• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1634-1641
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• 2005

Generally, dietary fibre (DF) includes lignin, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and resistant starch (RS). In monogastric species, low levels of dietary fibre in the diet are associated with various diseases and high levels reduce nutrient digestibilities. In this study, the effects of different types and levels of NSP (soluble: $\beta$-glucan, insoluble cellulose) and resistant starch on mucin secretion and endogenous nitrogen and amino acid losses in pigs were investigated. A total of 25 five-week-old weaner pigs (9.5 kg${\pm}$1.5 kg), were randomly allocated to each of five experimental diets. Different levels of purified barley $\beta$-glucan (BG) extract (5 or 10% of $Glucagel^{(R)}$ $\beta$-glucan, providing 4 or 8% of BG in the diet), and resistant starch (RS) (8.3 or 16.6% of Hi-$Maize^{TM}$, providing 5 or 10% RS in the diet) were substituted for wheat starch in a purified diet in which enzymatically-hydrolysed casein was the sole source of protein. The diets were fed for 21 days. No statistically significant difference between treatments (p>0.05) was observed for growth performance and organs weights. No difference in ileal starch digestibility was observed between pigs on the cellulose or $\beta$-glucan diets. However, as the level of resistant starch in the diet increased the ileal starch digestibility decreased (p<0.05). The inclusion of resistant starch in the diet (5 or 10%) did not increase mucin production when compared with the cellulose-only diet. However, as the level of beta-glucan in the diet increased, both crude mucin in the digesta dry matter and per kg dry matter intake increased (p<0.05). Pigs fed the diet containing 8% of beta-glucan had higher endogenous loss flow than those fed the diets including 5 or 10% of resistant starch or 4% of $\beta$-glucan. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of resistant starch increased the level of starch reaching the large intestine without any effect on mucin secretion, or endogenous nitrogen or amino acid losses content in the small intestine. The addition of $\beta$-glucan to a diet containing cellulose increases both mucin secretion and endogenous amino acid and nitrogen losses in the small intestine.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.325-332
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• 1985

우리나라의 전통적인 수산발효식품인 젓갈을 식염농도를 낮추어 저장성이 있으면서도 풍미에 손색이 없고 또한 기호에 맞는 저식염젓갈을 가공하기 위한 일련의 연구로서, KCI을 $50\%$ 까지 대체하여 식염농도를 $4\%$ 까지 낮추어 제조한 저식염멸치젓과 조기젓 숙성중의 정미성분의 변화를 분석한 결과를 요약하면, 완숙기(숙성 60일경)의 멸치젓에서 양적으로 많은 유리아미노산은 lysine, alainne, leucine, valine, isoleucine, histidine, threonine 및 glycine 등 8종이었고, 조기젓(숙성 90일경)에서는 lysine, leucine, alanine, valine, threonine, isoleucine, glutamic acid 및 methionine 등 8종이었다. 그리고 멸치젓 및 조기젓 엑스분질소에 대한 유리아미노산질소의 비율은 각각 $57\%$ 및 $41\%$ 범위였으며, 저식염젓갈과 재래식젓갈제품 상호간의 차이는 없었다. 핵산관련물질은 멸치첫, 조기젓 모두 hypoxanthine이 대부분을 차지하였다. 또한 완숙기의 멸치젓 엑스분질소에 대한 총 creatinine질소의 비율은 $5.5{\sim}6.2\%$범위였고, 조기젓에서는 $8\%$ 범위였다. 결론적으로 저식염젓갈은 어종에 관계없이 재래식으로 담근 젓갈에 비해 별 손색이 없었으며 멸치젓 및 조기젓 정미성분의 주체는 유리아미노산이었고 핵산관련물질과 총 creatinine이 보조적인 구실을 하는 것으로 생각되었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.963-971
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• 2022

Production of high-quality horses is important to make the horse industry grow. Grazing during the growing period can be an important factor affecting the production of high-quality horses. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of grazing on growing horses by analyzing their blood components and intestinal microbiota. Twelve growing horses for evaluating blood components and ten growing horses for evaluating intestinal microbiota were raised for about seven months and separated by two treatments: grazing vs. stable. Complete blood count, blood chemistry, and creatine kinase levels were analyzed as blood components and a 16s rRNA gene sequence analysis was performed to analyze intestinal microbiota. Calcium ions tended to be lower in the group with grazing treatment. Alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase tended to be higher in the group with grazing treatment. These results indicate that grazing can provide horses with more exercise than staying in stables. At the phylum level, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios in grazing and stable groups were 4.2 and 6.5, respectively. Because various studies have reported that a. high Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio indicates obesity, the method of raising horses might affect their physical ability. At the species level, rates of Clostridium butyricum in grazing and stable groups were 3.2% and 13.1%, respectively. Some strains of C. butyricum can cause several diseases such as botulism. These results indicate that grazing can positively affect growing horses in terms of blood components and intestinal microbiota. Moreover, grazing can be helpful to make growing horses healthy through proper exercise.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.289-292
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• 2018

