• 생약학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.4-4
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• 1983

Polygalitol, $C_6H_{12}O_5$ mp $142.5{\sim}3^{\circ}$, was isolated from the fresh leaves of Acer ginnala Max. (Aceraceae).

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2003

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two enalapril maleate tablets, $Renitec^{TM}$ (MSD Korea Ltd.) and $Enalace^{TM}$ (Welfide Korea Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty-four normal male volunteers, $22.33{\pm}2.55$ year in age and $66.54{\pm}8.30$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 10 mg of enalapril maleate per tablet were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and concentrations of enalapril in plasma were determined using LC-MS-MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t,\;and\;C_{max}$ untransformed $T_{max}$. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals for the log transformed data were acceptance range of log0.8 to log1.25$(e.g.,\;log1.02{\sim}log1.14\;and\;log1.03{\sim}log1.19\;for\;AUC_t\;and\;C_{max},\;respectively)$. The major parameters, $AUC_t,\;and\;C_{max}$, met the criteria of KDFA for bioequivalence indicating that $Enalace^{TM}$ tablet is bioequivalent to $Renitec^{TM}$ tablet.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ofloxacin tablets, Tarivid (Jeil Pharm. Co., Ltd.) and Favid (ILHWA Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty-four normal male volunteers, $23.67{\pm}3.12$ year in age and $68.50{\pm}7.23$ kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized $2{\times}2$ cross-over study was employed. After four tablets containing 100 mg of ofloxacin were orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and concentrations of ofloxacin in plasma were determined using HPLC. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t$, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters using logarithmically transformed $AUC_t$ and $C_{max}$ and untransformed $T_{max}$. There were no sequence effects between two formulations in these parameters. The 90% confidence intervals for the log transformed data were acceptance range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 (e.g., $log0.94{\sim}log1.04\;and\;log0.90{\sim}log1.07\;for\;AUC_t\;and\;C_{max}$, respectively). The major parameters, $AUC_t$, and $C_{max}$, met the criteria of KDFA for bioequivalence indicating that Favid tablet is bioequivalent to Tarivid tablet.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.439-448
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• 1996

광투과성 BK10 glass fiber/PMMA 복합재료의 합성조건을 변화시켜 복합재료가 온도와 파장을 감지하는 센서로서의 응용 가능성이 있는지를 연구하였다. 유리섬유 제조시 뽑아내는 속도와 온도등의 공정조건에 따른 유리섬유의 직경 및 굴저율을 측정하였고 유리섬유에 코팅되는 coupling agent의 용매 및 코팅방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 복합재료의 최대광투과도를 나타내는 온도($T_{max%}$)는 복합재료에 강화되는 유리섬유의 크기(굴정율), 유리섬유 vol%, PMMA의 분자량등을 변화시키면 $13~50^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 조정될 수 있었으며, 측정파장을 변화시킬 경우 $T_{max%}$ 값이 $35~55^{\circ}C$ 범위가 되도록 합성하는 것이 가능하였다. 한편 복합재료를 파장의 함수로서 광투과도를 측정하였을 때 최대광투과도가 나타나는 파장($\lamda_{max%}$)은 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.219-232
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• 2020

The slip-weakening model developed by Ohnaka and Yamashita is extended over the breakdown zone by equating the scaling relationships for the breakdown zone and the whole rupture area. For the extension, the study uses the relationship between rupture velocity and radiation efficiency, which was derived in the theory of linear elastic fracture mechanics, and the definition of f_max given in the specific barrier model proposed by Papageorgiou and Aki. The results clearly show that the extended scaling relationship is governed by the ratio of rupture velocity to S wave velocity, and the velocity ratio can be determined by the ratio of characteristic frequencies of a Fourier amplitude spectrum, which are corner frequency, f_c, and source-controlled cut-off frequency, f_max, or vice versa. The derived relationship is tested by using the characteristic frequencies extracted from previous studies of more than 130 shallow crustal events (focal depth less than 25 km, M_W 3.0~7.5) that occurred in Japan. Under the assumption of a dynamic similarity, the rupture velocity estimated from f_max/f_c and the modified integral timescale give quite similar scale-dependence of the rupture area to that given by Kanamori and Anderson. Also, the results for large earthquakes show good agreement to the values from a kinematic inversion in previous studies. The test results also indicate the unavailability of the spectral self-similarity proposed by Aki because of the scale-dependent rupture velocity and the rupture velocity-dependent f_max/f_c; however, the results do support the local similarity asserted by Ohnaka. It is also remarkable that the relationship between the rupture velocity and f_max/f_c is quite similar to Kolmogorov's hypothesis on a similarity in the theory of isotropic turbulence.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2023

본 논문은 NP-완전으로 알려진 k-SAT 문제의 절의 수 m에 대해 O(km)의 다항시간 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 기존에 널리 알려진 DPLL은 문자 수 𝑙에 대해 분기한정법의 전수탐색으로 해를 찾지 못하면 역추적을 수행하는 방식으로 최악의 경우 O(2^𝑙)을 수행해야 한다. DPLL은 최소 빈도수 문자가 포함된 절을 참(T)으로 하도록 문자에 참(T) 또는 거짓(F)을 대입하여 해당 문자가 포함된 절을 제거하는 방식으로 SAT Solver의 근간을 이루고 있다. 제안된 알고리즘은 DPLL과는 반대로 부울 수식 f에 존재하는 최대 빈도수 문자 _max𝑙을 선택하고, $_{\max}({\mid}l{\mid},{\mid}{\bar{l}}{\mid})=1$로 설정하고, 𝑙∈c_i 절은 삭제하며, ${\bar{l}}{\in}c_i$절에서 ${\bar{l}}$를 삭제하는 방법을 적용하였다. 제안된 알고리즘을 다양한 k-SAT 문제들에 적용한 결과 기존의 DPLL 알고리즘보다 적은 횟수를 수행함을 알 수 있었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2001

