• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제29권7호
• /
• pp.360-365
• /
• 2017

Recently, development efforts of triple-effect absorption chiller have been increased in order to improve the efficiency of double-effect absorption chiller. However, triple-effect absorption chiller has some disadvantages, including high corrosion characteristic of LiBr solution at high temperature of $200^{\circ}C$. Moreover, it is necessary to develop new components for operation under high pressure of 2 bars even though COP is increased to 1.6 or 1.7. The objective of this study was to introduce a new system by combining double effect absorption chiller with single effect absorption chiller with multi-generators using bypass flow of LiBr dilute solution to $3^{rd}$ generator to overcome the disadvantages of triple-effect chiller and improve energy efficiency. Results indicate that the new absorption cycle had a much higher efficiency than double-effect chiller system, showing significant improvement when bypass solution flow rate of 25% was applied to the $3^{rd}$ generator using the main dilute solution of the absorber. The COP of the new chiller system was found to be 1.438, which was 21.7% higher than that (1.18) of the present double-effect system. The COP was decreased when solution by-pass rate to the $3^{rd}$ generator was increased. In addition, lower cooling water temperature caused higher COP. Therefore, the multi-generator system with by-pass solution might be an excellent chiller alternative to triple-effect absorption chiller with higher efficiency.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.217-224
• /
• 2003

To find out heating load and to determine the power of heat pump compressor for the Ondol room heating the COP of heat pump, the variation of Ondol room air temperature, the variation of ambient temperature and power consumption of heat pump are analyzed. The results from this study were summarized as follows: 1. The COP of the heat pump in close loop decreased as the ambient air temperature. The COP was 2.26 when the temperature difference of condenser was $20\pm3^{\circ}C$. 2. The Ondol surface temperature was $25\pm3^{\circ}C$ when the hot water of $40^{\circ}C$ was supplied from hot water storage tank to the Ondol and the temperature difference between the Ondol surface and the room air temperature was $7~8^{\circ}C$. 3. The ratio of thermal conduction heating load to total heating load in Ondol heating space was found to be 83% and ratio of ventilation heating load was 17%. Therefore, the thermal conduction heating load was confirmod to be a major heating load in Ondol heating space. 4. In case of the ambient temperature of $3.2^{\circ}C$, the efficiency of heat exchange of Ondol heating system was 85%. 5. The heating load per Ondol heating surface area and volume of Ondol room space were theoretically analyzed. In case of the room temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and the ambient temperature of $-3.2~3.8^{\circ}C$, the heating load per Ondol surface area was 115.8~167.6kJ/h ㆍ㎥ and per Ondol mom space volume was 50.2~72.7kJ/h ㆍ㎥. 6. The compressor power of heat pump fur the Ondol room heating could be determined with the heating load analyzed in this study In case of the Ondol room air temperature of 17~2$0^{\circ}C$ and the ambient temperature of -5~3.8$^{\circ}C$, the compressor power of heat pump per Ondol surface area was analyzed to be $2.3\times10^{-2}psm^2$, and per volume of Ondol room space $1.0\times10^{-2}1.4\times10^{-2}ps/m^2$ps.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.90-95
• /
• 2008

수직형에 비해 비교적 가격이 저렴하고 냉난방을 동시에 할 수 있는 농업시설에 적합한 10RT 규모의 수평형 지열히트펌프 시스템을 $240m^2$ 면적의 온실에 설치하고, 이 시스템의 냉방성능을 분석하였다. 응축기 출구온도가 $40^{\circ}C$에서 $58^{\circ}C$로 상승함에 따라 소비전력은 11.5kW에서 15kw로 상승하였으며, 고압이 1,617kpa에서 2,450kPa로 변화하였다. 냉방성능계수는 지중온도 $25.5^{\circ}C$에서 2.7 수준이었으며 지온이 상승함에 따라 하강하여 $33.5^{\circ}C$에서 2.0 수준이었다. 또한 온실 내부로부터 흡수하는 열량(냉방열량)은 같은 지중온도 수준에서 각각 28.8kW, 26.5kW이었다. 가동 8시간 후 지열교환기가 설치된 60cm깊이의 지온은 $14.3^{\circ}C$가 상승하였으며 150cm는 $15.3^{\circ}C$가 상승하였다. 반면 지열교환기가 매설되지 않은 60cm 깊이는 2.4, 150cm 깊이는 $4.3^{\circ}C$의 지온상승을 보였다. 열매 체유가 지열교환기를 통과한 후 평균 $7.5^{\circ}C$의 온포가 하강하였으며, 토양온도가 평균 $27.5^{\circ}C$ 수준에서 토양으로 방출하는 열량은 평균 46kw로 지중열교환기의 단위 길이 당 약 36.8W의 열량을 방출하는 것으로 분석되었다. 팬코일 유닛이 온실로부터 흡수하는 냉방 열량은 평균 28.2kW이었으며, 열매체유의 온도는 $4.2^{\circ}C$ 상승하였다. 축열조내 열전달매체유의 온도가 $26.0^{\circ}C$에서 $2.0^{\circ}C$까지 하강하는데 3시간이 소요되었으며, 평균 축열율은 29.7kW, 총 축열량은 321MJ이었다. 또한 $2.0^{\circ}C$까지 냉열을 축열한 후 $25.4^{\circ}C$까지 방열되는 시간은 외기온이 평균 $28.5^{\circ}C$일 때 4시간이었고, 총 313.0MJ의 에너지가 방열되었으며, 이때 평균 방열율은 21.7kW인 것으로 분석되었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.756-761
• /
• 2012

