• 한국광물학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2002

캐나다 퀘벡 주 오카지역에서 산출되는 네오비움 페롭스카이트(일명 라트라파이트, $Ca_2NbFe^{3+}O_6$)에 대하여 화학분석과 분말 X선 회절 데이터를 이용한 리트벨트 구조분석을 실시하였다. 라트라파이트는 $CaTiO_3-NaNbO_3-Ca_2NbFe^{3+}O_6$의 연속계열 고용체의 성분을 가지며, 화학분석 결과 평균$(Ca_{1.5}Na_{0.4})\;(Nb_{0.1}Ti_{0.6}Fe_{0.4})O_6$ 리트벨트 구조분석 결과 라트라파이트의 구조는 페롭스카이트($CaTiO_3$)의 결정구조와 유사하지만, Ti 이온이 Nb와 $Fe^{3+}$에 의해 치환되면서 상당히 뒤틀리고, $TiO_6$ 팔면체가 페롭스카이트에 비해 서로 기울어져 있는 모습을 보여준다 새롭게 결정된 라트라파이트의 공간군은 Pbnm, 단위포는 a=5.4474(4), b=5.5264(4), c=7.7519(5) ${\AA},\;V=233.4(3){\AA}^3$이다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.629-636
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• 1994

The ferrimagnetic glass-ceramics in the system Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2 for hyperthermia were investigated. Glasses could be prepared up to the content of 40 wt% of Fe2O3 and below the weight ratio of 1.0 of CaO/SiO2. The maximum saturation magnetization and the maximum coercive force were 29.85 emu/g and 340.1 Oe respectively, for a glass 40Fe2O3.20CaO.40SiO2 composition heat-treated at 95$0^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours. And for a glass 40Fe2O3.30CaO.30SiO2 composition the maximum saturation magnetization and the maximum coercive force were 18.47 emu/g and 374.4 Oe heat-treated at 1,00$0^{\circ}C$ and 90$0^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours respectively. The maximum hysteresis loss was 1,726.3 cal/g for a glass 40Fe2O3.20CaO.40SiO2 composition heat-treated at 95$0^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours. It was found that the ferrimagnetic Fe2O3.CaO.SiO2 glass-ceramics was little injurious to human body as results of biocompatibility test and biotoxicity test.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.86-89
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• 2009

Structural and magnetic properties of polycrystalline $CaFe_2O_4$ prepared by the solid state reaction method were studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectroscopy. The structure of $CaFe_2O_4$ belongs to an orthorhombic system (space group: Pnma) with the lattice parameters $a=9.2373\;{\AA}$, $b=3.0237\;{\AA}$, and $c=10.7124\;{\AA}$. Results of structural refinement indicate, however, that there are two slightly different iron sites in the sample. The $M{\ddot{o}}ssbauer$ spectrum at 4.2 K shows a hyperfine sextet with a hyperfine magnetic field and an isomer shift of 47.3 T and 0.36 mm/s, respectively. An examination of the spectrum revealed that the line widths of the spectral lines were not uniform. The degree of asymmetric line broadening decreases with increasing temperature, suggesting that the difference in the degree of crystalline distortions between two $FeO_6$ octahedra is eliminated as the temperature rises.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.82-90
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• 2011

Reactive reductants of cement/Fe(II) systems in dechlorinating chlorinated hydrocarbons have not been identified. The previous studies showed that a hematite/CaO/Fe(II) system had TCE degradation characteristics similar to those of cement/Fe(II) systems with regard to degradation kinetics and that lime (CaO) plays an important role in enhancing the reactivity for TCE dechlorination. The current study shows identified the formation of gypsum ($CaSO_4$) in the hematite/CaO/$FeSO_4$ system through the XRD analysis. The amounts of the gypsum increased with increment of the initial CaO dose. However, when CaO in the hematite/CaO/$FeSO_4$ system was replaced with gypsum, TCE degradation was not observed. Ca-removed Portland cement extracts (CPCX) in combination with $FeSO_4(CPCX/FeSO_4)$ showed no TCE degradation. On the other hands, the Portland cement extracts (PCX) in the presence of $FeSO_4(PCX/FeSO_4)$ and CPCX/CaO/$FeSO_4$ systems degraded 0.2 mM TCE within 5 days, indicating that CaO also played an important role dechlorination reactions in the systems. The pseudo-first-order rate constants (k) of the CPCX/CaO/$FeSO_4$ systems were 0.20, 0.24, and 0.72 $day^{-1}$, when the CaO dosages were 25, 50 and 75 g/L, respectively. The XRD analyses showed identified the common peaks having the d-values of 3.02, 2.27, and 1.87 in the reaction systems that showed TCE degradation. However, it was not possible to clearly identify the crystalline minerals having the three peaks from the references in JCPDS cards. This study reveals that the reactive agents in the cement/Fe(II) and the hematite/Fe(II) systems are likely to be those containing CaO and Fe(II).

• Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.983-986
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• 2021

This study investigated the recovery behavior of valuable metals (Co, Ni, Cu and Mn) in spent lithium ion-batteries based on Al₂O₃-SiO₂-CaO-Fe₂O₃ slag system via DC submerged arc smelting process. The valuable metals were recovered by 93.9% at the 1250℃ for 30 min on the 20Al₂O₃-40SiO₂-20CaO-20Fe₂O₃ (mass%) slag system. From the analysis of the slag by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, it was considered that Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃ acted as basic oxides to depolymerize SiO₄ and AlO₄ under the addition of critical 20 mass% Fe₂O₃ in 20Al₂O₃-40SiO₂-CaO-Fe₂O₃ (CaO + Fe₂O₃ = 40 mass%). In addition, it was observed that the addition of Fe₂O₃ ranging between 20 and 30 mass% lowers the melting point of the slag system.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.738-746
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• 1997

MgO clinker and two kinds of dolomite clinkers with different microstructures and CaO contents were used as starting materials, and the effects of Fe2O3 addition on the properties of MgO and dolomite were investigated in the range of 2 to 8 wt% of Fe2O3 content. Secondary phases contributed to densification of MgO-Fe2O3 and dolomite-Fe2O3 were magnesioferrite and dicalciumferrite, respectively. Sinterabilities of MgO-Fe2O3 and dolomite-Fe2O3 were directly proportional to the amount of secondary phases. Also, sinterability of dolomite itself was dependent on the microstructure of starting material including distribution of CaO and MgO as well as the addition amount of Fe2O3. The flexural strength of MgO-Fe2O3 content was almost constant. The hydration resistance of dolomite with large size of MgO and discontinuous distribution of CaO was higher than that of dolomite with small size of MgO and continuous distribution of CaO. Also, the minimum content of Fe2O3 to prevent they hydration of dolomite was about 4wt%. As increasing Fe2O3 content, the penetration resistance of MgO-Fe2O3 was improved by the increment of magnesioferrite. On the other hand, the penetration resistance of dolomite-Fe2O3 was decreased because of the increment of dicalciumferrite having low melting point.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 1992

본 연구에서는 장래의 전자공업 및 정보산업의 기본소재로서 그 응용이 기대되고 있는비정질 산화물자성체를 개발하기 위한 기초연구를 수행하였다. 현재 연구보고 되어 있는 강자성비정질 산화물은 같은 조성의 다결정 ferrite에 비하여 그 자성이 빈약하므로 자성이 좀더 강한비정질 spinel ferrite의 개발이 요구된다. 자체 제작한 쌍 roller 초급내장치로써 $CaO-B_{2}O_{3}$ 계 amorphous ferrite 시료를 제조하고 얻어진 시편의 제특성을 조사하기 위해 XRD, DTA/TG, VSM, $M\"{o}ssbauer$ spectrum으로 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. $CaO-Bi_{2}O_{3}$ 계 amorphous ferrite는 10-50 mole% CaO, 10-50 mole% $Bi_{2}O_{3}$. 40-70 mole% $Fe_{2}O_{3}$의 조성 영역에서 제조가 가능하고 $BiFeO_{3}$와 $CaFe_{4}O_{7}$의 혼합 조성부근에서 강력한 자화를 나타낸다. 특히 ${(CaO)}_{20}-{(Bi_{2}O_{3})}_{15}{(Fe_{2}O_{3}}_{65}$의 조성에 있어서는 자화가 약 21.84 emu/g(10 kOe)이며 강 자성적인 거동을 나타낸다. 이 비정질 ferrite는 반강자성상($\alpha$-상)과 강자성상($\beta$-상)으로 되어 있다. 비정질 ferrite의 결정화는 $550^{\circ}C$와 $775^{\circ}C$에서 2단계로 일어나고, 그때 나타나는 결정상은 $BiFeO_{3}$의 perovskite 상과 ${\alpha}-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ 상이다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.642-646
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• 2004

