• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1321-1328
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• 2019

Intermediate-wavelength solar radiation, also known as ultraviolet B (UVB: 290-320 nm) radiation, may cause premature aging and oxidative damage-dependent skin cancer in humans. UVB-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-often a consequence of excessive exposure to these rays-could activate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-1 and MMP-3. These enzymes break down type I collagen in human fibroblasts. In this study, we assessed the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of ethyl acetate extract of blueberry (EEB). An antioxidant test in blueberries evaluated ROS production using CCD-986sk cells and DPPH assay. In order to evaluate the anti-wrinkle efficacy of blueberries, the MMP-1 production and type 1 procollagen synthesis evaluated and the expression of MMP 1, 3 were tested through Western blot and RT- PCR. EEB exhibited 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and reduced the production of UVB-induced ROS. Also, EEB inhibited UVB-induced processes associated with photoaging and skin cancer, such as reduction in procollagen production and increase in MMP-1 production. More precisely, EEB (50 ㎍/ml) markedly suppressed mRNA and protein levels of MMP-1 and -3. The anti-aging effects are attributable to the antioxidant activity of EEB. These findings indicate that EEB has a protective effect against UVB-induced aging in human fibroblast cells by regulating the levels of type-1 procollagen, MMP-1, and MMP-3.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.173-180
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• 2015

In the present study, antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibition of Perilla frutescens, Houttuynia cordata and Camellia sinensis extracts and the extract mixtures (PHC) were investigated. PHC showed 80.2% and 98.0% of free radical scavenging activity in DPPH and ABTS analysis, respectively, and 50% tyrosinase inhibition in $1000{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. HaCaT cells did not show cell toxicity in $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the PHC. Furthermore, HaCaT cell viability by co-culture with extract H. cordata was increased more than 10% compared with untreated cells. However, the cell viability was decreased in $500{\mu}g/mL$ of the extract C. sinensis and the PHC. These results suggested that about $100{\mu}g/mL$ concentration of the PHC showed proper tyrosinase inhibitory effect and antioxidant activities. The PHC could be used as multifunctional cosmeceutical agents.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.834-841
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of hot water extracts of Ligularia fischeri cultivated in Youngyanggun. We obtained hot water extract (HWE) and cold water extract (CWE) from L. fischeri. The anti-oxidative activities of L. fischeri extracts were measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. The anti-inflammatory effects of L. fischeri were evaluated in human mast cell line-1 (HMC-1) cells stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate plus A23187 (PMACI). The solid yields of HWE was 150% higher than CWE solid yield. Total polyphenol contents of HWE were $198.07{\pm}0.24mg/g$. The value of anti-oxidative activities of HWE were shown $IC_{50}$ $28.2{\pm}0.04ug/mL$. We showed that HWE significantly reduced the PMACI-induced the production of IL-6 (0.01-1 mg/mL), IL-8 (0.1-1 mg/mL), and $TNF-{\alpha}$ (0.01-1 mg/mL). These results indicate that the HWE of L. fischeri can be used as a functional material due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.44-55
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate biological effects of Euiiin-tang(Y$\grave{i}$y$\check{i}$r$\acute{e}$n-t$\bar{a}$ng) extracts by extraction methods. Methods: To investigate the effects of anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activity, we measured DPPH radical scavenging assay, collagenase inhibition assay and COX-2 inhibition assay. Results: In case of measuring anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of Euiiin-tang(Y$\grave{i}$y$\check{i}$r$\acute{e}$n-t$\bar{a}$ng) by collagenase and COX-2 inhibition activity, it came out that Euiiin-tang(Y$\grave{i}$y$\check{i}$r$\acute{e}$n-t$\bar{a}$ng) was unable to inhibit collagenase, but was effective to inhibit COX-2. Cytotoxicity analysis of Euiiin-tang(Y$\grave{i}$y$\check{i}$r$\acute{e}$n-t$\bar{a}$ng) extracts by MTT assay principles, there was no cytotoxicity in aqueous and 50% ethanol extracts in any level of concentration. Conclusions: This results suggest that Euiiin-tang(Y$\grave{i}$y$\check{i}$r$\acute{e}$n-t$\bar{a}$ng) extracts have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.24-33
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• 2019