석유로 오염된 사우디아라비아의 바다 모래에 pyrene을 영양물로 첨가하는 집식배양을 통해 우점하는 박테리아 균주 10PY1A가 분리되었다. 이 균주는 16S rRNA 유전자 분석을 통해 Idiomarina piscisalsi로 동정되었다. 이 균주는 G + C 비율이 47.4%이며 2.69 Mbp 크기의 원형 염색체를 보유하고 있으며, 해당 염색체는 다환방향족탄화수소 분해와 관련 있는 유전자를 포함한 2,346개의 단백질 코딩 유전자로 구성되어 있다. 이는 이 균주가 석유로 오염된 해양과 토양에서 방향족탄화수소를 분해하는 데 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2024

친환경적인 플라스틱 분해를 위한 연구의 한 종류로 버섯균을 활용한 플라스틱 분해 유도를 위해 본 실험을 진행하였다. 본 실험에서는 주변에서 구하기 쉽고 인체에 유해할 가능성이 낮은 식용 버섯을 활용하여 인체 안정성을 더한 플라스틱 분해 기술을 개발하고자 하였으며 31 종의 버섯균들을 대상으로 플라스틱 PE, PS, PET 필름에 대한 분해 효과를 관찰하였다. 본 연구과정에서 4종의 버섯(종이비늘버섯, 영지버섯, 갈색먹물버섯, 느타리)에 의한 플라스틱 분해 효과를 관찰하였으며, 진균과의 교차 배양을 통해 플라스틱 분해 효과를 촉진시킬 수 있는지를 확인하였다. 해당 확인 과정에서 PS에 대한 분해 효과가 가장 높게 나타났으며 이는 진균 Asp. nidulans의 작용에 의한 것이었다. 그러나 Asp.nidulans가 가진 유해성 (Henriet et al., 2012)으로 인해 인체에 무해한 식용버섯균의 활용이 필요하다고 판단되며 비록 버섯균만을 활용한 분해 결과는 저조하나 진균과 버섯균을 교차 배양한 분해 효과는 Asp. nidulans에 의한 분해 효과에 근접하다고 볼 수 있다. 또한 PET에 대해서는 오히려 PT_2822_nig의 사례와 같이 교차 배양한 샘플이 더 높은 수치의 플라스틱 분해 효과를 보였다. 비록 두 실험 결과값들이 유의성을 보이지 못해 추가적인 보완실험이 요구되고 있으나 해당 실험을 통해 버섯균을 활용한 플라스틱 분해 유도 또한 세균, 진균, 밀웜 등을 활용한 분해 유도 과정과 비교하여 경쟁성을 보이고 있다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.475-485
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• 2001

The presence of airborne particles in the earth atmosphere expert important controls on the global climate because of their effects on the radiative balance. However, there are major uncertainties associated with the direct and indirect radiative effects of aerosols. In addition, their physicochemical properties cannot only the decline of air quality but also damage human health. Airborne particles were collected by two different commercial air samples, high volume sampler(for TSP) and low volume sampler(for P $M_{10}$ ) at the campus of Kunsan National University during February to September, 2000. In most cases, TSP and P $M_{10}$ were sampled once a week for the duration of 24 hours from 9:00 a.m. In addition samples were collected more intenisve, when the yellow dust was expected. Each sample was analyzed for pH and major ions concentration (C $l^{[-10]}$ , S $O_4$$^{2-}$, N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ , N $a^{+}$, N $H_4$$^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$) by ion chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Acidity (pH) of TSP and P $M_{10}$ ranged from 5.09 to 8.51 and from 6.22 to 7.54, respectively. The concentrations of airborne particles were found to satisfy both the short and long-term air quality standards during the sampling period. If the ratio of ionic concentrations originating from None sea salt(Nss) to sea salt(ss) in aerosol samples was concerned, it was found that the ionic concentrations from marine environment contributed dominantly in total mass concentration in the airborne particles. When seasonal trends were examined, the TSP concentrations in spring were higher than those of other seasons. It may result form frequent occurrences of yellow dust and during the spring season. The concentration ratio of P $M_{10}$ to TSP ranged from 0.78 to 1 during the sampling period. pH in the airborne particle was highest during spring, but the other seasons maintained almost same level. These results suggest that alkaline species in yellow dust can directly neutralize aerosol acidity. During spring season, yellow dust could be a positive factor that can defer the acidification of surface soil and water by neutralizing acidic aerosols in the atmosphere.osphere.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.203-203
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• 2017

