• Magazine of RCR
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.44-49
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• 2021

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.280-286
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• 2005

Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) is one of the most effective strategies far long-term removal of greenhouse gas from atmosphere. This paper reviews three projects for the $CO_2$ sequestration in geological formation. A unique $CO_2$ injection into a marine aquifer has been successfully monitored with repeated surface seismic measurements in the North Sea Sleipner West field. The seismic images reveal the extent and internal shape of the $CO_2$ bubble. Massive miscible $CO_2$ has been injected into a complex fractured carbonate reservoir at the Weyburn oil filed. High-resolution time-lapse P-wave data were successfully obtained to map the features of $CO_2$ movements within the two thin zones of different lithology. From the time-lapse crosswell EM imaging at the Lost Hills oil field in central California, U.S.A., the replacement of brine with $CO_2$ has been confirmed through a decrease of conductivity. The conductivity image was successfully compared with induction logs observed in the two wells.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology coupled with underground carbon dioxide sequestration is introduced. $CO_2$ can be injected into an oil reservoir in order to enhance oil production rate and $CO_2$ EOR can be turned into CCS in a long term sense. Coupling $CO_2$ EOR with CCS may secure a large scale and consistent $CO_2$ source for EOR, and the $CO_2$ EOR can bring an additional economic benefit for CCS, since the benefit from enhanced oil production by $CO_2$ EOR will compensate costs for CCS implementation. In this paper, we introduced the characteristics of $CO_2$ EOR technology and its market prospect, and reviewed the Weyburn $CO_2$ EOR project which is the first large-scale $CO_2$ EOR case utilizing an anthropogenic $CO_2$ source. We also introduced geotechnical elements for a successful and economical implementation of $CO_2$ EOR with CCS and they were a miscroseismic monitoring during and after injection of $CO_2$, and determination of minimum miscible pressure (MMP) and maximum injection pressure (MIP) of $CO_2$.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.625-631
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• 2010

The objective of this work was to investigate how carbon sink and sequestration of vegetation and soil in the development project area can impact the land use plan, in addition to carbon emission capacity of the development project when we conduct environmental impact assessment. Especially, we did this work for a development project of solar power plant which would be constructed in forest area. Through this work, we found that 1) the amount of carbon sink and sequestration largely decreased due to reduction of the green area, 2) in terms of carbon sink and sequestration, conservation of natural green area is better than construction of newly vegetated area, 3) biochar application into soil can become an alternative for increase of carbon sink, and 4) even though a solar power production does hugely reduce carbon emissions and offset the carbon sink and sequestration capacity from the forest, it is necessary to consider the public value of the forest(reduction of heat island, habitat etc.) in siting for development area.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.321-327
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• 2003

[ $CO_2$ ] sequestration in oil reservoirs can be one of the most effective strategies for long-term removal of greenhouse gas from atmosphere. This paper presents an advantage of the localized nonlinear approximation of integral equation solutions for inverting crosswell electromagnetic data, which are observed as a part of pilot project of $CO_2$ flooding at the Lost Hills oil field in central California, U.S.A. To monitor the migration of $CO_2$, we have used 2-D cylindrically symmetric and 2.5-D tomographic inversion methods. These two schemes produce nearly the same images if the borehole separation is large compared with the skin depth. However, since the borehole separation is much less than five skin depths in this $CO_2$ injection experiment, the 2.5-D model seems to be more reliable than the 2-D model. In fact, the pre-injection 2.5-D image is more successfully compared with induction logs observed in the two wells than the 2-D model. From the time-lapse crosswell imaging, we can confirm the replacement of brine with $CO_2$ makes a decrease of conductivity.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 2017

