• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.78-86
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• 2013

지구온난화의 원인인 $CO_2$를 줄이기 위한 연구들이 전(全) 산업분야에서 활발하게 진행되고 있는 가운데, 건설분야에서도 $CO_2$의 발생을 최소화하려는 연구들이 다양하게 추진되고 있다. $CO_2$ 발생량 최소화를 위한 연구는 $CO_2$ 배출량을 기반으로 하고 있는데 $CO_2$배출량을 산정하는 방법은 크게 연료사용량 대비 탄소배출계수를 이용한 방법, LCA기반 방법론 그리고 산업연관표를 이용한 방법으로 나뉜다. 특히 연료사용량을 기반으로 탄소배출계수를 이용하는 방법은 IPCC 에서 3가지 방법(Tier1~Tier3)을 권장하고 있다. 이 중 현재 가장 많이 활용되고 있는 방법이 Tier1으로서 연료사용량과 탄소배출계수만을 이용하는 방법이다. 그러나 이 방법은 차종별 이동거리가 반영되지 않을 뿐 아니라 주행환경 등의 반영이 안되기 때문에 정확한 $CO_2$배출량을 산정할 수 없다. 특히 건설프로젝트 는 프로젝트의 특성에 따라 이산화탄소 배출량은 달라질 수 있다. 하지만 현재의 방법으로는 이러한 차이를 제대로 반영할 수 없다. 따라서 개별 프로젝트의 특성을 반영하여 이산화탄소 배출량을 산정하는 방법론이 필요하며 이러한 방법론의 가장 핵심은 에너지를 사용하는 건설장비의 이산화탄소 배출량을 직접 측정하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 건설과정에서 발생하는 이산화탄소의 배출량 산정방법론을 개발하기 위한 연구로서 건설장비의 이산화탄소 배출량을 실시간으로 측정할 수 있는 방법의 제안을 목적으로 한다.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2012

BIM and its quantity take-off widely apply to the construction projects and LCCO2 Assessment using the BIM's quantity take-off function can be tried recently. Because BIM modeling programs such as Revit and ArchiCAD do not provide adequate library for LCCO2 Assessment, quantity take-off data should be conversed and applied to Carbon Emission Coefficient using Excel program or manual work. Therefore, the purpose of this research is 1) to propose the Unit Conversion Systems for Carbon Emission Coefficient, 2) to provide basic library sets for BIM based LCCO2 Assessment method, and 3) to apply 11 material library sets on a apartment unit plan modeling to pursue the CO2 emission evaluation of the material production in the process of LCCO2 Assessment. Research results showed CO2 emission amount of 458.64kgCO2/m2 from the apartment unit plan modeling.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.705-715
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• 2013

This Paper presented the reduction methods of $CO_2$ emission from ships during voyage. In order to decrease $CO_2$ emission during voyage the equation was established and conducted the study about the relationship between ship speed, the propulsive efficiency and its $CO_2$ production. The results obtained from the examinations are as follows : 1. $CO_2$ emission from sailing ships can be decreased by reducing specific fuel oil consumption of main diesel engine, coefficient of total resistance and ship speed and also by increasing propeller efficiency. 2. Diesel-electric propulsion system is more effective than diesel-mechanical system to decrease the level of $CO_2$ emission during long voyage. 3. Good condition of ship's hull surface, rudder and propeller's surface can decrease the quantity of fuel oil and $CO_2$ emission by reducing the resistance of ship that can rise the propeller efficiency 4. $CO_2$ emitted from ships can be decreased in a global scale by giving attention to the synthetic transport efficiency.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2014

