• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1994

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of priming and preimbibition on gerraination of unscarified and KOH-scarified zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) seeds, respectively. Germi-nation percentages at 35˚C of seeds primed in $KNO_3$ and Ca($NO_3$)$_2$ were significantly higher than that of untreated seeds. The optimum conditions for priming unscarified seeds were in aerated $KNO_3$ solution at O4 M for 4 days at 20˚C. No additional benefit of $GA_3$ on increasing germination was not found in seed priming with solution of $KNO_3$ + $GA_3$ or in seeds preimbibed with $GA_3$ after priming. Scarified seeds preimbibed with distilled water(DW) for 4 days at 20˚C germinated higher and with fewer days to 50% of total germination(T 50) than untreated seeds. Preimbibition with $GA_3$ solution at 50 ppm for 4 days at 5, 10, 15 and 20˚C enabled up to 97% of seeds to germinate and reduced days to T 50 about 1.1 to 1.2 days at 35˚C Especially, seeds preimbibed with $GA^2$˚$_3_2_1$$\times$ had greatly higher germination and lower T 50 than untreated or DW-preimbibibed seeds at 30˚C, which is inadequate to germination in general. Preimbibed seed performance was unchanged after storage at room temperature for 50 days. Seeds preimbibed with GA $_3$ had higher rate of seedling emergence and faster growth of shoot than untreated seeds after sowing at 30˚C in growing medium in growth chamber.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.35 no.4 s.139
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• pp.380-383
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate mushroom Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Cuscuta japonica Choisy and C. australis R.Be. The experimental materials were expressed juice from their stems and flowers, both water and ethanol extracts, their seeds, and two kinds of commercially available cosmetic packing Wontosa and Bupjetosa (made from seeds of C. japonica). The 50% inhibitory concentration $(IC_{50})$ of C. Japonica juice was 5.4 mg/ml. However, C. australis juice showed negligible mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The $IC_{50}$ of water extracted C. japonica seed was $54.0\;{\mu}g/ml$, water extracted product of Wontosa $50.0\;{\mu}g/ml$ and Bupjetosa $40\;{\mu}g/ml$. The $IC_{50}$ of ethanol extracted C. japonica seed was $10\;{\mu}g/ml$, Wontosa $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ and Bupjetosa $20\;{\mu}g/ml$.

• IT SoC Magazine
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• s.10
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• pp.50-50
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• 2006

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.592-597
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• 2000

In this study (B $a_{0.5}$/S $r_{0.5}$)Ti $O_3$[BST(50/50)] ceramic thin films were prepared by the Sol-Gel method BST(50/50) stock solution was made and spin-coated on the Indium Tin Oxide(ITO)/glass substrate at 4000 rpm for 30 seconds. The coated films were dried at 35$0^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes and annealed at 650~75$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The microstructural properties of the BST(50/50) thin film were studied by the XRD and AFM. The ferroelectric perovskite phase was formed at the annealing condition of 75$0^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. Dielectric constant and loss of this thin were 370, 3.7% at room temperature respectively. The polarization switching voltage showed the good value of 3V. The leakage current density of the BST(50/50) thin film was 10$^{-7A}$c $m^2$with applied voltage of 1.5V. BST(50/50) thin film capacitors having good dielectric and electrical properties are expecting for the application to the dielectric material of DRAM.RAM.M.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.327-333
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of priming duration and temperature on germinability of vegetable seeds. Priming chemicals were -0.50 MPa PEG 8000 for carrot, 50 mM $K_3PO_4$ for lettuce, 200 mM $KH_2PO_4$ for onion, and 100 mM $Ca(NO_3)_2$ for Welsh onion seeds. Priming temperature varied from $10^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$, and priming duration varied from 12 hours to 5 days depending on crops. Percent germination of carrot seeds was significantly affected by the seed treatment and priming temperature. Priming at $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 days was most effective in reducing number of days to attain 50% of the final germination percentage (T50) and mean number of days to germination (MDG). Radicle protrusion in the priming solution was as high as 14% when primed at $20^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. Percent germination of lettuce seeds was affected significantly by the seed treatment and priming duration. Priming lettuce seeds at $20^{\circ}C$ for 2 days increased percent germination and shortened T50 and MDG without radicle protrusion. Percent germination of onion seeds was affected significantly by the seed treatment, priming duration, and temperature. Priming at either $10^{\circ}C$ or $15^{\circ}C$ for 3, 4, or 5 days did not affect percent germination of onion seeds, but was effective in reducing T50 and MDG. Decline in percent germination of onion seeds was precipitous as the length of priming duration increased from 3 to 5 days. Percent germination of welsh onion seeds was not affected by the priming duration and temperature. Priming at $15^{\circ}C$ for 4 days was most effective in reducing T50 and MDG, increased in duration of priming at $15^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$ increased radicle protrusion.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.742-747
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• 1995

