• Title/Summary/Keyword: $Ca^{2+}$ 활성도

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Effects of Ijingtang fractions on activities of NaK ATPase and Ca ATPase in rat brain synaptosome (이진탕 분획엑스가 synaptosomal NaK ATPase와 Ca ATPase의 활성도에 미치는 영향)

  • Jo, Yeong-Uk;Han, Seung-Ho;Kim, Chang-Ju;Min, Byeong-Il;Lee, Tae-Hui;Yun, Sang-Hyeop;O, Su-Myeong
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.198-207
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    • 1997
  • To explore the action mechanism of Ijintang in the brain, the authors investigated the effects of Ijintang fractions on MgNaK ATPase and MgCa ATPase in rat brain synaptosomes prepared from cerebral cortex. The activities of MgNaK ATPase and MgCa ATPase were assayed by the level of inorganic phosphate liberated from the hydrolysis of ATP. Fraction WH-95-7 at the concentration of $10^{-2}%$ decreased the activity of MgNaK ATPase about 34.1% and also reduced the activity of MgCa ATPase about 49.3% But, other fractions (WB-95-7, WC-95-7, MB-95-7, MC-95-7, MH-95-7) did not significantly changed the activities of the MgNaK ATPase and MgCa ATPase The decreased activity of MgNaK ATPase by WH-95-7 will decrease the rate of $Ca^{2+}$ efflux, probably via an Na-Ca exchange mechanism and will increase the rate of $Ca^{2+}$ entry by the depolarization of nerve terminals. The reduced activity of MgCa ATPase by WH-95-7 will result in the decreased efflux of $Ca^{2+}$. As a conclusion, it can be speculated that lithium elevates the intrasynaptosomal $Ca^{2+}$ concentration via inhibition of the activities of MgNaK ATPase and MgCa ATPase. and this increased $[Ca^{2+}]i$ will cause the release of neurotransmitters.

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The Interaction of Nonionic Surfactant with Iodine in the Presence of $Ca^{2+}$ ($Ca^{2+}$ 존재하에서 비이온성 계면활성제와 요오드와의 상호작용)

  • Park Jeoung-Sun;Kwon Oh-Yun;Paek U-Hyon
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.36-42
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    • 1993
  • In the presence of $Ca^{2+}$ ion, the charge transfer (CT) interaction of nonionic surfactants, $nonylphenol-(ethylene oxide)_n\;[NP-(EO)_n; n = 11, 40, 100]$ with iodine in aqueous solution were investigated by UV-visible spectrophotometer. The characteristics of spectra depended on the concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ ion and the number of EO unit. Above CMC, the intensity of the CT band by the addition of $Ca^{2+}$ ion for the $NP-(EO)_{11}$ and $NP-(EO)_{40}$ increased and then decreased, while for the $NP-(EO)_{100}$ continuously increased. The increase in the intensity of CT band were attributed to the compactness of micelle in the presence of $Ca^{2+}$ ion. These phenomena may be explained by the fact that the linear ethylene oxide (EO) chain, to be free configuration in aqueous solution, could form a pseudo-crown ether structures capable of forming complexes with $Ca^{2+}$ ion.

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평지방막에 융합된 관상동맥의 $Ca^{2+}$ - activated $K^{+}$ 통로의 특성

  • 김희정;박진봉;류판동;이문한;임병용;홍기환
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 1994.04a
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    • pp.185-185
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    • 1994
  • 관상동맥은 전기적으로 자극하여도 활동전위가 쉽게 유발되지 않는 조직인데, 이는 세포내의 $Ca^{2+}$에 의해서 활성화되는 $K^{+}$통로때문이라고 여겨지고 있다. 저자들은 단일 이온통로 수준에서 이러한 관상동맥 $K^{+}$ 통로의 성질을 조사하고, 아울러 $K^{+}$ 통로 개방제를 포함한 몇가지 약물이 $K^{+}$ 통로에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 막소포는 돼지의 심장에서 관상동맥을 분리하여 균질화 및 원심분리하여 준비하였으며, sucrose 20/30%에 있는 층을 취하여 분주한 후 -7$0^{\circ}C$로 보관하여 사용하였다. 평지방막은 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl-phosphatidyl ethanolamine과 1-palmitoyl, 2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (4:1)을 n-decane에 녹인지방액(25mg/m1)을 200 $\mu\textrm{m}$의 구멍에 칠하여 만들었다. 단일 $K^{+}$ 통로는 막소포 (1-5$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml)를 평지방막의한쪽에 추가하고 자석으로 저어 융합이 되도록 하였으며, 통로의 활성은 막의 양쪽에 150 mM KCI, 10 mM HEPES-KOH, 0.5 mM EGTA, 0.6 mM $CaCl_2$ (pH 7.2)로 된용액이 존재하는 상태에서 막전압을 다르게 하며 기록하였다. 단일 이온 통로 전류는 amplifier를 통하여 VCR tape에 녹화하여 후에 분석에 이용하였으며, 동시에 종이기록지에 기록하였다. 단일이온통로 활성의 분석은 pClamp (Ver5.5)를 이용하여 수행하였다. 관상동맥에서 가장 흔히 기록되는 이온통로는 막전압과 $Ca^{2+}$의 농도에 의하여 변하는 $K^{+}$ 통로이었는데 pCa 4.0과 -10 mV에서 초기 활성도(Po)는 0.1에서 0.8까지 다양하였다. 전류와 전압과의 관계는 -60 - +60mV의 전압범위에서 직선형이었다.

