• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide the baseline data for conservation and management of Korean forest ecosystem by surveying and analyzing the vascular plants distributed from Gitdaebaegibong to Cheonghwasan in Baekdudaegan Mountains. The results are as follows. The numbers of vascular plants in the whole survey section were summarized as 771 taxa including 103 families, 379 genera, 623 species, 4 subspecies, 121 varieties and 23 forms. There were 377 taxa in A-section, 395 taxa in B-section, 278 taxa in C-section, 325 taxa in D-section, 534 taxa in E-section, and 406 taxa in F-section. The rare plants were 32 taxa including Megaleranthis saniculifolia, Rodgersia podophylla, Iris ensata var. spontanea, and Gastrodia elata. In IUCN Red List categories, there were 1 taxon of CR, EN, and DD each, 11 taxa of the VU, and 18 taxa of the LC. The Korean endemic plants were 26 taxa including Asarum versicolor, Clematis fusca var. coreana, Vicia chosenensis, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Carex okamotoi, and Luzula sudetica var. nipponica. The specific plants by floristic region were 143 taxa including 3 taxa of grade V, 12 taxa of grade IV, 41 taxa of grade III, 42 taxa of grade II, and 45 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were 41 taxa including Rumex crispus, Ailanthus altissima, Erechtites hieracifolia, Erigeron annuus, and Poa pratensis. The invasive alien plants were 4 taxa including Rumex acetocella, Sicyos angulatus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and Aster pilosus. The plants adaptable to climate change were 43 taxa including 14 taxa of endemic plants, 2 taxa of southern plants, and 27 taxa of northern plants.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.488-496
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• 2018

This study examined the Gangwon Province's current implementation of its elimination of invasive plants and explored a plan to effectively manage invasive plants. The percentage of the distribution of the plants was 39.6% for riverside areas, 23.3% for roadside areas, 12.4% for roadside & riverside areas, and 4.6% for areas around farm land and river banks. To ensure the systematic management of invasive plants, the current study suggests a) developing an invasive plants monitoring and management system; b) reinvigorating the participation of residents, private organizations, and military posts; c) planting of native replacement plants and the conversion of the locations as attractions, and d) nurturing the project for using invasive plants. For policy directions to be pursued based on the results of the study, the following are suggested: a) improving laws and systems regarding invasive plants, b) developing a cooperative system for managing invasive plants, c) implementing the training of civilian professionals, d) implementing the elimination of invasive plants, e) developing replacement plants for cities and counties, f) fostering industries that tap into invasive plants, and g) using the Han River Water System Management Fund for funding and greater efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 1998

Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) coat protein cDNA was transformed to Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC82 and the transgenic tobacco plants resistant to TMV infection were isolated in the next generation. The expression of TMV coat protein cDNA and genetic stability of the fifth generation of TMV resistant transgenic tobacco plants at the higher temperature were investigated. The TMV coat protein cDNA was amplified by genomic PCR in all the TMV resistant transgenic tobacco plants. The TMV coat protein expressed in the transgenic tobacco plants was detected at very low level by immunoblot hybridization. Even in tansgenic plants that showed the viral symptom only on very late sucker growth (delay type plants), the coat protein expression in the suckers was much less than that of susceptible tobacco infected with TMV. The TMV coat protein expressed in the transgenic tobacco plants was below 0.01% of total protein. Transcription and expression of the coat protein cDNA in delay type plants were observbed at high temperature (38$^{\circ}C$), and TMV replication was suppressed at both 28$^{\circ}C$ and 38$^{\circ}C$. This indicates that unlike the resistance conferred by 'N' gene. TMV resistance of transgenic tobacco plant won't break down at high temperature.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.266-271
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• 2007

The genomes of different allexiviruses were isolated and cloned from virus-infected garlic plants (Allium sativum), which were collected from farm fields in the southern provinces in Korea. The partial nucleotide sequences of the genomes from different allexiviruses were clearly identified in the virus-infected garlic plants. The cloned partial genomes of viruses in garlic plants showed a greater than 90% homology to previously identified allexiviruses and classified into species of GarV-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, and -X, demonstrating that species of allexivirus found in the other countries in the world are also widely distributed in the garlic plants in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.314-325
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• 2016