As global warming became a worldwide issue, a significant effort has been made on the development of technology related to $CO_2$ capture and storage. Geologic sequestration of $CO_2$ is one of those technologies for safe disposal of $CO_2$. Geologic sequestration stores $CO_2$ in the form of supercritical fluid into the underground site surrounded by solid rock, and concrete is used for prevention of $CO_2$ leakage into the atmosphere. In such case, concrete may experience severe damage by attack of supercritical $CO_2$, and especially in contact with underground water, very aggressive form of carbonation can occur. In this work, to prevent such deterioration in concrete, calcium phosphates were added to the portland cement to produce hydroxyapatite, one of the most stable mineral in the world. Temperature rise, viscosity, set and stiffening, and strength development of cement paste incorporating three different types of calcium phosphates were investigated. According to the results, it was found that the addition of calcium phosphate increased apparent viscosity, but decreased maximum temperature rise and 28 day compressive strength. It was found that monocalcium phosphate was found to be inappropriate for portland cement based material. Applicability of dicalcium and tricalcium phosphates for portland cement needs to be evaluated with further investigation, including the long term compressive strength development.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.260-265
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• 2012

Soil respiration under flooded conditions is considered to be very small compared with aerobic soil respiration of soil organic matter. However, anaerobic decomposition of soil plays a key role in carbon cycling in flooded ecosystems. On the other hand, coal-ash wastes, such as fly ash and bottom ash, are known to function as a soil amendment for mitigating $CO_2$ emission and enhancing carbon sequestration in up land soils. In this study, we investigated bottom ash as a soil amendment for mitigating $CO_2$ emission, and thus enhancing carbon sequestration under anaerobic conditions. We observed that amendment of bottom ash without external organic source led to significant reduction in $CO_2$ emission rate and in total cumulative $CO_2$ emission flux over the incubation period, which was proportional to the amount of bottom ash applied. We also found that soil microbial biomass increased in response to application of bottom ash. These results suggest that bottom ash can be utilized to store $CO_2$ as a stable soil organic carbon in flooded ecosystems, as in aerobic situations.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2005

The heat treatment of serpentines for mineral carbonation was studied systematically. Crystallographic, spectroscopic and thermochemical properties were investigated for serpentines before and after heat treatment. Drastic weight loss due to the removal of hydroxy groupe(-OH) occupied in serpentine crystalline was revealed after heat treatment. In XPS results, MgO was founded at heat treated serpentine powders while Mg(OH) was observed at untreated serpentine powders. Metallic oxides originated from serpentine ingredients were regenerated by heat treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.2 s.25
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• pp.157-163
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• 2006

The scenario of $CO_2$ disposal in the deep-sea are thought to be possible method to reduce atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations. However, it is necessary to clarify the effects of elevated $CO_2$ concentrations on both marine organisms and marine ecosystems. In this paper the literatures on the biological impact of elevated $CO_2$ concentrations in seawater and recent studies on the effects of elevated $CO_2$ concentrations on marine animals are reviewed. Elevated $CO_2$ concentrations may affect the physiological functions of marine animals such as acid-base regulation, blood oxygen transport and respiratory system, and ultimately lead to the death of marine animals. Although the fish used in the early studies on $CO_2$ effects are temperate, shallow-water species, deep-sea species should be experimented for the future study on $CO_2$ sequestration in the deep ocean.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.83-90
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• 2016

Despite the ability of biochar to enhance soil fertility and to mitigate greenhouse gas, its carbon sequestration and profit analysis with arable land application have been a few evaluated. This study was conducted to estimate carbon sequestration and to evaluate profit of greenhouse gas mitigation during corn cultivation periods. For the experiment, the biochar application rates were consisted of pig compost(non application), 2,600(0.2%), 13,000(1%), and 26,000(2%) kg/ha based on pig compost application. For predicting soil carbon sequestration of biochar application, it was appeared to be linear model of Y = 0.5523X - 742.57 ($r^2=0.939^{**}$). Based on this equation, soil carbon sequestration by 0.2, 1 and 2% biochar application was estimated to be 1,235, 3,978, and 14,794 kg/ha, and their mitigations of $CO_2$-eq. emissions were estimated to be 4.5, 14.6, and 54.2 ton/ha, respectively. Their profits were estimated at $14.6 for lowest and $452 for highest. In Korea Climate Exchange, it was estimated that the market price of $CO_2$ in corn cultivation periods with 0.2, 1 and 2% biochar application was $35.6, $115.3 and $428.2 per hectare, respectively. For the plant growth response, it was observed that plant height and fresh ear yield were not significantly different among the treatments. Therefore, these experimental results might be fundamental data for assuming a carbon trading mechanism exists for biochar soil application in agricultural practices.