• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.309-314
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to investigate me effects of garlic or lemon juice on quality characteristics of fish muscle. The samples treated with garlic or lemon juice by me amount of 5% or 10% (w/w) of fish muscIe were stored at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $-18{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ for 10 and 40 days, respectively. The results are summarized as follows; 1. In me taste of samples, me samples treated with 5% garlic juice showed me most favorite tendency all me storage time at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $-18{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. 2. There were significant in fishy odor after 5 days of storage at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and 40 days of storage at $-18{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ . The fishy odor of samples treated with garlic juice were weaker man those of samples untreated or treated with lemon juice. 3. The appearance was evaluated the worst in 10% lemon juice treated sample among all me samples. 4. The hardness of the samples treated with lemon juice were lower man those of samples untreated or treated with garlic juice during all the storage time at $4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $-18{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. 5. The score of overall quality was the highest in sample treated with 5% garlic juice during all the storage time at $-18{\pm}2^{\circ}C$.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2019

Purpose: The usefulness of using single-electron radiation for secondary radiotherapy of breast cancer patients after surgery is assessed and the use of a combine of different energy. Methods and materials : In this study, 40 patients (group A) using energy 6 MeV and 9 MeV, and 19 patients (group B) using a combine of 9 MeV and 12 MeV were studied among 59 patients who performed secondary care using combine electronic radiation. Each patient in each group, 6 MeV, 9 MeV, Combine(6 MeV / 9 MeV) and 9 MeV, 12 MeV, Combine (9 MeV / 12 MeV) were developed in different ways, and the maximum doses delivered to the original hospital, D95, D5, and $V_3$, $V_5$, $V_{10}$ were compared. Result: The D95 mean value of Group A treatment plan was $785.33{\pm}225.37cGy$, $1121.79{\pm}87.02cGy$ at 9 MeV, and $1010.98{\pm}111.17cGy$ at 6 MeV / 9 MeV, and the mean value at 6 MeV / 9 MeV was most appropriate for the dose. The mean values of the low dose area $V_3$ and $V_5$ in the lung of the breast direction being treated were $3.24{\pm}3.49%$ and $0.72{\pm}1.55%$ at 6 MeV, the highest 9 MeV at $7.25{\pm}4.59%$, $3.07{\pm}2.64%$, the lowest at 6 MeV. Maximum and average lung dose was $727.78{\pm}137.27cGy$ at 6 MeV / 9 MeV, $49.16{\pm}24.44cGy$, highest 9 MeV at $998.97{\pm}114.35cGy$, $85.33{\pm}41.18cGy$, and lowest 6 MeV at $387.78{\pm}208.88cGy$, $9.27{\pm}6.60cGy$. The value of $V_{10}$ was all close to zero. Group B appeared in the pattern of Group A. Conclusion: Relative differences in low-dose areas of the lungs $V_3$ and $V_5$ were seen and were most effective in the dose transfer of tumor bed in the application of combined energy. It is thought that the method of using electronic energy in further radiation treatments for breast cancer is a more effective way to use the energy effect of limiting energy resources, and that if you think about it again, it could be a little more beneficial radiation treatment for patients.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.71-88
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• 1996

For understanding skin temperature based on clothing design from a viewpoint of comfortable wearing, the skin temperature, physiological reactions(body temperature, blood pressure and pulse) and physilolgical response(thermal sensation, comfort sensation and perceptive sweaty sensation) were measured on condition tha t5 naked healthy male exposed to serveral environmental temperatures,( $20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ ,$28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ and $32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$). As the results of this testing, the regional skin temperature was varied for 90min just after expose to those the environment but was generally stabilized for the nest 90min. It was proved the difference of the regional skin temperature at low temperature environmental($20{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$) was larger than at high temperature environmental($32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$) and inder serveral environmental temperature,the degree of the regional skin was not equal. Except in case of the thigh, the front of all regional skin temperature turned out higher than the back of them. According to change of environmental temperature, body temperature and pulse were altered. In the pshycological response, 'thermal sensation-comfort sensation' was felt to 'slightly warm - comfortable' at $28{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$of the environmental temperature, and 'perceptive sweaty sensation', wneh it was said 'sweat' at only $32{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ of it.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2004