The physicochemical characteristics of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) cultivated using liquid spawn (MLS) were compared with those of commercial mushrooms cultivated using solid spawn. The color intensity of the two types of mushrooms showed no remarkable difference. The hardness of the MLS-cultivated mushrooms was significantly higher, but their moisture content (86.80%) was significantly lower than that of the commercial mushrooms. Mineral contents in MLS-cultivated mushrooms (421.17 mg/100 g) were significantly higher than those in the commercial mushrooms (333.26-362.78 mg/100 g); in particular, the potassium (K) content was the most abundant in the former. The amino acid content in the MLS-cultivated mushrooms (4,695.22 mg/100 g) was about 1.4-2.0 times that in the commercial mushrooms. The essential amino acid contents and sum of aspartic acid and glutamic acid were higher in the MLS-cultivated mushrooms than in the commercial mushrooms. The ${\beta}-glucan$ content in the MLS-cultivated mushrooms was 1.1-2.3 times higher than that in the commercial mushrooms. The total phenol and flavonoid contents and the DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities of the MLS-cultivated mushrooms were significantly higher than those of the commercial mushrooms; however, the reducing power showed an opposite trend. Therefore, MLS-cultivated mushrooms contained higher amounts of valuable components and higher antioxidant activities than commercial mushrooms.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2009

Purpose: Oxidative stress was thought to play a critical role in neurodegenerative disease. Many in vivo and in vitro reports explained the possible pathway of human aging. But in therapeutic aspects, there was no clear answers to prevent aging associated with neural diseases. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of the Insamyangyung-tang (IYT). Methods: To estimate the antioxidant effects, we carried out 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, 2,2'-azinobis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay, and measurement of total polyphenolic content. To evaluate neuroprotective effect of IYT in vitro. We performed thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) creation in SH-SY5Y. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunocytochemistry, nitric oxide (NO) assay, and TNF-${\alpha}$ assay in primary rat mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. Results: The $IC_{50}$ values were $571.6{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $202.3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in DPPH and ABTS assay respectively. Total polyphenolic content was 1.05%. In SH-SY5Y culture, IYT significantly increased the decreased cell viability by 6-OHDA at the concentrations of $10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in pre-treatment group, $10-100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in post-treatment group, and $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in co-treatment group. The production of ROS induced by 6-OHDA was significantly inhibited in IYT treated group. In mesencephalic dopaminergic cell culture, the IYT group reduced the dopaminergic cell loss against 6-OHDA toxicity and the production of No and TNF-${\alpha}$ at the concentration of $0.2{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Conclusion: These results showed that IYT has antioxidant and neuroprotectctive effects in the dopaminergic cells through decreasing the production of ROS, NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ which can cause many neurodegenerative changes in brain cell.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.384-390
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• 2009

