pig production, feed conversion and gut microbes. Forty eight, 60-day-old, castrated pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Pietrain) were assigned to 6 groups, 8 pigs for each group. Group 1 was the control, group 2 was added with chlortetracycline (500 mg/kg), group 3 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of calcium monohydrogen phosphate (CMP, $CaHPO_{4}$) removed, group 4 was added with the natural Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 20% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 5 was added with the transformed Lactobacillus (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed, group 6 was added with phytase (500 mg/kg) with 40% (w/w) of CMP removed. The results showed: i) the average daily gain (ADG) was improved in groups 2, 3 and 4 (p<0.05); ii) the diarrhea rates in the groups added with Lactobacillus were lower than in the other groups (p<0.05), in which the transformed Lactobacillus had more effect on reducing digestive disease; iii) the transformed Lactobacillus was most effective in improving the digestibilities of crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), compared with the other groups (p<0.05); iv) Lactobacillus could increase lactic acid bacterium number and ammonia concentrations, and decrease pH values and E. coli number in pig feces (p<0.05); v) the phytase activity in the feces of pigs fed with the transformed Lactobacillus was 133.32 U/g, which was higher than in group 4 (9.58 U/g, p<0.05), and was almost the same as group 6 (135.94 U/g); vi) the transformed Lactobacillus could increase serum concentrations of IgA, triglyceride, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity (p<0.05), and had no significant effect on other serum indexes (p>0.05).

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 1978

여러 가지 재료(材料)로부터 pectinase 생산능(生産能)이 강(强)한 균주(菌株)를 검색(檢索)하고 우수균주(優秀菌株) AC-12를 1주선발(株選拔)하여 동정(同定)하고 독성시험(毒性試驗) 및 pectinase 생산조건(生産條件), 효소(酵素)의 특성(特性) 및 사과 과즙(果汁)의 청징화실험(淸澄化實驗)을 실시(實施)하고 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 선발우수균주(選拔優秀菌株)는 Raper와 Fennel의 분류방법(分類方法)에 따라 동정(同定)하였으며 Aspergillus sp. AC-12로 이름 붙였다. 2. 본효소제품(本酵素製品)은 백서(白鼠)의 사육시험(飼育試驗)에서 전연(全然) 독성(毒性)을 나타내지 않았다. 3. 탈지미당배지(脫脂米糖培地)가 밀기울 배지(培地)에 비(比)하여 pectinase의 생산량(生産量)이 현저하게 많았다. 4. 탈지미당배지(脫脂米糖培地)에서의 최적(最適) 배양시간(培養時間)은 72시간(時間), 최적(最適) 첨수량(添水量)은 80% 내외(內外), 최적(最適) 배양온도(培養溫度)는 $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$, 최적첨수(最適添水)의 pH는 $3.0{\sim}5.0$ 이었다. 5. 탈지미당배지(脫脂米糖培地)에 pectin, 밀기울배지(培地)에 pectin, $NaNO_3$ 및 $K_2HPO_4$의 첨가(添加)는 pectinase의 생산(生産)을 약간 증가(增加)시켰다. 6. 본효소(本酵素)의 작용최적(作用最適) pH는 $3.0{\sim}4.0,$ 최적온도(最適溫度)는 $40{\sim}50^{\circ}C$, 안정(安定) pH범위(範圍)는 $2.0{\sim}8.0$이고 $40^{\circ}C$ 이하(以下)에서는 안전(安全)하나 $50^{\circ}C$ 이상(以上)에서는 급격(急擊)하게 불활성화(不活性化)되었고, $MnSO_4$와 $CaSO_4$의 첨가(添加)는 pectinase의 활성(活性)을 약간 증가(增加)시켰다. 7. 사과과즙의 청징화(淸澄化)에 대(對) 최적온도(最適溫度)는 $40{\sim}45^{\circ}C$ 최적(最適) pH는 3.0이었고, 사과과즙에 대한 효소제품(酵素製品)의 최적첨가농도(最適添加濃度)는 0.1%이며 $45^{\circ}C$에서 60분간(分間) 반응(反應)시켰을 때 과즙(果汁)은 거의 청징화(淸澄化)되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.171-177
• /
• 1998

