• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2013

6M-HCl 용매 하에서 헤테로고리 화합물인 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine과 chromium(VI) trioxide의 반응을 통하여 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorochromate[$C_7H_{10}N_2HCrO_3Cl$] 착물을 합성하여, 적외선분광광도법(IR), 유도결합 플라즈마(ICP) 등으로 구조를 확인하였다. 여러 가지 용매 하에서 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorochromate를 이용하여 벤질알코올의 산화반응을 측정한 결과 유전상수(${\varepsilon}$) 값이 큰 용매 즉, 시클로헥센<클로로포름<아세톤$H_2SO_4$)를 이용한 N,N'-디메틸포름아미드 용매 하에서 4-(dimethylamino)pyridinium chlorochromate는 벤질 알코올과 그의 유도체들(p-$OCH_3$, m-$CH_3$, H, m-$OCH_3$, m-Cl, m-$NO_2$)을 효과적으로 산화시켰다. 그리고 전자받개 그룹들은 반응속도가 감소한 반면에 전자주개 치환체들은 반응속도를 증가시켰다. 또한 Hammett 반응상수(${\rho}$) 값은 -0.68(303K) 이었다. 그러므로 본 실험에서 알코올의 산화반응 과정은 속도결정단계에서 수소화 전이가 일어나는 메카니즘임을 알 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.557-562
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• 1999

압축천연가스 자동차에서 배출되는 메탄의 산화를 위한 Pd 촉매의 특성을 조사하였다. 알루미나에 담지된 Pd 촉매와 La과 Ce의 조촉매가 첨가된 촉매들을 함침법으로 제조하였다. 메탄산화 반응은 U-튜브 흐름 반응기에서 공간속도(GHSV)가 $72000h^{-1}$이고 반응온도가 $200{\sim}800^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 실험을 수행하였다. 촉매는 XRD, XPS, BET 표면적 및 수소화학흡착 실험에 의하여 특성화되었다. $Pd/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 촉매 제조시 전구체로 $Pd(NO_3)_2$를 사용하고 $600^{\circ}C$로 소성하였을 때 $CH_4$ 산화의 활성이 가장 높았다. 소성된 $Pd/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 촉매에서 palladium은 대부분 PdO로 존재하였으며, 이것의 메탄 산화 반응 활성이 환원된 촉매에 대부분 존재하는 Pd 금속 보다 높았다. 넓은 범위의 redox ratio에서 실험을 반복하면 $Pd/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 촉매의 활성이 감소하고 높은 활성을 보이는 window 영역이 좁아지는 특성을 보였다. 조촉매로 Ce가 첨가된 촉매는 오히려 메탄 산화 활성이 감소하였으며, 조촉매로 La 이 첨가된 $Pd/La/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 촉매는 담체와 Palladium의 열적 안정성이 향상되어 $1000^{\circ}C$에서 aging된 후에도 우수한 활성을 보였다. 또한 $Pd/La/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 촉매의 NO에 의한 $CH_4$ 제거 반응 특성에서 산소가 존재하지 않는 경우 redox ratio가 1.2 근처에서 메탄이 모두 제거되었으나 산소가 존재하면 메탄 제거율이 크게 감소하였다.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.75-86
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• 1998

쓰레기매립장에서 복토층을 통하여 대기중에 유출하는 가스를 현장에서 단시간내에 측정이 가능한 밀폐형 chamber법을 제시하였다. 또한, 최종복토층에서의 유출가스 실측치를 모델해석으로 모사하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1) 시간변화에 따른 chamber내(H=10-30 cm)의 농도 변화는 30분이내로, G.C의 분석시간을 고려하여 5분단위로 분석한다. 2)메탄산화 반응의 영향으로 $CH_4$/$CO_2$비가 복토층 표면근처에서 급격히 변화한다. 3)매립지 표면의 flux가 F =$10^{-5}$mol/($m^2$.s)일 경우에는 메탄산화반응에 의해 가스조성에의 영향이 있으나, F =$10^{-6}$moll($\textrm{m}^2$.s)의 경우에는 복토층내의 메탄가스 농도가 상대적으로 적으므로 메탄산화반응에의 영향이 적다.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.28-37
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• 2007

Numerical study is conducted to grasp the flame structure and NO emissions for a wide range of oxy-fuel combustion (covering from air blown combustion to pure oxygen combustion) and for various mole fractions of recirculated $CO_2$ in $CH4-O_2/N_2/CO_2$ counterflow diffusion flames. Special concern is given to the difference of the flame structure and NO emissions between air blown combustion and oxy-fuel combustion w/o recirculated $CO_2$ and is also focused on chemical effects of recirculated $CO_2$. Air blown combustion and oxy-fuel combustion w/o recirculated $CO_2$ are shown to be considerably different in the flame structure and NO emissions. Modified fuel oxidation reaction pathways in oxygen-enriched combustion are provided in detail compared to those in air blown combustion w/o recirculated $CO_2$. The formation and destruction of NO through Fenimore and thermal mechanisms are also compared for air blown combustion and oxyegn-enriched combustion w/o recirculated $CO_2$, and the role of the recirculated $CO_2$ and its chemical effects are discussed. Importantly contributing reaction steps to the formation and destruction of NO are also estimated in oxygen-enriched combustion in comparison to air blown combustion.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 2009