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Effect of Ca Ion on the SCR Reaction over VOx/TiO2 (Ca 이온이 VOx/TiO2 SCR 반응에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Kim, Geo Jong;Hong, Sung Chang
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.165-170
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    • 2016
  • In this study, we investigated the cause of the decrease in activities of $VO_x/TiO_2$ SCR catalyst used for the burner reactor at a scale of $150000Nm^3/hr$ using X-ray diffraction (XRD), brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), atomic emission spectroscopy inductively coupled plasma (AES ICP), $H_2$ temperature programmed reduction ($H_2$-TPR), and $NH_3$ temperature programmed desorption ($NH_3$-TPD) analysis. Since the crystallization of the $VO_x$ and phase transition of $TiO_2$ did not occur, it was concluded that the catalyst was not deactivated by the thermal effect. In addition, from the elemental analysis showing that a large quantity of calcium was detected but not sulfur, the deactivation process of the $VO_x/TiO_2$ SCR catalyst was mainly caused by Ca but not by $SO_2$. The calcium was also found to decrease the catalytic activity by means of reducing $NH_3$ adsorption.

The Antioxidant and Anti-aging Effects of Treatment with Schisandra chinensis Seeds Fractions in UVB-irradiated Human HaCaT Cells (자외선 B에 유도된 사람유래 HaCaT cells에서의 오미자 종자 분획물의 항산화 및 항노화 효과)

  • Choi, Eun-Young;Sohn, Ho-Yong;Lee, Jin-Tae
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.29 no.10
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    • pp.1071-1079
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    • 2019
  • In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-aging activities of Schisandra chinensis seed fractions by adding them to UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells and analyzing the suppression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). An electron-donating assay, ABTS radical scavenging assay, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of S. chinensis seed (SCEAf) has scavenging activities. A collagenase inhibition activity assay showed that SCEAf had inhibitory effects of over 92.3% at $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. An MTT assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of SCEAf in HaCaT cells and the results showed that SCEAf increased cellular viability in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, SCEAf was found to increase the viability of cells irradiatged by UVB $50mJ/cm^2$. To examine the anti-aging effects of SCEAf on HaCaT cells irradiated with UVB $50mJ/cm^2$, the expression of MMP-1 and -3 was analyzed by Western blotting and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that MMP-1 and -3 proteins and mRNA levels were downregulated in a concentration-dependent manner in response to SCEAf. These results suggest that SCEAf can prevent aging and alleviate aging symptoms by inhibiting collagenase activity in skin keratinocytes damaged by UVB. Therefore, S. chinensis seeds may have the potential for use as functional ingredients with anti-aging effects in the cosmetic and food industries.

Comparative Assessment on Indicating Factor for Biomineralization by Bacillus Species (Bacillus종의 생광물화에 미치는 영향 인자의 비교 평가)

  • Seok, Hee-Jeong;Kim, Chang-Gyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.179-191
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    • 2013
  • This study was conducted to comparatively assess quantitative indicating factor for biomineralization characterizing $CO_2$ mineralization on three type of minerals (i.e., $CaCl_2$, $MgCl_2$, $CaCl_2-MgCl_2$) in an aqueous solution amended with Bacillus pasteurii or indigenous microorganisms for a S landfill cover soil. For given three types of minerals, $NH_4{^+}$ (urease activity) was released at the highest of 88 mg/L for $MgCl_2$, then 85 mg/L for $CaCl_2$, and the lowest of 42 mg/L for $CaCl_2-MgCl_2$. $CO_2$ gas in the head space was completely removed after 12, 12, and 24 hr for $CaCl_2$, $MgCl_2$ and $CaCl_2-MgCl_2$, respectively. $Ca^{2+}$ concentration in $CaCl_2$ solution was the quickest and the greatest decreased 92% for 12 hr whereas that in $CaCl_2-MgCl_2$ solution was lower at 85% for 36 hr. $Mg^{2+}$ concentration in $MgCl_2$ was more efficiently decreased at 46% for 48 hr than that of $CaCl_2-MgCl_2$ solution of 38.5% for 72 hr. Regardless of types of minerals or their concentration, pH was changed from 5.5 to 9 by biomineralization being progressed. Microbial activity ($OD_{600}$) was also changed from 0 to 0.6. SEM images indicated that spheroidal and trapezoid shape crystal were formed, which were identified as of $CaCO_3$ (Calcite) and $MgCO_3$ (Magnesite) by X-ray diffraction. In the long run, $NH_4{^+}$ (urease activity), $CO_2$ gas, $OD_{600}$, pH, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ would be suitable for reasonable indicating factor in order to assess the degree of biomineralization efficiency.