The strain A49, which produces a new type of extracellular polysaccharide was isolated from soil samples. From morphological, physiological and biochemical tests, the strain A49 was identified as a Bacillus polymyxa and named Bacillus polymyxa A49. Bacillus polymyxa A49 was found to produce a highly viscous extracellular polysaccharide when grown aerobically in a medium containing glucose as the sole source of carbon. The polysaccharide (A49 POL) showed a homogeneous pattern on gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 1.6 mega dalton (mDa). The FT-IR spectrum of A49-POL revealed typical characteristics of polysaccharides. As a result of investigations with HPLC and carbozole assay, A49-POL was found to consist of L-fucose, D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-glucuronic acid, with the molar ratio of these sugars being approximately 1:2:7:50:12. Rheological analysis of A49 POL revealed that it is pseudoplastic and has a higher apparent viscosity at dilute concentrations than does xanthan gum. The consistancy factor of A49 POL was found to be higher, and the flow index of A49 POL lower, than xanthan gum. Its apparent viscosity was comparatively unstable at various temperatures. the A49 POL showed the highest apparent viscosity at pH 3. When salts were added to A49 POL solution, the solution was compatible with up to 10% KCl, 35% NaCl, 55% $CaCl_2$, 55% $MgCl_2$, 55% $K_2HPO_4$, and 110% $Ca({NO_3})_2$, respectively.

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.16-25
• /
• 2002

다시마의 조체 연화와 유용성분 추출 방법을 검토하여 다시마를 이용한 엽상 및 분말차 제조를 검토하였다. 다시마 엽체 연화를 위하여 0.05% 초산용액의 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 0.5시간, 0.2% 제2인산칼륨용액의 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 0.5시간, 0.3% 탄산나트륨용액의 10$0^{\circ}C$에서 0.5시간 자숙처리하는 것이 적당하였다. 그리고 0.05% 초산용액의 9$0^{\circ}C$서 0.5시간 자숙하여 엽체를 연화시키고 조미첨가제로서 0.5% glutamic acid, 3% glycine, 5% sorbitol 및 1.5% soy sauce를 다시마 중량에 대하여 10% 첨가하여 약한 불에서 1시간 졸여서 제조한 엽상차가 관능검사에서 씹힘성, 단맛, 향 및 색택이 가장 우수하게 평가되었다. 엽상차 액의 유리아미노산 함량은 alanine이 707.2 $\mu$mo1/100 $m\ell$로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며, 그 다음으로 glutamic acid가 343.6 $\mu$mo1/100 $m\ell$이었고, 무기성분은 Na이 49.378 ppm으로 가장 많았으며, 다음으로 Mg 10.72 ppm, K 10.56 ppm 및 Ca 6.55 ppm 순이었다. 11$0^{\circ}C$에서 1.5시간 가압처리한 다시마 분말의 용출액이 점도가 가장 낮아 1.73 cP이었고 총고형물 및 회분함량은 가장 높아 각각 2.22% 및 1.48% 이었다. 여기에 0.05% glutamic acid, 5% glycine, 5% glucose 및 4% sodium chloride를 첨가하여 분말차로 제조하였고, 분말차 2g을 9$0^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 우려낸 물의 유리 아미노산 중 glycine이 222.04 $\mu$mo1/100 $m\ell$로 가장 많이 함유되었고 그 다음으로 glutamic acid는 208.58 $\mu$mo1/100 $m\ell$이었다. 그리고 무기성분으로는 Na이 104.24 ppm으로 가장 많은 양이 함유되어 있었으며, 다음으로 Mg 14.31 ppm, K 9.68 ppm, Fe 2.36 ppm, Ca 2.00 ppm, Zn 0.13 ppm, Cu 0.10 ppm 및 Mn 0.01 ppm의 조성을 보였다.