• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2011

This study describes an efficient protocol for Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of two subgroups of genotype AAA bananas (Musa acuminata cv. Pei Chiao and Musa acuminata cv. Gros Michel). Instead of using suspension cells, cauliflower-like bud clumps, also known as multiple bud clumps (MBC), were induced from sucker buds on MS medium containing $N^6$-Benzylaminopurine (BA), Thidiazuron (TDZ), and Paclobutrazol (PP333). Bud slices were co-cultivated with A. tumefaciens C58C1 or EHA105 that carry a plasmid containing Arabidopsis root-type ferredoxin gene (Atfd3) and a plant ferredoxin-like protein (pflp) gene, respectively. These two strains showed differences in transformation efficiency. The EHA105 strain was more sensitive in Pei Chiao, 51.3% bud slices were pflp-transformed, and 12.6% slices were Atfd3-transformed. Gros Michel was susceptible to C58C1 and the transformation efficiency is 4.4% for pflp and 13.1% for Atfd3. Additionally, gene integration of the putative pflp was confirmed by Southern blot. Resulting from the pathogen inoculation assay, we found that the pflp transgenic banana exhibited resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4. This protocol is highly advantageous to banana cultivars that have difficulties in setting up suspension cultures for the purpose of quality improvement through genetic transformation. In addition, this protocol would save at least 6 months in obtaining explants for transformation and reduce labor for weekly subculture in embryogenic cell suspension culture systems.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1606-1614
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• 2023

Biochemical gut metabolism of dietary bioactive compounds is of great significance in elucidating health-related issues at the molecular level. In this study, a human gut bacterium cleaving C-C glycosidic bond was screened from puerarin conversion to daidzein, and a new, gram-positive C-glycoside-deglycosylating strain, Dorea sp. MRG-IFC3, was isolated from human fecal sample under anaerobic conditions. Though MRG-IFC3 biotransformed isoflavone C-glycoside, it could not metabolize other C-glycosides, such as vitexin, bergenin, and aloin. As evident from the production of the corresponding aglycons from various 7-O-glucosides, MRG-IFC3 strain also showed 7-O-glycoside cleavage activity; however, flavone 3-O-glucoside icariside II was not metabolized. In addition, for mechanism study, C-glycosyl bond cleavage of puerarin by MRG-IFC3 strain was performed in D₂O GAM medium. The complete deuterium enrichment on C-8 position of daidzein was confirmed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and the result clearly proved for the first time that daidzein is produced from puerarin. Two possible reaction intermediates, the quinoids and 8-dehydrodaidzein anion, were proposed for the production of daidzein-8d. These results will provide the basis for the mechanism study of stable C-glycosidic bond cleavage at the molecular level.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.337-350
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• 2009

식물계절 시기의 변화는 지역의 기후변화를 파악하는 데 중요한 지표이며, 지구온난화로 인한 기온상승의 영향이 뚜렷하게 반영된다. 본 연구에서는 식물계절 관측 자료를 이용하여 식물계절 시기의 변화 경향 및 식물계절 시기의 변화와 기온변화의 관계를 분석하였다. 봄철의 발아와 개화시기는 -0.7${\sim}$-2.7일/10년의 변화율로 앞당겨지는 경향인 반면 가을철 단풍절정시기는 3.7${\sim}$4.2일/10년의 변화율로 늦어지는 추세이다. 한반도의 봄철 식물계절 시기는 2월에서 3월 평균기온과 높은 상관관계가 있으며, 2월에서 3월 동안의 평균기온이 $1^{\circ}C$ 상승함에 따라 봄철 식물계절은 3.8일씩 앞당겨지는 경향이다. 가을철 식물계절 시기는 10월 평균기온과 상관관계가 높고 10월 평균기온이 $1^{\circ}C$ 상승함에 따라 3.1일씩 늦어지는 추세이다.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.22-30
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• 1986

흰가루병에 대하여 감수성인 봄보리품종 Peruvian과 성체식물 저항성품종 Asse의 4엽기에서 흰가루병에 감염되었을 때 $^{14}CO_2$동화와 $^{14}C-$동화산물의 대사변화를 연구하였다. 건전식물에서는 Peruvian과 Asse간에 $^{14}CO_2$동화와 $^{14}C-$동화산물 대사에서 차이가 어 없었다. 감염된 엽수가 늘어남에 다라 이들 두 품종에서 $^{14}CO_2$ 동화와 동화산물의 이행량은 감소하였다. 감염정도가 같을때도 Asse보다 Peruvian에서 $^{14}CO_2$동화가 더 감소되었다. 흰가루병이 감염되지 않은 제4엽에서도 $^{14}CO_2$고장이 줄어들었고, Peruvian에서 더 줄었다. 아래 3엽이 감염되었을 때 감염되어 있지 않는 상위 제4엽에서 fructose, glucose등의 탄수화물로 $^{14}C$가 결합되는 것을 억제하였고 Asse보다 Peruvian에서 억제가 더 컸다. 감염된 제3엽에서도 탄수화물내에 $^{14}C$이 줄어들었으나 Peruvian에서 $^{14}C$로 표식된 fructose, glucose함량이 더 높았다. 모든 식물기관에 $^{14}C$-유기산합성이 촉진되었고 Asse보다 Peruvian에서 합성이 더 뚜렷하였다. 감염된 제3엽이나 건전제4엽에서 $^{14}C$이 아미노산으로 결합되는 것이 증가하였으나 엽초로 이동은 감소되었다. 이들 잎에서 어떤 $^{14}C$-아미노산은 Asse보다 Peruvian에 더 많이 축적되었다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2000

