• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2005

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cetirizine HCl tablets, Zyrtec tablet (UCB Pharm. Co., Ltd. Korea, reference product) and Zyrix tablet (Kukje Pharm. Co., Ltd., Korea, test product), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). After adding an internal standard (diazepam), plasma samples were extracted using 1 mL of dichloromethane. Compounds extracted were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC with ultra-violet detector. This method for determination cetirizine is proved accurate and reproducible with a limit of quantitation of 10 ng/mL in male plasma. Twenty-four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the cetirizine HCl dose of 10 mg in a $2{\times}2$ crossover study. There was a one-week wash out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of cetirizine were monitored for over a period of 24 hr after the administration. AUC (the area under the plasma concentration-time curve) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. $C_{max}$ (maximum plasma drug concentration) and $T_{max}$ (time to reach $C_{max}$) were compiled from the plasma concentration-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed AUC and $C_{max}$. No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals for the log transformed data were acceptable range of log 0.8 to log 1.25 $(e.g.,\;log\;0.93-log\;1.08\;for\;AUC_{0-t},\;log\;0.91-log\;1.08\;for\;AUC_{0-{\infty}}\;and\;log\;1.01-log\;1.11\;for\;C_{max})$. The major parameters, AUC and $C_{max}$ met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence indicating that Zyrix tablet is bioequivalent to Zyrtec tablet.

• 약학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 1962

A new tannin, polygagallin, related to acertannin, is isolated from air-dried leaves of Acer ginnala Max. as prismatic crystals with 1/2 H$_{2}$O per mole, m.p.154-155.deg. and [.alpha.]$_{D}$$^{29}$ +43.79.deg. C. Polygagllin gives hexaacetate, m.p.164.5.deg. C, [.alpha.]$_{D}$$^{28}$ +42.deg. C, on treating with anhydroacetic acid and on treating with diazomethane, gives trimethyl ether, m.p.176.deg. C, [.alpha.]$_{D}$$^{22}$ +53.43, which yields triacetate, m.p.160.5.deg. C, [.alpha.]$_{D}$$^{22}$ + 132.5.deg. C, on acetylation and is not attacked by periodate. On hydrolysis, trimethoxypolygagallin yields one mole of polygalitol and that of trimethoxygallic acid. By the above results polygalallin has been established as 3-galloylpolygalito.ygalito.galallin has been established as 3-galloylpolygalito.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2016

Due to its stability at high temperature and its layered structure, $Ti_3SiC_2$ MAX phase was considered to the interphase of $SiC_f/SiC$ composite. In this study, $Ti_3SiC_2$ MAX phase powder was deposited on SiC fiber via the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. The Zeta potential of the $Ti_3SiC_2$ suspension with and without polyethyleneimine as a dispersant was measured to determine the conditions of the EPD experiments. Using a suspension with 0.03 wt.% ball milled $Ti_3SiC_2$ powder and 0.3 wt.% PEI, $Ti_3SiC_2$ MAX phase was successfully coated on SiC fiber with an EPD voltage of 10 V for 2 h. Most of the coated $Ti_3SiC_2$ powders are composed of spherical particles. Part of the $Ti_3SiC_2$ powders that are platelet shaped are oriented parallel to the SiC fiber surface. From these results we expect that $Ti_3SiC_2$ can be applied to the interphase of $SiC_f/SiC$ composites.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 1999