The Earth's climate is rapidly changing because of increasing carbon dioxide content in atmosphere so, climate prediction models anticipate that earth surface temperature will rise by 3 to $5^{\circ}C$ in next 50 to 100 years. Therefore, frequency of un-expected weather events such as drought, salinity, low or high temperature and flooding etc. will be increasing worldwide. Furthermore, increased atmosphere temperature can influence pests and pathogens spread as well. Therefore, to protect enormous grain loss from unexpected weather conditions, studies related with combine stress conditions like abiotic plus biotic stress condition are really required. Thus, our research focused on physiological responses under combined abiotic and biotic stress condition in rice plant. To induce uniform stress condition, we used NaCl (100 mM) and salicylic acid (0.5 and 1.0 mM SA) as each stress a stimulator. Each artificial abiotic and biotic stress inducer was applied to hydroponically grown rice seedlings alone or together for four day. The data were collected in a time-dependent manner [1, 2, 3 and 4 day(s) after treatment (DAT)] and were matched with our anticipation that shoot length and shoot fresh weight was decreased in solo and combined abiotic and biotic stress condition. The lipid peroxidation content was significantly increased ($1.5{\pm}0.2$ to $2.7{\pm}0.1mg$ mg of $MDA\;g^{-1}FW$) in the first two days in both stress exposed plants, and showed the opposite trend ($0.5{\pm}0.01$ to $0.1{\pm}0.001mg$ of $MDA\;g^{-1}FW$) in last two days under multi stress condition. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity did not showed difference in only biotic stress condition (alone 0.5 and 1.0 mM SA) as compared to control however, it was significantly increased in multi stress condition or solo abiotic stress condition whereas, catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were significantly decreased in solo biotic and combined abiotic and biotic condition. In particular, both enzymes activities were more decreased in multi stress condition as compared to solo biotic stress condition. The results for relative mRNA expression level of CAT and APX enzymes were in agreement with results of spectrophotometric values. Correlation value between each stress condition and phenotypic data showed that biotic stress condition showed high correlation with activity of CAT and APX whilst, abiotic stress condition revealed significant correlation with SOD activity.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.8-16
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• 1986

The fishing conditions of flying squid, ommastrePhes barsram(Lesueur), in the North Pacific Ocean was studied based on the horizontal water temperature data, satellite data from NOAA and statistical data of flying squid fisheries which were collected from 1980 to 1984. The obtained results were as follows; 1. Since 1979, the Korean drift giIlnet fishery for flying squid was launched in North Pacific. Number of operating vessel and catch of flying squid increased gradually every year. The number of vessels were 111 and their annual catches were 42, 977 M/T in 1984. Therefore, Korean drift giIlnet fishery for this species has played an important role in the products of Korean high-sea fisheries. 2. In the beginning of the fisheries, fishing grounds was formed in the west of long. 1800E. In 1982, in consequence of the center which extended eastward, the fishing ground was formed long. 166$^{\circ}$W in the central North Pacific Ocean. Since 1983, the fishing grounds were formed as far as long. 161$^{\circ}$W. The range of general fishing season in the central North Pacific was from June to August. After september, fishing ground was shifted to the west, in the Northwestern Pacific. 3. The Predominant fishing season for the flying squid was August through January of the coming year. Optimum water temperature for flying sguid at surface layer in the Pacific Ocean ranged from 11 $^{\circ}$e to 17$^{\circ}$e in winter, 13$^{\circ}$e to 17$^{\circ}$e in spring, 12. 8$^{\circ}$C to 19.7$^{\circ}$e in summer and 1O.6$^{\circ}$e -18.7$^{\circ}$e in fall. 4. In summer, the Oceanographic condition in the North Pacific Ocean showed that the water temperature at surface layer was lower in 1980, 1983 and higher in 1981, 1982 and 1984 as compared with mean annual water temperature. 5. The characteristics df oceanographic conditions in the fluation, disformation, mixing and other factors of the Kuroshio and Oyashio currents, which have considerably influenced upon the water masses of the areas. 6. The data and information on surface thermal Structure interpreted from Infrared Satellite Imaginary from NOAA-7 and NOAA-8 are very available in estimating water temperature on the areas and investigating the major fishing grounds. 7. According to the fisheries statics of Japanese drift gilInet, the annual catches of flying squid considerably decreased from 225, 942 M/T in 1983 to 133, 217 M/T in 1984. 8. The fishing grounds in the central North Pacific in several fishing seasons were formed as follows: In June, the initial fishing season, the fishing grounds were formed in the vicinity of lat. 35 - 40oN, the central North Pacific east of 179$^{\circ}$E. In July, the fishing ground were formed in the wide arEa of the central North Pacific north of 400N and long. 174$^{\circ}$E-145$^{\circ}$W In Auguest, concentrative fishing operation carried out in :he central North Pacific north of 43$^{\circ}$N and East of 165$^{\circ}$W. On the other hand, in September, main fishing grounds were disappeared and moved to the west.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.29-45
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• 2019