In the present study, attempts were made to cryopreserve sea urchin, Anthocidaris crassispina sperm in liquid nitrogen, to evaluate the effects of various cryoprotectants and freezing rates on motility, survival rate and fertilization rate of the post-thawing sperm, and the ultrastructural changes of sperm after cryopreservation were observed. The highest values of sperm motility (motility index: 3.3$\pm$0.37) and survival rate (72$\pm$3.5%) were obtained with 15% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and these values were significantly higher than those of sperm preserved with glycerol. Comparisons of motilities and survival rates between treatments of difference freezing rates showed that there was no difference between procedures (a) 5$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$ (motility index: 3.3$\pm$0.31 ; survival late 70$\pm$2.7%) and (b) 3$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$ (motility index: 3.1$\pm$0.29; survival rate 69$\pm$3.7%), while the results of (c) 1$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$ were significantly lower than the others (motility index: 2.2$\pm$0.33 ; survival rate 42$\pm$4.6%). There was no significant difference in fertilization rate between fresh sperm and sperm preserved with 15% DMSO as cryoprotectant and freezing rate (3$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$). Some ultrastructural changes of sperm, such as the detachment of plasma membrane, the destruction of mitochondria, and the flagellum rolling up head, were observed after cryopreservation. Morphological normality of the sperm in 15% DMSO frozen at the ratio of 5$0^{\circ}C$/min to -8$0^{\circ}C$ was better than the others.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 1995

The effects of storage containers and storage temperatures on Kimchi quality were investigated. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Pabix, poly ethylene-back+plastic container, tupper-ware were much better than crock, stainless steel, and plastic container in keeping a Kimchi. However, there was no significant differences between containers in the sensory test for Kimchi. 2. Kimchi stored at 18$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ was the most delicious, which revealed pH 4.30, acidity 0.45-0.50%, and salt concentration 3.10wt% in the 4th days after storage whereas sensory score for Kimchi quality was very low in the 12th days after storage. 3. pH in Kimchi stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ after fermentation at 18$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ was slowly decreased as compared to the Kimchi stored at 18$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$, but texture score of Kimchi stored at -5$^{\circ}C$ or -8$0^{\circ}C$ after fermentation at 18$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$, but texture score of Kimchi stored at -5$^{\circ}C$ or -8$0^{\circ}C$ were compared to that of the Kimchi stored at 18$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$ after fermentation. 5. In the group of Kimchi stored at 1$0^{\circ}C$, immediately after picking it took 48days until the best conditions which were pH 4.30 and acidity 0.45-0.50% were matched. 6. The most promising method in keeping good taste and good quality of Kimchi was to store Kimchi at 5$^{\circ}C$ after 4days fermentation at 18$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$. And, for long period preservation of Kimchi, it took would be effective to store at -8$0^{\circ}C$ after fermentation at 18$\pm$2$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.465-475
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• 2013

Higher quality level is generally perceived by customers as improved performance by assigning a correspondingly higher satisfaction score. Usually, the quality level is measured by process capability indices. The index is used to determine whether a production process is capable of producing items within a specified tolerance. Some useful process capability indices $C_p$, $C_{pk}$ and $C_{pm}$ have been widely used in six sigma industries to assess process performance. Most evaluations on process capability indices focus on point estimates, which may result in unreliable assessments of process performance. It is necessary to investigate their asymptotic correlationship among process capability indices $\hat{C}_p$, $\hat{C}_{pk}$ and $\hat{C}_{pm}$. In this paper, we study their asymptotic correlationship for some process capability indices $\hat{C}_p$, $\hat{C}_{pk}$ and $\hat{C}_{pm}$ under the normal process.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.35
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• pp.87-98
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• 2014