The effect of storage temperature and period on the contents of tin, iron, lead and vitamin C, browning index and pH was studied for canned and bottled orange juices currently sold in Korean market, which were stored for 24 weeks at 20, 30, 40 and $50^{\circ}C$ and analyzed at 4 week intervals. The change of metal content in bottled juices was negligible but metal release in canned juices was remarkably affected by storage temperature. Tin content after 16 weeks increased by $2.7{\sim}13.1$ times, iron content after 24 weeks increased by $4.3{\sim}5.2$ times and lead content after 24 weeks increased by $1.1{\sim}2.9$ times. Retention of total ascorbic acid in canned juices after 24 weeks at $30{\sim}50^{\circ}$ decreased to $13{\sim}76%$, while that in bottled juices decreased to $4{\sim}80%$. Browning index in canned juices after 24 weeks below $40^{\circ}C$ increased slightly with serious discoloration at $50^{\circ}C$ while that in bottled juices increased a little rapid. pH change in canned and bottled juices during storage below $40^{\circ}C$ was not observed regardless of container type but a great change of pH was accompanied with swelling of container ends in the case of canned juices after 24 weeks at $50^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.5637-5645
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• 2012

To enhance the reutilization of waste skate skin for the functional food resources, the investigations of extraction characteristics, antioxidative activity of skate skin water extracts on the oxidation of three cooking oils were carried out, and rheological properties, storage safety and sensory evaluation of collagen gel from skate skin were performed. Aromatic and phenolic compounds contents of $50^{\circ}C$ extracts were higher by 49.4% and 32.7%, respectively, than those of $25^{\circ}C$ extracts. Reducing power of extract at $50^{\circ}C$ was higher by 52.74% than that of $25^{\circ}C$ extract, but was 14.9% of ascorbic acid and 27.8% of BHT. Electron donating ability was corresponded to reducing power and phenolic compounds contents. Antioxidative effect of extracts on cooking oil was higher at $50^{\circ}C$ extract than $25^{\circ}C$ extract, and its order was on corn seed oil, soybean oil and olive oil. Antioxidative effect of $50^{\circ}C$ extract showed 38.27~96.83% and 49.53~75.31% of those of ascorbic acid and BHT, respectively, over three cooking oil. The optimum extraction condition for collagen gellation was $100^{\circ}C$, 2 hours extraction under 2.5 folds hydrolysis, and gel strength was lowered above 50% by 10% seasoning.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2016

The effect of temperature on the fracture energy, crack propagation, and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) was determined for particulate reinforced composites using the wedge splitting test. The materials that were used consisted of a polymer binder, an oxidizing agent, and aluminum particles. The test rate of the wedge splitting specimen was 50 mm/min, the temperature conditions were $50^{\circ}C$, room temperature, $-40^{\circ}C$, and $-60^{\circ}C$. The fracture energy, calculated from splitting load-crack mouth opening displacement(CMOD) curves, increased with decreasing temperature from $50^{\circ}C$ to $-40^{\circ}C$. In addition, the strength of the particulate reinforced composites increased sharply at $-60^{\circ}C$, and the composites evidenced brittle fracture due to the glass transition temperature. The strain fields near the crack tip were analyzed using digital image correlation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.272-279
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate possibility for composting by microorganisms in food waste itself. In the result of counting of microorgansm in food waste, the number of bacteria growing at $30^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$ were counted $10^5-10^7CFU/g$ and $10^5-10^6\;CFU/g$ in the almost food waste, respectively. Amylase and protease producing microorgansim were counted $10^3-10^7\;CFU/g$ at $30^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$. In the result of composting for 30 days, FW1 was reveal that $CO_2$gas production rate and degradation of organic matter were similar to FW2 but higher than that of FW3, FM1 and FM2. Also, In the cases of change of enzyme producing microorgansim during the composting, FW1 were counted $10^5-10^9\;CFU/g$ at $30^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$ and $60^{\circ}C$ of incubation temperature, while FM1, added to commercial microbial inoculator, were less than that of FM1. Consequently, It was suggested that FW1 was most suitable condition for composting by microorganisms in food waste and there was no need to use microbial inoculator for composting.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.178-183
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• 2002

The PLZT (x/50/50, x = 1, 2, 5, 7) thin films have been prepared by a sol-gel method using polypropanediol as a solvent, and their dielectric properties have been investigated. The prepared sol was coated 10 times on $Pt/Ti/SiO2_2$/Si wafer. After post-annealing at 560~$600^{\circ}C$ for 10 min, the 600 nm-thick PLZT (x/50/50) thin films were formed with pure perovskite phase. Grain size of the PLZT (x/50/50) thin films was increased with increasing the amount of La. For all the compositions, dielectric properties such as dielectric constant and remnant polarization were enhanced with increasing annealing temperatures. As the amount of La was increased, the remnant polarization, coercive field and dielectric constant of the PLZT (x/50/50) thin films fired at $600^{\circ}C$ were decreased.