• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.93-99
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• 1998

Effects of gas formers of MgCO$_3$, CaCO$_3$ and Li$_2$CO$_3$ on the spattering phenomena were investigated for non-shielded flux cored arc welding. Spattering phenomena were pictured using high speed camera as a speed of 3000 frames per sec. As experimental results, spattering modes were classified into 4 types. The modes were spattering by arc force, gas explosion, short circuit and pore escape. The amount of spatters by arc force was 30%, gas blowing force was 40%, short circuit 10%, pore escape was 10% and others were 10%. When Li$_2$CO$_3$ was added, the amount of spatters was largest, and it decreased in the order of CaCO$_3$ and MgCO$_3$.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1991

Ca2+ is implicated as a second messenger in coupling various stimuli such as hormone, gravity and light. The determine whether or not plant hormones mobilize calcium with different action, we investigated the cytosolic Ca2+ changes by IAA and zeatin in the protoplasts isolated from elongating mesocotyl of maize. IAA increased the influx of Ca2+ due to the calcium channel opening, which was confirmed by using verapamil, calcium channel blocker. On the other hand, zeatin increased the cytosolic Ca2+ by promoting the efflux of Ca2+ derived from cellular organelles. These results suggest that different calcium flux induced by IAA and zeatin plays a role in appropriate response resulting in increase of cell elongation or repression cell elongatoin.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2020

블랙 드로스는 알루미늄을 재활용하는 과정 중에 플럭스 사용에 의해 발생되는 짙은 회색의 드로스로서, NaCl, KCl, Al2O3, MgO 등이 포함되어 있다. 블랙 드로스는 용해(dissolution) 공정을 통하여 용해성 물질(NaCl, KCl)과 불용해성 물질(Al2O4, MgO)로 분리가 가능하다. 이중 용해성 물질의 경우 Salt flux로 재활용이 가능하며, Al2O3, MgO의 경우 합성 공정을 통하여 다양한 세라믹 소재로 업사이클링이 가능하다. 본 연구에서는 블랙 드로스로부터 회수한 Al2O3, MgO를 이용하여 Mayenite를 합성 하였으며, 배합 비율 및 반응 온도 조건에 따른 합성을 실시하였다. 블랙 드로스(spinel)와 CaCO3를 이용하여 Mayenite를 합성할 시 700 ℃에서 Mg0.4Al2.4O4, CaO로 변하며, 800 ℃ 이후부터 Ca12Al14O33(Mayenite)으로 변하는 것을 확인하였다. 배합 조건에는 CaCO3 함량이 증가함에 따라 Mayenite XRD 피크가 증가하며, Mg0.4Al2.4O4 XRD 피크는 감소하는 것을 확인하였다. 합성된 분말의 BET 분석 결과 Mayenite가 생성되는 과정에서 미세한 입자가 성장되고 응집됨에 따라 비표면적은 감소하는 거동을 보였다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2013

Four membranes were used to separate Chlorella sp. from their culture medium in cross-flow microfiltration (MF) experiments: cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose nitrate (CN), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF). It was found that the hydrophilic CA and CN membranes with a pore size of 1.2 ${\mu}m$ exhibited the best performances among all the membranes in terms of permeation flux. The hydrophobicity of each membrane material was determined by measuring the angle between the water (liquid) and membrane (solid). Contact angle measurements showed that deionized (DI) water had almost adsorbed onto the surfaces of the CA and CN membranes, which gave $0.00^{\circ}$ contact angle values. The PP and PVDF membranes were more hydrophobic, giving contact angle values of $95.97^{\circ}$ and $126.63^{\circ}$, respectively. Although the pure water flux increased with increasing pore diameter (0.8 < 1.2 < 3.0 ${\mu}m$) in hydrophilic CA and CN membranes, the best performance in term of filtration rate for filtering a microalgae suspension was attained by membranes with a pore size of 1.2 ${\mu}m$. The fouled membrane pore sizes and pore blocking were inspected using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). MF with large pore diameters was more sensitive to fouling that contributed to intermediate blocking, where the size of the membrane pores is almost equivalent to that of cells.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.110-114
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• 2000