Objectives This study is to investigate anti-obesity effects of Banggihwanggi-tang-hap-yeonggyechulgam-tang (BY), an herbal formula, in high fat diet induced obese mice model. Methods Fourty five male C57Bl/6J mice were randomly assigned to normal group fed with normal research diet (Nor, n=9), high fat diet control group treated with water (Veh, n=9), high fat diet group treated with orlistat (Oris; n=9, Orlistat 40 mg/kg), high fat diet group treated with low concentraion BY (BYL; n=6, BY 0.87 g/kg) and high fat diet group treated with high concentration BY (BYH; n=6, BY 1.74 g/kg). Results Seven weeks later, antioxidative capacity, body weight, epididymal fat pad and liver weight, reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), heme oxygenase (HO)-1 and histology of liver were evaluated. In the BYH group, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azinobis (3 ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity were more than L-ascorbic acid. Body weight gain were significantly less than Veh group. Epididymal fat pad and liver weight gain were significantly less than Veh group. ROS and $ONOO^-$ were significantly less than with Veh group. ALT and AST were significantly less than with Veh group. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL were significantly less, HDL were significantly more than Veh group. SOD, catalase, Gpx, HO-1 significantly increased compared with Veh group. Injury on liver was lesser than Veh group. Conclusions It can be suggested that BY has anti-obesity effects in high fat diet induced obese mice model.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.317-324
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• 2012

본 연구는 식품원료의 진위여부를 판별하기 위한 시험법으로 일반 프라이머를 이용한 DNA barcode 기법을 도입하였다. 동물성식품원료의 경우 미토콘드리아 DNA 중 cytochrome oxidase subunit I(COI) 부위 검출을 위하여 디자인된 프라이머(LCO1490/HCO2198 및 VF2/FISH R2)와 cytochrome b(cyt b) 부위 검출을 위하여 디자인된 프라이머(L14724/H15915)를 사용하였다. 상기 3 종류의 프라이머를 사용하여 가축류 6종(소, 돼지, 염소, 양, 말 및 사슴), 가금류 4종(닭, 오리, 칠면조 및 타조), 어류 7종(명태, 대구, 청대구, 청어, 송어, 다랑어 및 우럭)을 대상으로 PCR 후 전기영동하여 예상되는 PCR 산물의 생성 유무를 확인하였다. 가축류 6종에 대하여는 LCO1490/HCO2198, VF2/FISH R2 및 L14724/H15915 프라이머를 사용한 경우 COI 및 cyt b가 모두 검출되었으며, 가금류 4종은 LCO1490/HCO2198 및 VF2/FISH R2 프라이머를 사용한 경우만 COI이 검출되었다. 또한 어류 7종은 VF2/FISH R2 프라이머를 사용한 경우에만 COI 부위가 검출됨을 확인하였다. 식물의 경우 엽록체 DNA 부위를 이용하여 디자인된 3 종류의 프라이머(trnH/psbA, rpoB 1F/4R 및 rbcL 1F/724R)를 사용하였다. 각각의 프라이머를 이용하여 식물 5종(마늘, 양파, 무, 녹차 및 시금치)에 대하여 실험한 결과 3종류의 프라이머에서 PCR의 산물을 모두 확인하였으며 trnH/psbA 프라이머의 경우 식물 종마다 PCR 산물의 크기는 다르게 검출되었다. 본 연구에서는 17종의 식품원료별 일반 프라이머 및 PCR 조건을 확립하였으며, 생산된 PCR 산물을 대상으로 염기서열을 결정하고 유전자은행에 있는 염기서열과 DB 비교 분석을 통하여 식품에 사용된 원료의 진위여부 판별에 적용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.