Interactions among dexamethasone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and antimycin A on the glutamate uptake and the polyamine uptake were investigated in primary cultures of rat cerebral cortical astrocytes to examine the effects of dexamethasone and DHEA on the regulatory role of astrocytes in conditions of increased extracellular concentrations of glutamate or polyamines. 1. $[^3H]Glutamate$ uptake: LPS and antimycin A decreased $V_{max},$ but both drugs had little effect on $K_m.$ Dexamethasone also decreased basal $V_{max}$ without any significant effect on $K_m.$ And dexamethasone further decreased the antimycin A-induced decrease of $V_{max}.$ DHEA did not affect the kinetics of basal glutamate uptake and the change by LPS or antimycin A. 2. $[^{14}C]Putrescine$ uptake: LPS increased $V_{max},$ and antimycin A decreased $V_{max}.$ They showed little effect on $K_m.$ Dexamethasone decreased $V_{max}$ of basal uptake and further decreased the antimycin A-induced decrease of $V_{max},$ and also decreased $V_{max}$ to less than control in LPS-treated astrocytes. DHEA did not affect $K_m$ and the change of $V_{max}$ by LPS or antimycin A. 3. $[^{14}C]Spermine$ uptake: Antimycin A decreased $V_{max},$ and LPS might increase $V_{max}.\;K_m$ was little affected by the drugs. Dexamethasone decreased basal $V_{max}$ and might further decrease the antimycin A-induced decrease of $V_{max}.$ And dexamethasone also decreased $V_{max}$ to less than control in LPS-treated astrocytes. DHEA might increase basal $V_{max}$ and $V_{max}$ of LPS-treated astrocytes. 4. $V_{max}$ of glutamate uptake by astrocytes was increased by putrescine (1000 ${\mu}M$ & 2000 ${\mu}M$) and spermidine (200 ${\mu}M,$ 500 ${\mu}M$ & 2000 ${\mu}M$). Spermine, 200 ${\mu}M$ (and 100 ${\mu}M$), also increased $V_{max},$ but a higher dose of 2000 ${\mu}M$ decreased $V_{max}.\;K_m$ of glutamate uptake was not significantly changed by these polyamines, except that higher doses of spermine showed tendency to decrease $K_m$ of glutamate uptake. In astrocytes, dexamethasone inhibited the glutamate uptake and the polyamine uptake in normal or hypoxic conditions, and the polyamine uptake might be stimulated by LPS and DHEA. Polyamines could aid astrocytes to uptake glutamate.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between craniovertebral angle (CVA) and cardiorespiratory function ($VO_2max$ and $VCO_2max$) in young adults. METHODS: For this study, the students of D college were questioned and 50 members of D college were participated in our research.. Side-view pictures of each subject were taken in standing positions, in order to assess forward head posture (FHP) by measuring the craniovertebral angle. The craniovertebral angle was measured as the angle between a horizontal line at C7 and a line from the tragus of the ear to the spinous process of C7. And $VO_2max$ and $VCO_2max$ were measured by Quark CPET (cosmed co, USA) while the subjects were performed the treadmill running task of a intensity to set with respiratory mask. Subjucts were Then Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to estimate the relationship between craniovertebral and cardiorespiratory function ($VO_2max$ and $VCO_2max$) using SPSS for window. RESULTS: There was a significant positive correlation between craniovertebral angle and $VO_2max$ during treadmill running task (r=0.528, p<0.05). And there was a significant positive correlation between craniovertebral angle and $VO_2max$ during treadmill running task (r=0.566, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Foreward head posture is related to cardiorespiratory function, and it has a negative correlation with cardiorespiratory function.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.260-264
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• 2016

MAX77846은 MAX77826과 호환해서 최신 웨어러블 시계와 3G/4G 스마트폰용의 전력모듈(PMIC)로 사용된다. MAX77846은 주변장치의 전력을 공급하기 위해 N 채널 MOSFET와 고효율의 레귤레이터, 비교기 등으로 구성되어 있다. 또한, 완전한 적용성과 각각의 레귤레이터 출력전압을 제공하기 위해 $I^2C$ 연산을 위해 전력 on/off 제어 로직을 제공한다. 이 논문에서 MAX77846을 기반으로 한 축약된 전력 매크로 모델을 전류와 시간에 대한 배터리 전압의 상태를 검증하기 위해 설계하고 LTspice로 시뮬레이션을 수행한다. Samsung Galaxy Gear 2 용 충전된 배터리 용량이 실시간으로 주요기능을 수행하는데 흐르는 전류를 측정한 후 특정한 기능을 수행하는데 사용가능한 시간을 검증하여 차세대 전력 모듈의 설계변수로 활용하는데 있다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.451-456
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• 2009

