• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.163-169
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• 1984

The transport rates of $K^+$ion through CHCl$_3$ liquid membrane containing dibenzo-18-crown-6(DBC) as a carrier molecule have been determined at $25^{\circ}C$. The transport rates depend highly on the ion concentration and on the nature of anion. It is concluded that $K^+$ions are transported in the form of ion-pair. In the case of potassium picrate, however, it is found that the transport proceeds with the formation of the incomplete ion-pair in the concentration less than 1.0 ${\times}10^{-3}$M of picrate, while with the complete formation of ion-pair in the concentration more than 1.0 ${\times}10^{-3}$M of picrate. Seven steps of the transport process are suggested and they can be illustrated in terms of energy barrier model as a function of the position of ionic species in the membrane.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 1967

A new alkaloid named Spirajine(m.p. 182~$184^{\circ}C$ $[{\alpha}]d^{19}+3.4^{\circ}$ in $CHCl_3$, $C_{23}H_{33}NO_3$, colorless prism) was isolated from the leaves of Spiraea Koreana Nakai (Spiraeceae) (Korean name "Chamjopab namu") which grows in the mountaineous area of Korea, by process of Scheme I (yields 0.13%). Another two unidentified alkaloids (not yet crystallized) were separated by the method of thin layer chromatography. (The Rf values of the two unidentified alkaloids were 0.66, 0.77, respectively and Spirajine 0.72) Spirajine were subjected to the structural investigation with the use of ultra violet and infra red spectrophotometry, and opical rotatory dispersion. The alkaloid contains two ketonic carbonyl groups, tertiary hydroxyl group, methyl groups, N-methyl group and both cyclohexane ring and cyclopentane ring.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.153-157
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• 2012

Obesity, which is characterized by excessive fat accumulation in adipose tissues, occurs by fat absorption by lipase and sequential fat accumulation in adipocyte through adipocyte differentiation. Thus, inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity and adipocyte differentiation would be crucial for the prevention and progression of obesity. In the present study, we attempted to evaluate anti-adipogenic activity of several algae extracts employing preadipocytes cell line, 3T3-L1 as an in vitro assay system. The effects on pancreatic lipase activity in vitro were also evaluated. Total methanolic extracts of Cladophora wrightiana and Costaria costata showed significant inhibitory activity on adipocyte differentiation as assessed by measuring fat accumulation using Oil Red O staining. Related to pancreatic lipase, C. wrightiana and Padina arborescens showed significant inhibition. Further fractionation of C. wrightiana, which showed the most potent activity, suggested that $CHCl_3$ and n-BuOH fraction are responsible for adipocyte differentiation inhibition, whereas n-BuOH and $H_2O$ fraction for pancreatic lipase inhibition. Our study also demonstrated that n-BuOH fraction was effective both in early and middle stage of differentiation whereas $CHCl_3$ fraction was effective only in early stage of differentiation. Taken together, algae might be new candidates in the development of obesity treatment.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.358-361
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• 2007

The heartwoods of Rhus verniciflua was extracted with $H_2O$ and the concentrated extract was partitioned with $CHCl_3$, EtOAc, n-BuOH and $H_2O$, successively. From the EtOAc and n-BuOH fractions, four compounds were isolated through the repeated silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. They were determined as sinapyl aldehyde (1), 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (2), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3) and 2,4-dihydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid (4) on the basis of spectroscopic data, respectively. Among the isolated compounds, sinapyl aldehyde $(34.7{\pm}0.6%)$ and 2,4-dihydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid $(43.8{\pm}0.9%)$ showed the strong antioxidative activity than artificial antioxidant BHT $(14.4{\pm}0.3%)$ in DPPH radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.514-517
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• 2000

Abstracts Six shikonin metabolites were obtained from human intestinal bacteria, Bacteriodes fragilis subsp. thetaotus. following biotransformation. The transformation of shikonin (1) was performed anaerobically for 3 day at $37^{\circ}C$ in thc bacterial suspension of B. Fagilis which was cultured overnight in GAM broth. The incubation mixture \vas extracted with EtGAc Lo give a dark-brown residue. The residue was apphed to a silica gel column, which was eluted successively with hexane (Fr. A), $CHCl_3$ (Fr. B), and $CHCl_3$:MeOH (9:I) (Fr. C). Six metabolites. Fr.A (2 and 3), Fr. B (6 and 7), and Fr. C (4 and 5) were isolated by repeated silica gel column chromatography, preparatlVe TLC, followed by Sephadex LH-20. In vitro cytotoxicities were tested against human tumor cell lines; PC-3 (prostate), ACHN (renal), A549 (lung), SW620 (colon), KS62 (leukemia), and Du145 (prostate). The shikonin metabolites 2. 4, 5, and 6 showed weaker cytotoxicity than the parenL shikonin (1). whereas shikonin monomenc metabolite 3 ($ED_{50}{\;}O.44-{\;}1.22{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) and dimeric metabolite 7 ($ED_{50}{\;}O.48-{\;}2.35{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$) exhibited stronger activities compared with adriamycin, which was used as the positive control.ontrol.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.340-344
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• 1999