Multiple changes of the photosynthesis pathway are independent evolutionary events occurring in the phylogeny of flowering plants, and such changes have occurred more than five times in Cyperaceae. In the tribe Cypereae, the C4 photosynthetic pathway appeared only once and is regarded as a synapomorphy of the C4 plants within this tribe. The morphological delimitation of genera within Cypereae does not correspond to their molecular phylogenetic relationships. In this study, the molecular phylogeny was compared with the photosynthetic pathways of Korean Cypereae (18 species of Cyperus, 1 species of Kyllinga, and 1 species of Lipocarpha). The photosynthetic pathways were determined by observing the leaf anatomy. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using three DNA regions (nrITS, rbcL, and trnL-F). According to the position of the photosynthetic tissue, 4 species (C. difformis, C. flaccidus, C. haspan, and C. tenuispica) and 16 species (14 Cyperus species, K. brevifolia var. leiolepis, and L. microcephala) were confirmed as C3 and C4 plants, respectively. Tribe Cypereae was divided into the CYPERUS and FICINIA clades, and all species of Korean Cypereae plants belonged to the CYPERUS clade in the phylogenetic analysis. Within the CYPERUS clade, C4 plants were monophyletic but their phylogenetic relationships were unclear. The genera Kyllinga and Lipocarpha were not supported as an independent genus in either case because they were nested by the Cyperus species in the molecular phylogenetic trees in the present and in previous studies. To determine the classification within the CYPERUS clade, a detailed morphological study and a molecular phylogenetic analysis at a high resolution will be necessary.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.540-544
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• 2010

The nursery plant quality and flower bud induction of new strawberry cultivars, 'Maehyang' and 'Seolhyang' in forcing culture were evaluated in the highland and lowland region. In order to produce daughter plants, the new cultivars were grown in the open field located at both highland (Daekwallyung, above 800 m sea level) and lowland (Gangneung, above 20 m sea level) region, respectively. The average air temperature at highland during nursery plant propagation period was $5.3^{\circ}C$ lower than those at lowland. The number of daughter plants produced at lowland was 2 times as high as those of highland, presumably due to the higher air temperature. Anthracnose incidence rates of runner plants produced at lowland were 4 to 7% as high as those in highland. Mean temperature in the highland ($23.5^{\circ}C$) during flower bud differentiation treatment was $5.1^{\circ}C$ lower than that in the lowland ($28.6^{\circ}C$). Seedlings produced in highland showed higher C/N ratio and lower T/R ratio compared to those produced in lowland. The average flower bud formation date of the daughter plants grown in highland were advanced by 30 days compared to the date in lowland. Accordingly, highland was supposed to be appropriate region for raising seedlings in forcing culture of the new strawberry cultivars of 'Maehyang' and 'Seolhyang'.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.476-480
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• 1999

This study was carried out to determine the optimum storage temperatures of six fruit nurseries ('Fuji' apple, 'Niitaka' pear, 'Sheridan' grape, 'Yumyoung' peach, 'Fuyu' persimmon, and 'Hayward' kiwifruit) from 1995 to 1997. Nursery plants were planted in field after storage at -5, 0, and $5^{\circ}C$ for one year. Nurseries stored at $0^{\circ}C$ showed highest survival rate and growth after planting. The survival rate of 'Sheridan' grape and 'Hayward' kiwifruit nursery plants stored at $-5^{\circ}C$ was 0%. Cold resistance of the two fruit nursery plants appeared weaker than others. Also, 'Niitaka' pear nursery plants stored at $5^{\circ}C$ showed significantly high survival rate and growth after planting. The higher storage temperature, the lower mineral and carbohydrate contents of nursery plants. Therefore, $0{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ in 'Niitaka' pear and near $0^{\circ}C$ in other five fruit nursery stocks were found to be the optimum storage temperatures.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.512-524
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• 2024

Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression by binding to DNA. The NAC gene family in plants consists of crucial TFs that influence plant development and stress responses. The whole genome of Capsicum annuum shows over 100 NAC genes (CaNAC). Functional characteristics of the most CaNAC TFs are unknown. In this study, we identified CaNAC4, a novel NAC TF in C. annuum. CaNAC4 expression increased after inoculation with the pathogens, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria race 3 and X. axonopodis pv. glycines 8ra, and following treatment with the plant hormones, salicylic acid and abscisic acid. We investigated the functional characteristics of the CaNAC4 gene and its roles in salt tolerance and anti-pathogen defense in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana. For salt stress analysis, the leaf discs of wild-type and CaNAC4-transgenic N. benthamiana plants were exposed to different concentrations of sodium chloride. Chlorophyll loss was more severe in salt stress-treated wild-type plants than in CaNAC4-transgenic plants. To analyze the role of CaNAC4 in anti-pathogen defense, a spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea was used to infect the leaves. The disease caused by B. cinerea gradually increased in severity, and the symptoms were clearer in the CaNAC4-transgenic lines. We also investigated hypersensitive response (HR) in CaNAC4-transgenic plants. The results showed a stronger HR in wild-type plants after infiltration with the apoptosis regulator, BAX. In conclusion, our results suggest that CaNAC4 may enhance salt tolerance and act as a negative regulator of biotic stress in plants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2013

An AlaAT knock-out mutant (alaat) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was isolated from T-DNA tagging lines and the genotypes of its progeny were determined with AlaAT1-specific primers. The alaat phenotypes showed decreased growth and grain yield when compared with control plants. The activity of AlaAT1 in the mutant plants was practically undetectable. The responses of alaat plants to growth under salt stress were compared with those of control plants by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence and the activities and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes. All abiotic stresses tested (salt, drought, and chilling) caused a similar decrease in chlorophyll fluorescence in both alaat and wild type plants. The activity of peroxidase (POX), an antioxidant enzyme, decreased following salt treatment of alaat plants, while control plant showed an increased activity. The mRNA levels for cAPX (cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase), POX2, and AlaAT were determined by RT-PCR following salt stress. No AlaAT1 mRNA was detected in alaat plants. The POX2 mRNA showed a slightly increased level in the wild type but was not detected in alaat plants, in agreement with the activity assays. The levels of cAPX mRNA were greatly increased in both the wild type and alaat plants. The salt stress effects on rice plant growth are therefore proposed to reflect a loss of function of AlaAT, which alters the activity and synthesis of antioxidant enzymes (especially peroxidases), rather than a direct effect on photosynthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2012

The vascular plants in Bukhansan Dulegil, Jingwan-dong Wetland and Bukhan-dong Cheolgeoji were listed 432 taxa (8.9% of all 4,881 taxa of vascular plants); 95 families, 274 genera, 345 species, 2 subspecies, 69 varieties and 16 forms. Divided into woody plants were 145 taxa (33.6%) and herbaceous plants were 287 taxa (66.4%). The Bukhansan Dulegil were listed (Myeongsang-gil 159 taxa, Huingureum-gil 227 taxa, Wooyiryeong-gil 216 taxa, Banghakdong-gil 139 taxa, Boru-gil 199 taxa), Jingwan-dong Wetland were listed 147 taxa and Bukhan-dong Cheolgeoji were listed 129 taxa. Based on the list of rare plants by Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum were Viola albida Palibin (Violaceae), Iris minutiaurea Makino (Iridaceae) and Korea National Arboretum were endemic plants, Philadelphus schrenkii Rupr. var. schrenkii (Saxifragaceae), Weigela subsessilis L.H. Bailey (Caprifoliaceae). Based on the list of floristic regional indicator plants by Korean Ministry of Environment were total 22 taxa; Wisteria floribunda DC. for. floribunda in class IV, 3 taxa (Betula davurica Pall., Mukdenia rossii Koidz., Glechoma grandis Kuprian., etc.) in class III, 5 taxa (Acer triflorum Kom., Viola orientalis W. Becker, Heloniopsis koreana Fuse & Al., etc.) in class II and 13 taxa (Camptosorus sibiricus Rupr., Clematis patens C. Morren & Decne., Cirsium pendulum Fisch. ex DC., etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 16 families, 35 genera, 37 species, 3 varieties, 1 form, total 41 taxa (Rumex crispus L., Abutilon theophrasti Medicus, Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. etc.), naturalization rate was 9.5% of all 432 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index was 13.3% of all 309 taxa of naturalized plants. Ecosystem disturbing wild plants were 5 taxa; Rumex acetocella L., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Ambrosia trifida L. var. trifida, Eupatorium rugosum Houtt., Aster pilosus Willd.