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR-ATR) was applied to chemical analysis for conservation status of 10 human bone remains from Joseon Dynasty. The result of crystallinity index (CI) is $4.25{\pm}0.78$, carbonate to carbonate ratio (C/C) is $0.91{\pm}0.04$ and cabonate content (C/P) is $0.19{\pm}0.06$. The higher histological index (HI) confirmed CI and C/P value was increased and C/C value was reduced. While C/C or C/P values analysis is possible. While DNA analysis can be extracted from the bone, C/C values are lower or C/P values are higher was found to the analysis is possible. Chemical assessment of FTIR and histological index consequence is expected to be applicable as a basis for comprehensive understanding of the conservation status excavated bones.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.645-653
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop a Pulsed Magnetic Fields(PMFs) system which can produce effects locally and simulate muscular tissues equally. To evaluate the PMFs system we caused DOMS(Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness) to subjects in biceps of the arm. Then, we stimulated acupoint HT2 using PMFs(20 minutes) and TEAS(20 minutes) for 2 days. The other subjects did not stimulate. Then we checked body surface temperature in biceps of the arm. All subjects had an asymmetrical body surface temperature in biceps after exercise(Non-stimulation group=$2.00{\pm}1.16^{\circ}C$, TEAS group=$1.73{\pm}0.52^{\circ}C$, PMFs group=$1.48{\pm}0.51^{\circ}C$). After 1st stimulation all subjects had decreased temperature differences(Non-stimulation group=$1.37{\pm}0.71^{\circ}C$, TEAS group=$1.08{\pm}0.43^{\circ}C$, PMFs group=$1.23{\pm}0.15^{\circ}C$). PMFs group had a symmetry body surface temperature after 24 hours($0.05{\pm}0.06^{\circ}C$) and TEAS group had that after 48 hours($0.1{\pm}0.08^{\circ}C$). Non-stimulation group did not recovery after 48 hours($0.37{\pm}0.06^{\circ}C$). Therefore, PMFs on acupoint had an therapeutic effect in DOMS.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.301-308
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• 2016

The process capability index is used to determine whether a production process is capable of producing items within a specified tolerance. Some process capability indices $C_p$, $C_{pk}$ and $C_{pm}$ have been of particular interest as useful management tools for tracking process performance. Most evaluations on process capability indices focus on statistical estimation and test of hypothesis. It is necessary to investigate their asymptotic correlationship among basic estimators ${\hat{C}}_p$, ${\hat{C}}_{pk}$ and ${\hat{C}}_{pm}$ of process capability indices $C_p$, $C_{pk}$ and $C_{pm}$. In this paper, we study their asymptotic correlationship for three process capability indices ${\hat{C}}_p$, ${\hat{C}}_{pk}$ and ${\hat{C}}_{pm}$ under bivariate normal distribution BN(${\mu}_x,{\mu}_y,{\sigma}^2_x,{\sigma}^2_y,{\rho}$). With some nonnormal processes, the asymptotic correlation coefficient of any two respective process capability index estimators could be established.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1333-1339
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• 2017

Coal-fired power plants emit various Particulate Matter(PM) at coal storage pile and ash landfill as well as the stack, and affect the surrounding environment. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray analyzer(FE-SEM/EDX) were used to develop identification factor and the physico-chemical analysis of PM emitted from a power plant. In this study, three samples of pulverized coal, bottom ash, and fly ash were analyzed. The pulverized coal was spherical particles in shape and the chemical composition of C-O-Si-Al and C/Si and C/Al ratios were 200~300 on average. The bottom ash was spherical or non-spherical particles in shape, chemical composition was O-C-Si-Al-Fe-Ca and C/Si and C/Al ratios were $4.3{\pm}4.6$ and $8.8{\pm}10.0$. The fly ash was spherical particles in shape, chemical composition was O-Si-Ai-C-Fe-Ca and C/Si and C/Al ratios were $0.5{\pm}0.2$ and $0.8{\pm}0.5$.