We have investigated the Josephson vortex dynamics in $Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O{8+\delta}$ intrinsic Josephson junctions subjected to a magnetic field parallel to $CuO_2$ planes. We investigated mesas with $40\times40{\mu}m^2$ in size and containing 6 and 20. intrinsic junctions. The zero field I-V characteristics exhibited a typical hysteretic, multi-branched nature of the intrinsic Josephson effect. At high magnetic fields (H>1.5 T), I-V characteristics showed flux flow steps. The Swihart velocity obtained from this observation was about $4.2\times10^5$ m/s, which was the lowest mode electromagnetic wave velocity of N coupled stack. The experimental I-V curves fitted well into the simple model of Cherenkov radiation including Ohmic and non-linear dissipation terms. This suggests that the dissipation mechanism of Josephson vortex be due to both Cherenkov radiation and quasiparticle tunneling current.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.101-103
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• 2001

Suspension effect has been studied by using superconductor of BiPbSrCaCuO ceramics containing Ag$_2$O It has been cleared that Ag$_2$O acts as pinning center which plays an important role to the suspension effect. Magnetic repulsive force which affects a superconductor located in magnetic flux from toroidal magnet has been investigated. It has been concluded that the suspension effect arises from the interaction between the pinning effect and the diamagnetic effect.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전기물성,응용부문
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• pp.69-70
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• 2002

Suspension effect has been studied by using superconductor of BiPbSrCaCuO ceramics containing $Ag_2O$. It has been cleared that $Ag_2O$ acts as pinning center which plays an important role to the suspension effect. Magnetic repulsive force which affects a superconductor located in magnetic flux from toroidal magnet has been investigated. It has been concluded that the suspension effect arises from the interaction between the pinning effect and the diamagnetic effect.

• 시멘트 심포지엄
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• 20호
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• pp.80-87
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• 1992

• 청정기술
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.61-69
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 시멘트 산업에서 이용 가능한 무기질 산업폐기물의 발생현황 및 물성을 조사하여 시멘트원료, mineralizer/flux, 시멘트 혼합재, 특수시멘트 제조원료 등 용도별 재활용 방안을 결정하고 적용실험을 하였다. 산업폐기물의 시멘트 원료로의 이용에 있어, 철질원료 대체용으로는 Cu-slag, Zn-slag, 전기로 슬래그 및 전로 슬래그 등이, 규석질 원료의 대체용으로 폐주물사가 사용되었다. 제당회사에서 발생되는 $CaF_2$가 주성분인 폐소석회와 아연제련 공정에서 부산되는 폐기물인 jarosite를 mineralizer/flux로 사용하여 클린커의 소성온도를 약 $100{\sim}150^{\circ}C$ 낮출 수 있었다. 혼합재료의 이용에 있어, Cu-slag와 STS sludge를 혼합 첨가한 경우 시멘트 혼합재로서의 충분한 물성을 얻을 수 있었고, fly ash 및 석회석도 시멘트의 혼합재로 적당량 첨가함으로서 시멘트의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 특수 시멘트의 원료로의 이용에 있어서는, 알루미늄 폐슬러지를 원료로 속경성 클린커를 제조하고 이를 이용하여 2시간내에 $300kg/cm^2$강도를 발현하는 초속경 시멘트를 제조하였고, 두 종류의 도시쓰레기 소각회를 원료로 이용하여 $C_3S(3CaO{\cdot}SiO_2)$와 $C_{11}A_7{\cdot}CaCl_2(11CaO{\cdot}7Al_2O_3{\cdot}CaCl_2)$가 주요 광물인 시멘트를 제조할 수 있었다.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국초전도학회 1999년도 High Temperature Superconductivity Vol.IX
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• pp.178-184
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• 1999

We have measured I-V characteristics of Bi$_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_{8+{\delta}}$ mesa containing a small number of intrinsic stacked Josephson junctions in a magnetic field. We fabricated mesa with an area of 40${\times}$40 ${\mu}$m$^2$ containing 3${\sim}$20 intrinsic junctions. We applied magnetic field perpendicular to He CuO$_2$ planes up to 5T. We observed flux-flow branches and flux-flow steps in the I-V characteristics which might be due to collective motion of Josephson vortices in the long junction limit. In a parallel field, critical current I$_c$ varies as I$_c$(B) ${\sim}$ exp(-B/B$_0$), where B$_0$ is about 2T, which is consistent with the theoretical model. DC and AC intrinsic Josephson effects are also discussed.