Extraction characteristics of citron (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) seeds and functional properties of corresponding extract were monitored by response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum extraction yield of 20.23% was obtained at extraction temperature of $50.23^{\circ}C$, extraction time of 3.03 hr, and shaking velocity of 400.06 rpm. At extraction temperature, extraction time, and shaking velocity of $49.88^{\circ}C$, 2.72 hr, and 400.39 rpm, respectively, maximum polyphenol content was 4.37 mg/g. At extraction temperature, extraction time, and shaking velocity of $50.28^{\circ}C$, 3.42 hr, and 399.96 rpm, respectively, maximum electron donating ability (EDA) was 49.69%. Maximum nitrite scavenging activity (NSA) was 47.79% at extraction temperature, extraction time, and shaking velocity of $49.19^{\circ}C$, 0.68 hr, and 602.95 rpm, respectively. Based on superimposition of 3-dimensional RSM with respect to extraction yield, polyphenol, EDA, and NSA, optimum ranges of extraction conditions were extraction temperature of $50^{\circ}C$, extraction time of about 3 hr, and shaking velocity of 400 rpm.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Objectives : The main aim of this study was to examine the LC-MS/MS used to identify phenolic compounds of CRE(Coptidis Rhizoma 70% EtOH Extract). Also, we investigated antioxidative activities and Anti-inflammatory activities. Methods : LC-MS/MS Analysis HPLC and LC-MS/MS were performed on a 1260 series HPLC system (Agilent Technologies, Inc., California, USA) and 3200 QTrap tandem mass system (Sciex LLC) operated in positive ion mode (spray voltage set at -4.5 kV). The solvent used was DW and Acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid, a gradient system was used at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min for analysis, and a Prontosil C18 column (length, 250 mm; inner diameter, 4.6 mm; particle size, 5 ㎛; Phenomenex Co., Ltd., California, USA, Biochoff Chromatography) was used. The solvent conditions used in the mobile phases were 0-10 min at 10-15% B, 10-20 min at 20% B, 20-30 min at 25%, 30-40 min at 40%, 40-50 min at 70%, 50-60 min at 95%, and 60-70 min at 95%. The analysis was performed at a wavelength of 284 nm and a temperature of 35℃. The cell viability was measured using a 3-(4,5-dimethyethiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. We examined the effects of CRE on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in a RAW 264.7 cells Results : The chemical analysis CRE by Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) confirmed that Rosmarinic acid, Ferrulic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid as phenolic components. DPPH radical scavenging activity was the inhibitory activity of CRE showed at 200 ㎍/mL a statistically significant level. MTT assay demonstrated that the CRE did not have a cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Also, CRE reduced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. Conclusions : Based on these findings, The chemical analysis 4 major components CRE such as Rosmarinic acid, Ferrulic acid, 3-O-feruloylquinic acid, and 5-O-feruloylquinic acid. Moreover, we confirmed that CRE has effects antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The results demonstrate that CRE can be used as an antioxidant and a powerful chemopreventive ingredient against inflammatory diseases.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2009

Radish sprout was packaged with different materials. PO and PC are both hard case PET(polyethylenterephthalate) and has 6 holes and no holes, respectively. LO, LM and LH are anti-fogging OPP(oriented polypropylene) film which have different oxygen transmission rates. The oxygen concentration and weight loss rate in PO packaged were higher than any other packages. The soluble solid contents of radish sprouts packaged with PO showed much increased during storage. The pH increased during storage but pH of the samples packaged with high oxygen transmission rate was relatively low. Radish sprouts in LO had lower b value as compared to other samples. The result of ${\Delta}E$ value was generally high during storage period, especially at 7 days storage. The contents of total polyphenolic compounds and free radical scavenging activity of radish sprout packaged with PC and LO were high. Total aerobic bacteria of sprouts in PC and LO was much higher than others. The result of organoleptic qualities showed that the radish sprouts packaged with LM had a good score in terms of overall acceptability until 7 days storage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.1799-1805
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• 2015

Rice vinegar (RV) is primarily made from fermented rice or rice wine in Korea, China, and Japan. Ten commercially available naturally-fermented rice vinegars produced in Korea (KRV1~4), China (CRV1~2), and Japan (JRV1~4) were comparatively investigated for their physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities. KRV showed a significantly higher total acidity range (5.07~6.27) than both CRV (4.67~4.84) and JRV (4.64~4.84). These acidity ranges corresponded with respective standards of each country: Korea (Food Code), China (GB), and Japan (JAS). Six different organic acids were detected in RVs; acetic acid and succinic acid were the most prominent. Thirty different amino acids were detected in RVs, and main identified amino acids were alanine (KRV), phenylalanine and aspartic acid (CRV), and leucine and alanine (JRV). ${\gamma}-Aminobutyric$ acid was detected at high concentration in KRV1. KRV1 showed maximum total phenolic content, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of samples were also determined with significantly increasing tendency. KRV1 (produced from brown rice with aging period of >1 year) exhibited the highest free amino acid content and antioxidant activity as compared to CRV and JRV.