To evaluate antimicrobial activity of Moutan cortex the compounds isolated from $CHCl_3$ and EtOAc fractions of Moutan cortex were subjected to eight pathogenic strains. Benzoic acid, witch was identified from the $CHCl_3$ fraction, had MICs with $625{\sim}1,250\;{\mu}g/ml$ against all of the strains tested. Methyl gallate, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, gallic acid and $1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-gallyol-{\beta}-D-glucose$, which were identified from the EtOAc fraction, showed the antimicrobial activity, and the methyl gallate had the widest antimicrobial activity with MICs of $625{\sim}5,000\;{\mu}g/ml$ against all strains tested. p-Hydroxy benzoic acid showed MICs of $1,250{\sim}2,500\;{\mu}g/ml$ against all of the strains tested except C.albicans. Gallic acid had the best antimicrobial activities with MICs against the Shigella dysenteriae and Streptococcus mutans-strains of 78.1 and $312.5\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, but not against the C. albicans. And $1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-gallyol-{\beta}-D-glucose$ had the best antimicrobial activitie with MICs against the B. cereus, Staph. epidermidis and C. albicans strains of 39.1, 39.1 and $156.3\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, but not against the E. coli and Shig. Dysenteriae.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2014

This study was conducted to isolate a compound with anticancer properties from the roots of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. (Umbelliferae), and to evaluate the efficacy of that compound's anticancer activity. The $CHCl_3$ layer was purified via repeated column chromatography and recrystallization. The two compounds isolated from $CHCl_3$ layer were identified via NMR spectroscopic analysis as (10E) 1,10-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyne-3,8,9-triol (Comp. I) and anomalin (Comp. II). (10E) 1,10-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyne-3,8,9-triol was the first report from the roots of P. japonicum. MTT assays were conducted to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activities of Compounds I and II against the following human cancer cell lines: HeLa, HepG2, SNU-16, and AGS. Comp. I evidenced the most profound cytotoxic activity against HepG2 cells ($IC_{50}=6.04{\mu}g/mL$), and Comp. II exhibited the most profound cytotoxic activity against SNU-16 cells ($IC_{50}=18.24{\mu}g/mL$) among the human cancer cell lines tested in this study. However, no significant cell death was observed in the CCD-25Lu human normal lung fibroblast cells. Quantitative analysis using UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography) showed that the roots of P. japonicum contained 0.015 (Comp. I) and 1.69 mg/g (Comp. II) of these compounds.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2011

The roots of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. were extracted with 30% aqueous ethanol (EtOH), and the concentrated extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform ($CHCl_3$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and $H_2O$, successively. From the $CHCl_3$ fraction, four flavonoids were isolated through the repeated silica gel ($SiO_2$), octadecyl silica gel (ODS), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies (c.c.). According to the results of spectroscopic data including nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI/MS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR), the chemical structures of the compounds were determined as glabrol (1), abyssinone II (2), glabridin (3), and isoliquiritigenin (4). The flavonoids were evaluated for cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell lines, HCT-116, HepG2, HeLa, SK-OV-3, SK-BR-3, MCF-7, and SK-MEL-5. Especially, glabrol (1) and glabridin (2) showed $IC_{50}$ values of lower than $25{\mu}M$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.161-166
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• 1997

Tissue thromboplastin (tissue factor), a membrane bound glycoprotein is an important initiating factor in blood coagulation cascade, which leads to the formation of thrombin by activating both factor X and IX. Activation of blood coagulation by TF is essential for blood injury, and stimulates the blood coagulation in myocardial infarction, cancer and blood coagulatory diseases. High density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-II were known to be biological TF inhibitors. Recently, studies on search for TF inhibitors from natural products have been active in Korea. Among the edible mushrooms screened for inhibitory activities on the TF, Lentinus edodes showed the most strong activity, followd by Agaricus bisporus and Ganoderma lucidium. And the fractionation of the above mushrooms with the chloroform ($CHCl_3$) and ethylacetate (EtOAc) was done and evaluated for the inhibitory activities on TF. In Ganoderma lucidium, $CHCl_3$ fraction and $H_2O$ layer were not active, but EtOAc fraction exhibited a strong inhibitory activity on TF and the $IC_{50}$ value was $1.07{\times}10^{-4}\;g$. In the case of Agaricus bisporus, there were no inhibitory activities on the TF in all of the fractions. $CHCl_3$ fraction and $H_2O$ layer of Lentinus edodes did not show inhibition on the TF but EtOAc fraction showed strong inhibition on the TF, and the $IC_{50}$ value was $7.70{\times}10^{-4}\;g$.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2018

Caryopteris incana (Verbenaceae) has been used to treat cough, arthritis, and eczema in Oriental medicine. The two fractions ($CHCl_3-$ and BuOH fractions) and the essential oil of the plant material were subjected to the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) assay. The $IC_{50}$ of the $CHCl_3$ fraction and the essential oil on LPS-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were $16.4{\mu}g/mL$ and $23.08{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. On gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectroscopy (MS) analysis, twenty-five components representing 85.5% amount of total essential oil were identified. On the chromatogram, three main substances, trans-pinocarveol, cis-citral, and pinocarvone, occupied 18.8%, 13.5% and 18.37% of total peak area. Furthermore, by HPLC-UV analysis, six compounds including one iridoid (8-O-acetylharpagide)- and five phenylethanoid glycosides (caryopteroside, acteoside, phlinoside A, 6-O-caffeoylphlinoside, and leucosceptoside A) isolated from the BuOH fraction were quantified. The content of six compounds were shown as the following order: caryopteroside (162.35 mg/g) > 8-O-acetylharpagide (93.28 mg/g) > 6-O-caffeoylphlinoside (28.15 mg/g) > phlinoside (22.60 mg/g) > leucosceptoside A (16.87 mg) > acteoside (7.05 mg/g).