In this study, the researchers have developed the greenhouse gas emission coefficients targeted at sewage sludge incineration plants that treat sewage sludge by incineration. Among the gases emitted from the sewage sludge incineration plants, the greenhouse gases showed concentrations of 6.84% for $CO_2$, 4.51 ppm for $CH_4$, and 86.34 ppm for $N_2O$; calculated into greenhouse gas emission coefficients, these gave $276.06kg\;CO_2/ton$, $0.0066kg\;CH_4/ton$, and $0.35kg\;N_2O/ton$. As the result of calculating the greenhouse gas emission quantity in sewage sludge incineration plants using the greenhouse gas emission coefficients, the gross greenhouse gas emission was $84.63ton\;CO_2\;eq./day$, and the net emission was $23.90ton\;CO_2\;eq./day$; this was $37.52ton\;CO_2\;eq./day$ less than the net greenhouse gas emission that was calculated using the standard values of IPCC, which was $61.42ton\;CO_2\;eq./day$. This difference is probably because unlike the standard values of IPCC, the greenhouse gas emission coefficients of this study reflected the special properties of subject facilities. Thus, it is thought that emission coefficient research on the facilities that deviated from the standard values of IPCC should continue to achieve the development of national greenhouse gas coefficient that reflects the special properties of Korea.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.58-74
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• 2021

Purpose - This paper research on the embodied carbon emission in Sino-Korea trade. It calculates and analyzes the carbon emission coefficient and specific carbon emissions in Sino-Korea trade from 2005 to 2014. Design/methodology - This paper conducted an empirical analysis for embodied carbon emission in Sino-Korea trade during the years 2005-2014, using a multi-region input-output model. First, direct and complete CO2 emission coefficient of the two countries were calculated and compared. On this basis, combined with the world input-output table, the annual import and export volume and sector volume of embodied carbon emission are determined. Then through the comparative analysis of the empirical results, the reasons for the carbon imbalance in Sino-Korea trade are clarified, and the corresponding suggestions are put forward according to the environmental protection policies being implemented by the two countries. Findings - The results show that South Korea is in the state of net trade export and net embodied carbon import. The carbon emission coefficient of most sectors in South Korea is lower than that of China. However, the reduction of carbon emission coefficient in China is significantly faster than that in South Korea in this decade. The change of Korea's complete CO2 emission coefficient shows that policy factors have a great impact on environmental protection. The proportion of intra industry trade between China and South Korea is relatively large and concentrated in mechanical and electrical products, chemical products, etc. These sectors generally have large carbon emissions, which need to be noticed by both countries. Originality/value - To the best knowledge of the authors, this study is the first attempt to research the embodied carbon emission of ten consecutive years in Sino-Korea Trade. In addition, In this paper, some mathematical methods are used to overcome the error problem caused by different statistical caliber in different databases. Finally, the accurate measurement of carbon level in bilateral trade will provide some reference for trade development and environmental protection.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2011

This study proposes a $CO_2$ emission reduction method through correlation analysis of a sample building. First, energy saving factors of heating, cooling, lighting were determined for the correlation analysis and $CO_2$ emission contribution rate of the design parameters have been analyzed. Then optimal combination of each design parameter has been drawn. Heat transfer coefficient of walls and windows, air permeability, windows area ratio, and shading devices were selected as applicable energy saving factors of the sample building. Also computer simulation was conducted using experimental design by Orthogonal Arrays of the statistical method. And the contribution rate was estimated by Analysis of Variance-ANOVA. As a result, the $CO_2$ emission in heating was reduced to 51.9%; in cooling to 16.8%; and in lighting to 2% compared to the existing building. The majority of the reduction was presented by heating energy.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.657-665
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• 2010

Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) is known to be a major greenhouse gas partially emitted from waste combustion facilities. According to the greenhouse gas emission inventory in Korea, the quantity of the gas emitted from waste sector in 2005 represents approximately 2.5 percent of all domestic greenhouse gas emission. Currently, the emission rate of greenhouse gas from the waste sector is relatively constant partly because of both the reduced waste disposal in landfills and the increased amounts of waste materials for recycling. However, the greenhouse gas emission rate in waste sectors is anticipated to continually increase, mainly due to increased incineration of solid waste. The objective of this study was to analyze the property of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and estimate $CO_2$ emissions from domestic MSW incineration facilities. The $CO_2$ emission rates obtained from the facilities were surveyed, along with other two methods, including Tier 2a based on 2006 IPCC Guideline default emission factor and Tier 3 based on facility specific value. The $CO_2$ emission rates were calculated by using $CO_2$ concentrations and gas flows measured from the stacks. Other parameters such as waste composition, dry matter content, carbon content, oxidation coefficient of waste were included for the calculation. The $CO_2$ average emission rate by the Tier 2a was 34,545 ton/y, while Tier 3 was 31,066 ton/y. Based on this study, we conclude that Tier 2a was overestimated by 11.2 percent for the $CO_2$ emission observed by Tier 3. Further study is still needed to determine accurate $CO_2$ emission rates from municipal solid waste incineration facilities and other various combustion facilities by obtaining country-specific emission factor, rather than relying on IPCC default emission factor.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.55-81
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• 2007

CGE모형을 이용하여 우리나라를 포함한 OECD 국가와 중국, 브라질 등 18개 국가를 대상으로 다양한 비율의 $CO_2$ 저감량이 할당되는 경우 그에 따라 예상되는 국가별 GDP손실액을 추정하고 그 결과를 이용하여 각국의 $CO_2$ 저감에 따른 총비용곡선, 한계비용곡선, 평균비용곡선의 형태를 비교하였다. 대다수 국가의 총비용곡선, 한계비용곡선 그리고 평균비용곡선은 우상 향하는 형태를 나타내었으나 국가별로 실행가능한 저감영역이 다르고 또 각 함수의 기울기와 절편 등이 다르게 나타났다. 향후 post-kyoto 온실가스감축 의무부담방안 협상 시 온실가스 저감에 따른 각국의 GDP손실액 유형을 고려하여 우리나라와 비슷한 패턴을 가지고 있는 국가들과 공동으로 의무부담방안을 모색하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.215-216
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• 2012

Emissions of CO₂ occur during the production of cement manufacturing process. During the production of clinker, limestone is mainly calcium carbonate, is heated to produce lime and CO₂ as a by-product. It has a major problem, CO₂ uptake is not considered in concrete carbonation, just focus in CO₂ emission. This study is to develop a simulation model for CO₂ uptakes in concrete structures based on carbonation reduction coefficient considering finishing materials. CO₂ uptakes unit of concrete cubic meter is calculated by CO₂ emissions unit of concrete materials and usage of concrete materials in mix proportion. From the simulation result, CO₂ uptake ratios is 2.04 percent in carbonation models of concrete structure during 40 years.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.999-1009
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 실제 지하구조물에 사용되었던 제원과 배합에 대하여, 자재생산단계, 운송단계, 시공단계, 탄소저장량, 보수단위 탄소배출량을 고려하여 RC 지하구조물의 탄소배출 및 흡수량을 내구수명에 따라 평가하였다. 혼화재료를 포함한 4가지 배합이 고려되었고, 마이크로 모델을 이용하여 이산화탄소 확산계수를 도출하였다. 탄산화 내구한계상태를 고려하여 탄소 배출 및 흡수량을 평가하였는데, 단위 시멘트량이 높은 배합에서 초기탄소배출량이 높게 평가되었으며, 탄산화 진행속도가 증가함에 따라 이산화탄소 저장량은 증가하였다. 또한 대기 중의 이산화탄소 농도인 실측치(600ppm)이외에 다양한 이산화탄소 농도를 고려하여 RC 지하구조물의 탄소배출 및 흡수량을 평가하였다. 이산화탄소 농도의 증가로 탄산화 진행속도가 증가함에 따라 보수횟수가 증가하여 탄소배출량이 높게 평가되었다. 사용수명동안 전체 탄소 발생량을 감소하기 위해서는 OPC사용을 통해 탄소 흡착량을 늘리는 것보다 플라이애쉬와 같은 혼화재료를 치환하여 초기 탄소배출량을 줄이는 것이 결정적이다. OPC 생산시 과다한 $CO_2$가 발생하고 사용중의 탄소 흡착은 피복콘크리트에 국한하여 큰 효과를 나타내지 못하기 때문이다.