Natural gas combustion characteristics of mass produced oxygen carrier particles were investigated in a batch type bubbling fluidized bed reactor. Five particles, NiO/bentonite, OCN601-650, OCN702-1100, OCN703-950, OCN703-1100 were used as oxygen carrier particles. Natural gas and air were used as reactants for reduction and oxidation, respectively. During reduction reaction, high fuel conversion and high $CO_2$ selectivity were achieved for most of oxygen carriers. During oxidation, NO emission was very low. These results indicate that inherent $CO_2$ separation and low NOx combustion are feasible for the natural gas fueled chemical-looping combustion system. Among the five oxygen carriers, OCN703-1100 particle was selected as the best candidate for demonstration of long-term operation in large-scale chemical-looping combustor from the viewpoints of fuel conversion, $CO_2$ selectivity, $CH_4$ concentration, and CO concentration.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.772-779
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• 2011

New type of syngas generator based on the partial oxidation of biogas in volumetric permeable matrix reformers was suggested as an effective, adaptable and relatively simple way of syngas and hydrogen production for various low-scale applications. The use of biogas as an energy source reduces the chance of possible emission of two greenhouse gases, $CH_4$ and $CO_2$, into the atmosphere at the same time. Its nature of being a reproducible energy source makes its use even more attractive. Parametric screening studies were achieved as air ratio, biogas component ratio, input gas temperature, Steam/Carbon ratio. As the air ratio was low, the production of the hydrogen and carbon monoxide increased in the condition that 3D matrix reformer maintains the stable driving. As it was the simulation biogas in which the carbon dioxide content is high, the flammable range became narrow. And the flammable range was extended if the injected gas was preheated. The stable driving was possible in the low air ratio. The amount of hydrogen production was increased as S/C ratio increased.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2019

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a promising carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology whose efficiency and cost primarily relies on the oxygen carrier materials used. In this paper, gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC, Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95) was added as a promoter to improve the oxygen transfer rate of MgMnO3-δ oxygen carrier materials. Increasing GDC content significantly increased the oxygen transfer rate of MgMnO3-δ-GDC composites for the reduction reaction due to an increase in the surface adsorption of CH4 via oxygen vacancies formed on the surface of the GDC. On the other hand, the oxygen transfer rate for the oxidation reaction decreased linearly with increasing GDC content due to the oxygen storage ability of GDC. Adsorbed oxygen molecules preferentially insert themselves into oxygen vacancies of the GDC lattice rather than reacting with (Mg,Mn)O to form MgMnO3-δ during the oxidation reaction.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2021

Climate change problems occur during the use of fossil fuel and the process of biogas production. Research continues to convert carbon dioxide and methane, the major causes of climate change, into high-quality energy sources. in order to present the performance potential for the novel plasma-recuperative burner reformer, the reforming characteristics for each variable were indentified. The optimal operating condition of was an O2/C ratio of 1.0 and a total gas supply of 20 L/min. At this time, CH4 conversion was 64%, H2 selectivity was 39%, and H2/CO ratio was 1.13, which were the results applicable to the solid oxide fuel cell fuel stack for RPG, or Residential Power Generator. Recirculation of reformed gas increases the amount of H2 and CO, which are combustible gases, especially the amount of H2. As a result, the H2 selectivity is improved, and high-quality gas can be produced.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.628-633
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• 2008

ZnO nanopowders were synthesized by the sol-gel method using hydrazine reduction, and their gas responses to 6 gases (200 ppm of $C_2H_5OH$, $CH_3COCH_3$, $H_2$, $C_3H_8$, 100 ppm of CO, and 5 ppm of $NO_2$) were measured at $300\;{\sim}\;400^{\circ}C$. The prepared ZnO nanopowders showed high gas responses to $C_2H_5OH$ and $CH_3COCH_3$ at $400^{\circ}C$. The sensing materials prepared at the compositions of [$ZnCl_2$]:[$N_2H_4$]:[NaOH] = 1:1:1 and 1:2:2 showed particularly high gas responses ($S\;=\;R_a/R_g,\;R_a$ : resistance in air, $R_g$ : resistance in gas) to 200 ppm of $C_2H_5OH$($S\;=\;102.8{\sim}160.7$) and 200 ppm of $CH_3COCH_3$($S\;= 72.6{\sim}166.2$), while they showed low gas responses to $H_2$, $C_3H_8$, CO, and $NO_2$. The reason for high sensitivity to these 2 gases was discussed in relation to the reaction mechanism, oxidation state, surface area, and particle morphology of the sensing materials.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.264-270
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• 1999

Immobilon-AV 친화성 막에 glucose oxidase[EC1.1.3.4](725units/mL)를 고정하여 백금 전극에 부착시킨 전극을 사용하여 glucose를 전류법으로 정량하였다. 이때 glucose가 gluconic acid로 산화될 때 전류를 +0.8V vs. Ag/AgC1에서 측정하였다. 효소 고정화된 막을 부착시킨 전극의 감응 특성은 다음과 같다. 직선 감응범위는 0.2mM에서 20mM이었으며, 정량한계는 10-3 mM이었다. 또한 감응 시간은 12초, 효소 고정화된 막의 최적 pH(CH3COONa/CH3COOH)는 5.5, 그리고 수명은 27일 이였다. 그리고 다른 생리 활성물질의 방해는 없었다. 또한 고구마를 이용하여 AOAC 방법으로 정량한 glucose 측정값을 비교해 본 결과, 그 상대오차는 0.1%였다.