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ciprofloxacin tablets, Ciprobay (Bayer Korea Ltd.) and Rofcin (Binex Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). The release of ciprofloxacin from the two ciprofloxacin tablets in vitro was tested using KP XIII Apparatus I method with dissolution media (0.01 M HCl). The dissolution profiles of two ciprofloxacin tablets were very similar at dissolution media. Twenty four healthy male volunteers were divided into two groups and a randomized 2$2{\times}2$2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet (250 mg ciprofloxacin) was orally administrated, blood was taken and the concentrations of ciprofloxacin in serum were determined using HPLC with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ were calculated. The results showed that the differences in $AUC_t,\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ between two ciprofloxacin tablets based on the Ciprobay were -0.63%, 3.98% and -9.23%, respectively. There were no sequence effects between two tablets in these parameter. The 90% confidence intervals using logarithmically transformed data were within the acceptance range of log(0.8) to log(1.25)(e.g., log(0.9520)~log(1.0523) and log(0.9689)~log(1.1663) for $AUC_1\;and\;C_{max}$, respectively). Thus, Rofcin tablet was bioequivalent to Ciprobay tablet.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.291-304
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• 2022

Maximum shear modulus (G_max or G₀) is an important soil property useful for many engineering applications, such as the analysis of soil-structure interactions, soil stability, liquefaction evaluation, ground deformation and performance of seismic design. In the current study, bender element (BE) tests are used to evaluate the effect of the void ratio, effective confining pressure, grading characteristics (D₅₀, C_u and C_c), anisotropic consolidation and initial fabric anisotropy produced during specimen preparation on the G_max of sand-gravel mixtures. Based on the tests results, an empirical equation is proposed to predict G_max in granular soils, evaluated by the experimental data. The artificial neural network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) models were also applied. Coefficient of determination (R²) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between predicted and measured values of G_max were calculated for the empirical equation, ANN and ANFIS. The results indicate that all methods accuracy is high; however, ANFIS achieves the highest accuracy amongst the presented methods.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.762-766
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• 1995

The coercive field $H_{c}$ of amorphous Y-Fe alloys in the spin-glass state has been investigated. Foramorphous $Y_{10}Fe_{90}$ alloy, the thermal variations of $H_{c}$ in the maximum external field $H_{max}=300,\;600$ and 1 k Oe exhibit a maximum. Since spin-glass behavior is strongly affected by external magnetic fields, the maximum point moves to lower temperature with increasing $H_{max}$. The appearance of the maximum in $H_{c}$ has been discussed in terms of the change of the spin-glass state in the external magnetic field. When the value of $H_{max}$ is 55 kOe, the temperature dependence of $H_{c}$ has no maximum and shows an exponential decrease with increasing temperature. Similar trends have been observed over a wide concentration range. The concentration dependence of $H_{c}$ is associated with the magnetic phase diagram.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2010

본 연구는 최근 심미수복에 흔히 사용되는 IPS e.max Press와 각종 레진 시멘트간의 결합강도를 알아보고자 하였다. 직경 12mm, 높이 3mm의 원반형 IPS e.max Press 시편을 제조사의 지시에 따라 만들어 초음파로 세척하여 자가중합 아크릴릭 레진에 포매하였다. 플라스틱 튜브를 사용하여 직경 4.5mm, 높이 3mm의 40개의 원주형 레진 시편을 제작하였다. 각각의 시편은 무작위로 4개의 실험군으로 나뉘고 4 종류의 서로 다른 레진 시멘트(Variolink II(light-cure), Variolink II(dual-cure), Calibra, Super-Bond C&B)를 이용하여 제조사의 지시에 따라 부착하였다. 부착된 시편은 강도 측정 전에 $37^{\circ}C$ 에서 24시간 동안 생리식염수에 보관하였다. 만능시험기를 사용하여 1mm/min 의 crosshead speed로 각 시편에 힘을 가하여 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 측정된 결합강도는 SPSS V12.0을 사용하여 일원배치 분산분석으로 비교 분석하였으며, 사후 검증은 Tukey HSD test를 이용하여 분석하였다. Super-Bond C&B의 전단결합강도는 Calibra, Variolink II(light-cure), Variolink II(dual-cure)에 비해 유의하게 낮은 값을 나타내었다(P<.01). Calibra, Variolink II(light-cure), Variolink II(dual-cure)는 전단결합강도에서 서로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 광중합형과 이원 중합형 레진 시멘트의 전단결합강도는 자가 중합형 시멘트보다 높았다.