생열귀나무의 번식에 관한 연구로 개갑처리와 GA$_3$의 처리에 따른 발아율 향상에 대한 실험 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 생열귀나무의 과실의 길이는 13cm, 폭은 0.9cm 였으며, 과실내의 종자수는 89개였다. 종자의 길이는 4.9mm, 폭은 2.87mm였으며 천립중은 7.76g이었다. 자연매장 보다는 15$^{\circ}C$ incubator에서 층적저장한 것이 개갑율 10.5%로 높았고 또한 4$^{\circ}C$ 저온저장후 개갑율도 46.6%로 가장 양호하였다. 2.개갑된 종자의 발아율이 비개갑된 종자에서는 보다 우세하였으며 최적 발아온도는 15$^{\circ}C$임을 알수 있었다. 개갑된 종자에서의 GA3의 효과는 농도처리에 따라 커다란 효과를 보이지 않았으며 개갑된 종자와 비개갑된 종자 모두 200ppm 이상으로 처리하면 오히려 발아율이 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 3. GA$_3$의 처리의 효과가 발아적온이나 개갑종류에 따라 뚜렷하지 않은 반면 비성숙된 종자의 상태(비개갑종자)와 발아 불량조건(4$^{\circ}C$, 비개갑종자)에서는 뚜렷이 나타났다.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유가공기술과학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 제55회 추계심포지움 - 전환기 유가공 산업의 생존전략
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• pp.23-40
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the quality changes of the UHT(ultra-high temperature), LTLT(law temperature long time) and HTST(high temperature short time) treated milk samples by storage conditions for 6 months from August 2000 to February 2001. The UHT treated milk samples collected from 3 plants(A, B and C) were stored at l0$^{\circ}$C and room temperature(dark and light exposure) for 6 months, and the LTLT and HTST treated milk samples(D and E) were also stored for 30 days. The UHT pasteurized milk of A, B and C plant was treated at 130$^{\circ}$C for 2-3s, 133$^{\circ}$C for 2-3s and 135$^{\circ}$C for 4s, respectively. The UHT sterilized milk of A and B plant was treated at 140$^{\circ}$C for 2-3s and 145$^{\circ}$C for 3-4s, respectively. The LTLT milk of D plant was treated at 63$^{\circ}$C for 30 mins, and the HTST milk of E plant was treated at 72$^{\circ}$C for 15s. All of the raw milk samples collected from storage tank in 5 milk plants were showed less than 4.0 X 10$^5$cfu/ml in standard plate count, and normal level in acidity, specific gravity, and component of milk. Preservatives, antibiotics, sulfonamides and available chloride were not detected in both raw and heat treated milk samples obtained from 5 plants. One(10%) of 10 UHT pasteurized milk samples obtained from B plant and 2 (20%) of 10 from C were not detected in bacterial count after storage at 37$^{\circ}$C for 14 days, but all of the 10 milk samples from A were detected. No coliforms were detected in all samples tested. No bacteria were also detected in carton, polyethylene and tetra packs collected from the milk plants. A total of 300 UHT pasteurized milk samples collected from 3 plants were stored at room(3$^{\circ}$C ${\sim}$ 30$^{\circ}$C) for 3 and 6 months, 11.3%(34/300) were kept normal in sensory test, and 10.7%(32/300)were negative in bacterial count. The UHT pasteurized milk from A deteriorated faster than the UHT pasteurized milk from B and C. The bacterial counts in the UHT pasteurized milk samples stored at 10$^{\circ}$C were kept less than standard limit(2 ${\times}$ 10$^4$ cfu/ml) of bacteria for 5 days, and bacterial counts in some milk samples were a slightly increased more than the standard limit as time elapsed for 6 months. When the milk samples were stored at room(3$^{\circ}$C ${\sim}$ 30$^{\circ}$C), the bacterial counts in most of the milk samples from A plant were more than the standard limit after 3 days of storage, but in the 20%${\sim}$30%(4${\sim}$6/20) of the milk samples from B and C were less than the standard limit after 6 months of storage. The bacterial counts in the LTLT and HTST pasteurized milk samples were about 4.0 ${\times}$ 10$^3$ and 1.5 ${\times}$ 101CFU/ml at the production day, respectively. The bacterial counts in the samples were rapidly increased to more than 10$^7$ CFU/ml at room temperature(12$^{\circ}$C ${\sim}$ 30$^{\circ}$C) for 3 days, but were kept less than 2 ${\times}$ 10$^3$ CFU/ml at refrigerator(l0$^{\circ}$C) for 7 days of storage. The sensory quality and acidity of pasteurized milk were gradually changed in proportion to bacterial counts during storage at room temperature and 10$^{\circ}$C for 30 days or 6 months. The standard limit of bacteria in whole market milk was more sensitive than those of sensory and chemical test as standards to determine the unaccepted milk. No significant correlation was found in keeping quality of the milk samples between dark and light exposure at room for 30 days or 6 months. The compositions of fat, solids not fat, protein and lactose in milk samples were not significantly changed according to the storage conditions and time for 30 days or 6 months. The UHT sterilized milk samples(A plant ; 20 samples, B plant ; 110 samples) collected from 2 plants were not changed sensory, chemical and microbiological quality by storage conditions for 6 months, but only one sample from B was detected the bacteria after 60 days of storage. The shelflife of UHT pasteurized milk in this study was a little longer than that reported by previous surveys. Although the shelflife of UHT pasteurized milk made a significant difference among three milk plants, the results indicated that some UHT pasteurized milk in polyethylene coated carton pack could be stored at room temperature for 6 months. The LTLT and HTST pasteurized milk should be sanitarily handled, kept and transported under refrigerated condition(below 7$^{\circ}$C) in order to supply wholesome milk to consumers.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 1994