The methanol extracts of 25 leguminous seeds in vitro were evaluated for inhibitory activities against lens aldose reductase of Sprague Dawley male rats. The responses varied with both leguminous seed and concentration used. At the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, the methanol extracts from Amphicaraea edgeworthii, Canavalia lineata, Gylcine max var. solitae, Glycine max var. yagkong, Glycine max var. hooktae, Glycine max var. bangkong, Glycine max var. geumdu, Glycine max var. chungtae, Glycine max var. mejukong, Glycine soja, Phaseolus radiatus var. geodu, Vicia tetrasperma, Vigna angulasis, and Vigna sinensis inhibited enzyme activity by greatertha 60%. In following study, at the concentration of 0.01 mg/mL, the extracts of C. lineata and V. tetraspermahad relatively strong inhibitory activity against aldose reductase. Because of their potent inhibitory activities, the activity of each solvent fraction from C. lineata and V. tetrasperma was determined, and the potent activity was showed from chloroform and hexane fractions, respectively. {TEX}$IC_{50}${/TEX} values of C. lineata and V. tetrasperma were 0.004 and 0.006 mg/mL, respectively. As a naturally occurring therapeutic agent, leguminous seeds described could be useful for developing new agents of antidiabetic complications.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.349-359
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to compare the clearance rate (CR) and intake rate (IR) of juvenile purple clam, Saxidomus purpuratus when feeding on different unialgal diet of red tide dinoflagellates (RTDs), and to know what is the most important cell characteristic of RTDs to cause the differences in feeding parameters. Experiments were performed to measure the CR and IR of juvenile S. purpuratus as a function of algal concentration when food was either the standard food, Isochrysis galbana or one of 9 RTDs. Patterns of CR with increasing algal concentration were similar among different RTDs. The highest $C_{max}$ was observed when S. purpuratus was feeding on A. affine, while the lowest on C. polykrikoides. The patterns of IR with increasing algal concentration were also similar among different RTDs. However, there were great differences in the maximum value of IR ($I_{max}$) among different RTDs. The highest $I_{max}$ was observed when S. purpuratus was feeding on A. carterae, while the lowest on G. catenatum. Some RTDs similar in size showed different $C_{max}$. Other RTDs different in size showed similar $I_{max}$. Life form of each RTD affected significantly the $I_{max}$, which was higher for single-celled RTDs than chain-forming RTDs. There were no significant differences in feeding parameters between toxic and nontoxic RTDs. Moreover, a toxic dinoflagellate, A. carterae recorded the highest $I_{max}$ among RTDs. The most important characteristic of RTD as a factor affecting the feeding rate of S. purpuratus was life form, not size or toxicity of RTD species.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 1995

For the vioequivalence study of two ceftriaxone injection formulations ($Rocephin{\circledR}$ ; Roche, and Triaxone ; Hanmi0, the HPLC analytical method for the analysis of ceftriaxone in plasma was used. Fourteen healthy volunteers completed the study and each subject were IM in jected signle doses (1 g) of the test and the reference formulations in a two-way crossover design with an one week drug free interval between doses. Following each administration, plasma concentrations of ceftrixone were monitored over a period of 24 h. Bioequivalence parameters $AUC_{24th}, {\;}T_{max}, {\;}C_{max}$ and MRT determined from the data obtained for the two formulations were examined by analyses of variance (ANOVA) and other criteria and tests for bioequivalence. Results of ANOVA and confidence limits of test/reference ratios of $AUC_{24th}, {\;}T_{max}, {\;}C_{max}$ and MRT, and statistical tests indicated the bioequivalence of the two formulations (i.e., test/reference ratio was within $100{\pm}20%$) except for $T_{max}$ The mean of $T_{max}$ showed only 6. 9% difference from the reference but the detection limit was 22.5% which is slightly over the 20% criteria. No pharmacokinetic parameters including Ka, Kel, Vd and Cl indicated significant difference in between the two fomulations. It was concluded that the data yielded fro the two cefriaxone formulations demonstrated that they were bioequivalent.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.484-488
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• 1987

단순만곡형과 슈퍼-V형 모형 전개판의 뒷전 쪽에 각각 flap을 부착하고, 회류수조에서 진행각도와 유속에 따른 항력과 전개력을 측정하여 유체역학적인 전개성능을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. flap을 부착한 모형 전개판의 전개력계수 $C_L$은 flap각도 $30^{\circ}$와 $50^{\circ}$일 때 단순만곡형은 최대유효진행각도 $\alpha_{max}=25^{\circ}$ 1.75 정도이었고, 슈퍼-V형은 $\alpha_{max}=20^{\circ}$에서 1.80정도로 flap을 부착하지 않은 경우보다 $20\~30\%$ 정도 $C_L$이 증가하였다. 2. 항력계수 $C_D$는 $\alpha_{max}$ 일 때 flap각도에 관계없이 단순만곡형과 슈퍼-V형 모두가 0.5 정도로 거의 차이가 없었고, flap을 부착하지 않은 경우보다는 약간 $C_D$가 증가하였다. 3. 유체효율 $C_L/C_D$는 flap각도 $30^{\circ}$일 경우가 $50^{\circ}$일 경우보다 약간 높았으나, $\alpha_{max}$일 때는 거의 비슷하였으며, flap를 부착하지 않은 경우보다는 악간 높은 경향을 보였다.