천연가스는 $-160^{\circ}C$까지 냉각 및 액화되어 액화천연가스(LNG)가 되고, 이때 LNG의 체적은 천연 가스의 1/600로 줄어든다. 이로 인해 LNG는 수송시에 이점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 천연가스 액화용 초저온 캐스케이드 냉동사이클의 LNG 열교환기내 냉매와 천연가스의 압력강하가 액화사이클에 미치는 영향을 파악한 후, LNG 열교환기 설계시 압력강하에 대한 기준안을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 HYSYS를 이용하여 초저온 캐스케이드 액화사이클 내 LNG 열교환기의 압력강하에 대해서 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 초저온 액화사이클의 압축일량과 성능계수(COP)의 증가로부터, LNG 열교환기 내의 압력강하는 50 kPa정도를 기준 설계 압력강하로 설정할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 2007

Geothermal heat pump systems use the earth as a heat source in heating mode and a heat sink in cooling mode. These systems can be used for heating or cooling systems in farm facilities such as greenhouses for protected horticulture, cattle sheds, mushroom house, etc. A horizontal type means that a geothermal heat exchanger is laid in the trench buried in 1.2 to 1.8 m depth. Because a horizontal type has advantages of low installation, operation and maintenance costs compared to a vertical type, it is easy to be adopted to agriculture. In this study, to heat and cool farm facilities and obtain basic data for practical application of horizontal geothermal heat pump systems in agriculture, a horizontal geothermal heat pump system of 10 RT scale was installed in greenhouse. Heating performance of this system was estimated. The horizontal geothermal heat pump used in this study had heating COP of 4.57 at soil temperature of 14$^{\circ}C$ for depth of 1.75m and heating COP of 3.75 at soil temperature of 7$^{\circ}C$ for the same depth. The stratification of water temperature in heat tank appeared during the whole heat rejection period.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2003

The goal of this paper is to measure and compare the performance of solar heat pump for refrigerants. To accomplish the goal, solar heat pump with aluminum roll bond type evaporator and indoor heat exchanged(condenser) was built. The test results showed that the COP and heating capacity of HFC-32/125/134a(23/25/52 wt%, $CH_2F_2/CF_3CHF_2/CF_3CH_2F$) were higher than those of HCFC-22$(CHClF_2)$. A study proved that best conditions to use heating system that is about $40m^2$ and $80m^2$. The COP range of the whole system was from 4 to 6 according to the solar collector's area variation. Hydrochlo-rofluorocarbon HCFC-22$(CHClF_2)$ is included in the compound to be controlled. HFC-32/125/134a(23/25/52 wt%, $CH_2F_2/CF_3CHF_2/CF_3CH_2F$) is the most suitable replacement HCFC-22$(CHClF_2)$ in solar heat pump application. The solar heat pump system was designed to show the best efficiency that the room temperature make $18\sim20^{\circ}C$ and $23\sim25^{\circ}C$ in Seoul during the fall season.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 1999년도 동계 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.211-218
• /
• 1999

The ambient air is commonly used as low-temperature heat sources for heat pump operation. However, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the air -water heat pump is decreased with the ambient air temperature drop. In this study to solve this problem , the AVACTHE(Automatic Variable Area Capillary Type Heat Exchanger) with 3 levels of heat exchange area(0, 1495.4, 1794.5$\textrm{cm}^2$) was installed in the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump. The AVACTHE effect on the performance of heat pump was tested with the ambient air temperature variation. The high level COP of the heat pump could be achieved by the AVACTHE installation when below -5$^{\circ}C$ of the ambient air temperature.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
• /
• pp.193-198
• /
• 2000

For an inverter-driven compressor, the discharge temperature increased with a rise of frequency, Therefore, it is necessary to control the discharge temperature at high frequencies in order to obtain system reliability and efficiency. This paper describes the effects of liquid injection system on the performance of an inverter-driven scroll compressor. Experiments were performed at ASHRAE-T conditions. Frequency was altered from 45 to 105Hz. As results of the present work, the refrigerant discharge temperature fur the injection system was dropped approximately $10{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ as compared to those for the non-injection system. The COP of the compressor was improved approximately $0.8{\sim}9.3%$ at high frequencies(75, 90, and 105 Hz).

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 1992

수소압축기를 조합한 금속수소화물 히트펌프를 설계하여 이의 성능을 평가할 수 있는 새로운 모델을 제시하고 이를 실험결과와 비교 평가 하였다. 또한 본 모델에서는 카르노사이클에 단열압축과정을 도입하여 여러 조업관수가 성능계수에 미치는 영향을 검토하고 아울러 열역학 제 2법칙에 의한 비가역과정을 도입하므로써 보다 정확한 조업특성을 파악하도록 했다.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.58-63
• /
• 2006

In this study, performance of 2 pure hydrocarbons and 3 mixtures was measured in an attempt to substitute R22 under 3 different temperature conditions. The mixtures were composed of R1270(propylene), R290(propane) and R152a. They were tested in a refrigerating bench tester with a hermetic rotary compressor The test bench provided about 3.5 kW capacity and water and water/glycol mixture were employed as the secondary heat transfer fluids. All tests were conducted under the same external conditions resulting in the average saturation temperatures of $7^{\circ}C/45^{\circ}C$ and $-7^{\circ}C/41^{\circ}C$ and $-21^{\circ}C/28^{\circ}C$ in the evaporator and condenser, respectively. Test results show that the coefficient of performance (COP) of these refrigerants is up to 11.54% higher than that of R22 in all temperature conditions. Compressor discharge temperatures were reduced by $14{\sim}31^{\circ}C$ with these fluids. There was no problem with mineral oil since the mixtures were mainly composed of hydrocarbons. The amount of charge was reduced up to 58% as compared to R22. Overall, these fluids provide good performance with reasonable energy savings without any environmental problem and thus can be used as long term alternatives for residential air-conditioning and heat pumping application.