Na$_2$Si$_2$O$_{5}$ added to the solution affects the hydration of 4CaOㆍAl$_2$O$_3$ㆍFe$_2$O$_3$ with calcium sulfate. The reaction between 4CaOㆍAl$_2$O$_3$ Fe$_2$O$_3$and CaSO$_4$ㆍ 2$H_2O$ decrease with increasing amount of Na$_2$Si$_2$O$_{5}$ in solution, owing to low hydraulic reactivity of 4CaOㆍAl$_2$O$_3$ㆍFe$_2$O$_3$by the adsorption of silicate ions on the surface of 4CaOㆍAl$_2$O$_3$ㆍ Fe$_2$O$_3$ particles. The dissolution rate of 4CaOㆍAl$_2$O$_3$ㆍ Fe$_2$O$_3$ particles deceased with the increase of the concentration of silicate ion in solution. When the 4CaOㆍAl$_2$O$_3$ㆍFe$_2$O$_3$ particles was hydrated in gypsum - Na$_2$Si$_2$O$_{5}$ solution, the hydration was retarded and the rate could not discriminate between formation of ettringite and that of monosulfate, and it stopped in high concentration of silicate ions. However, silicate ion did not any effect on the dissolution rate of gypsum.ypsum.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 국내산 함바나듐 티탄자철광으로부터 CaO 염배소 및 황산 침출을 통해 바나듐의 침출거동에 대해 고찰하였다. CaO의 첨가량 및 배소 온도에 따라 상의 변화를 살펴보았다. 배소 조건에 관계없이 Perovskite (CaTiO₃)가 형성되었으며, CaO 함량이 높아지면 Calcium ferrite (CaFeO_x) 상이 CaO 함량이 낮아지면 Hematite (Fe₂O₃)가 형성이 되었다. CaO 배소 후 1M 황산, 50℃, 고액비 10%에서 6시간 동안 침출을 진행하였다. 침출 결과 배소 시료의 형태가 소결일 경우 바나듐의 산화가 충분히 이루어지지 못해 침출률이 감소하였다. 또한 배소 온도가 낮으면 미 반응한 잔류 CaO의 영향으로 바나듐의 침출률이 감소하였다. 함바나듐 티탄자철광의 철과 티타늄의 침출률을 낮추기 위해서는 CaO의 첨가량을 최소화하여 CaTiO₃와 CaFeO_x의 형성을 억제할 필요가 있었다. 결과적으로 1150℃, 10 wt.% CaO 배소 산물을 침출하였을 때 86%의 바나듐, 4.3%의 철, 6.5%의 티타늄의 침출률을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.853-856
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• 2006

Dion-Jacobson phases $CsCa_2Nb_2FeO_9$ and $CsCa_2Nb_2AlO_9$ were reinvestigated by the Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). These nominal compounds, previously known as the oxygen-deficient layered perovskites with the sequences of $NbO_6-MO_4-NbO_6$ in tripled slab, in fact, were mixed phases of n = 3 Dion-Jacobson phases and impurities such as $Ca_2NbFeO_6$ and $Ca_3Al_2O_6$. The difference of morphology and chemical in-homogeneity between Dion-Jacobson phases and impurities could be clearly identified by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The chemical composition of $CsCa_2Nb_2FeO_9$ was calculated into $Cs_{0.59}Ca_{2.64}Nb_{2.92}Fe_{0.81}$ in small agglomerate crystals and $Cs_{0.95}Ca_{1.97}Nb_{3.08}Fe_{0.15}$ in long plate-like crystals.