대관령 지역에서 Tall fescue 9개 품종을 공시하여 가을철 예취시기에 따른 2번초의 수량구성 요소와 개체중의 변화를 검토하여 이 지역의 환경조건에 적응성이 높은 품종을 선발하여고 하였으며, 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 2번초에서 개체당 경수가 많은 품종(Barcel, Forager)이 개체중도 무거워서 이지역의 환경조건에 적응성이 높은 품종이라고 생각되었다. 2. 가을철 예취시기에 따른 2번초의 개체당 경수는 개체중과 0.1%의 유의한 정상관을 나타냈으나 1경중은 유의한 상관이 인정되지 않았다. 3. 2번초의 편균 개체중이 최대에 도달하는 가을철 예취시기는 $C_3$(10월28일)으로 추정되었다. 4. 2번초의 평균 개체중은 1번초의 평균 개체중과 반비례적인 관계를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.11-17
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• 1974

The present investigation dealt with observation and experiments concerning the growth and differentiation of hop plant, using the varieties of Cascade(C), Shinshuwase(Sh), and Hallertau(H). The results were as follows: (1) Life cycle of hop plants. The annual growth period of hop plant was devided chiefly into 3 phases, dormant, vegetative and reproductive. (2) Growth of main stem. The hop vine begun to grow in the middle of May and grow vigorousely in the middle and latter of June, then gradually decline or stops at the middle of July and the early of August. (3) Growth of lateral vines. By the statistical analysis, it is judged that the varieties of H and Sh were more grown than that of C. H and Sh were not significant, but H and Sh from C were significant in 5% level. (4) Fresh weight and water content of hop cone. Hop cone in fresh weight of C variety was higher than those of other two varieties and water content of hop cone was decreased with time elapse in three races together. (5) Growing point. Histological view of hop varities in each was different. C showed form of sweet potato, H showed form of round, and Sh showed form of ellipse. (6) Shape of the leaf. C and H were 3 lobes, but Sh is 3∼5 lobes. Generally, the color is dark green. (7) Hop cones. Hop cones are as follows.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 1968

Present investigation was carried out in order to make clear the fertility, morphological characters, and chromosome numbers of interspecific hybrids of Chrysanthemum Zauadskii, C. indicum, and C. lavandulaefolium. 1. Hybrids were not self-pollinated. When sib-crossed the fertility was 1.3~19.3%. 2. F2 individuals were variable in their morphological Characters. 3. Chromosome numbers of three putative parents were different from those reported previously: C. zawadskii 2n=36, C. indicum 2n=20, C. lavandulaefolium 2n=16, $C. indicum{\times}C. zawadskii 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-1 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-2 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-3 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-4 2n=28, C. zawadskii{\times}C. indicum-5 2n=28, C. zawadskii {\times}C. lavandulaefolium-1 2n=26, C. zawadskii{\times}C. lavandulaefolium-2 2n=26.$

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.240-246
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• 1998

A cDNA encoding desiccation-related protein was isolated from a flower bud cDNA library of Chinese cabbage (C-DH) and its nucleotide sequence was characterized. It contains 679 bp nucleotides with 501 bp open reading frame. The amino acid sequence of the putative protein showed the highest amino acid sequence homology (79 % identity) to dehydrin protein in Gossypium hirsutum. Also, the C-DH shares 48-52% amino acid sequence identity with the other typical dehydrin proteins in plant cells. When the amino acid sequence of their proteins were aligned, several peptide motifs were well conserved, of which function has to be solved. Particularly the C-DH contains 15 additional amino acids at its N-terminus. Genomic Southern blot analysis using the coding region of C-DH showed that the C-DH consists of a single copy gene in Chinese cabbage genome. The C-DH mRNA, whose transcript size is 0.7 kb, was expressed with a tissue-specific manner. It was highly expressed in seed, flower buds and low expression as detected in root, stem or leaf tissues of Chinese cabbage. And the transcript level of C-DH was significantly induced by the treatment of plant hormone, abscisic acid and water-deficit conditions.