Immobilization of Microorganisms - Part 1. Preparation of Immobilized Lactobacillus bulgaricus - (미생물(微生物) 고정화(圖定化)에 관한 연구(硏究) - 제1보(第1報). Lactobacillus 균(菌)의 고정화조건(圖定化條件) -)

  • Lee, Kang-Heup
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.149-152
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    • 1981
  • The immobilization of Lactobacillus bulgaricus was investigated by various method, e.g. by use of polyacrylamide gel and Al-, Ca-, Fe- or Mg-alginate beads, and the most active immobilized cells were obtained by entrapment in a Ca-alginate beads. These immobilized microbial cells, when introduced into 4.5% lactose solution and whey solution showed maximum relative activity of 28% or lactose solution and 18% for whey solution as measured against the native microbial reference standard (100).

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The Effects of Physical States of Phospholipids on $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase Activity of Biological Membranes (지질의 물리학적 성상이 $Ca^{2+}$-ATPase 활성도에 미치는 영향)

  • Hah, Jong-Sik
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.163-177
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    • 1988
  • The $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was solubilized and reconstituted into a mixture of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) of varying ratios in order to assess the effect of physical states of phospholipids on the incorporation and functions $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$. On the basis of the spectral data of Ca-arsenazo III, the $Ca^{2+}$ uptake of SR was increased linearly as the PC content increased in the reconstituted vesicles. The ATP hydrolysis activity also increased as PC content increased up to 25% and then decreased slightly as the PC content further increased. On the other hand the incorporation of $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ into the reconstituted vesicls occured maximally at 25% PC and 75% PE mixture which is known to have a non-bilayer structure in reconstitution system. From the above results it is clear that preexisting defects in the lipid bilayer promote protein incorporation into the bilayer during reconstitution and lamellar structure of the bilayer facilitates the $Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ function.

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Characterization of Microsomal ATPases Prepared from Tomato Roots (토마토 뿌리조직에서 분리한 마이크로솜 이온펌프의 특성)

  • Cho, Kwang-Hyun;Sakong, Jung;Kim, Young-Kee
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.130-136
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    • 1998
  • Microsomes of tomato roots were prepared and the activities of microsomal ATPases were measured in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of various ion transports. The activities of plasma membrane $H^+-ATPase$ and vacuolar $H^+-ATPase$ were evaluated to ${\sim}30%$ and ${\sim}38%$ of total microsomal ATPase activity by using their specific inhibitor, vanadate and nitrate $(NO^-_3)$, respectively. The inhibitory effects of vanadate and $NO^-_3$ were additive and the simultaneous additions of these two inhibitors decreased the total activity up to $50{\sim}70%$. The microsomal ATPase activity was regulated key pH and the maximal activity was obtained at pH 7.4. The activity of microsomal ATPase was increased by $K^+$ up to ${\sim}30%$ at the concentration of $K^+$ above 10 mM. However, the $K^+-induced$ increase in the activity was completely inhibited by the simultaneous addition of $Na^+$. To identify the ATPase activity regulated by $K^+$, the effects of specific inhibitors were measured. Vanadate and $NO^-_3$ inhibited total ATPase activity by 27% and 32% in the absence, of $K^+$ and by 27% and 40% in the presence of 120 mM $K^+$, respectively. These results suggest that $K^+$ increases the activity of $NO^-_3-sensitive$ vacuolar $H^+-ATPase$ but not that of vanadate-sensitive plasma membrane $H^+-ATPase$ since vanadate has no effect on $K^+-induced$ increase in ATPase activity. The microsomal ATPase activity was also decreased by increasing $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. Interestingly, $NO^-_3$ blocked the $Ca^{2+}-induced$ inhibition of microsomal ATPase activity; however, vanadate had no effect. These results imply that vacuolar $H^+-ATPase$ is activated by $K^+$ and inhibited by $Ca^{2+}$.

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Catalytic activities and performance enhancement of Ni catalysts for CO2 reforming (이산화탄소 개질반응을 위한 니켈 촉매의 활성 및 성능향상)

  • Jun, So-Youn;Kim, Dong-Sun;Kim, Kweon-Ill
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.125-132
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    • 2003
  • Activity improvement of Ni metal catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming was studied using HY-zeolite as the main supporter. As the reaction temperature increased, $CH_4$ and $CO_2$ conversions increased, and conversions higher than 80% was obtained above $700^{\circ}C$. As the Ni loading increased, the catalyst activity increased, and the highest activity was shown for the Ni loading of 13wt%. The HY-zeolite support showed the highest intial conversions of $CH_4$ and $CO_2$, but it showed faster deactivation than a ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ support. Nevertheless, it maintained the $CH_4$conversion higher than 80% after 24 hr reaction. The effect of promoters such as Mg, Mn, K, and Ca was also studied. It was observed that the Mg promotor exhibited the highest catalyst activity and less deactivation compared with Mn, K and Ca. After 24hr reaction, The optimum Mg content was found to be 5wt%.

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