• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.390-410
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• 1995

This study was attempted to investigate the effects of Composite Preparation (Samulchungkan-Tang) extract (SCTE), Scutellarias Radix extract (SRE), Artemisiae iwayomogii Herba extract (AIHE), Artemisia capillaris Flos extract (ACFE), Paeaniae Radix extract (PRE) and Gardeniae Fructus extract (GFE) on the activities of GOT, GPT, ALP and LDH, and Content of total cholesterol in serum of $CCl_4$ and ${_D}-galactosamime$ intoxicated rats, and bile flow in rats. 1) In $CCl_4-intoxicated$ rats-The activities of S-GOT and S-GPT which were elevated by $CCl_4$ were significantly decreased in dose of SCTE 450 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and GFE 300 mg/kg, respectively as compared to $CCl_4$ intoxicated rats. ALP activity increased by $CC1_4-treatment$ was markedly decreased in dose of SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, AIHE 400 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and PRE 300 mg/kg, and LDH activity in SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and GFE 300 mg/kg, respectively compared to $CCl_4$ treated rates. ACFE 400 mg/kg and PRE 300 mg/kg decreased the content of total cholesterol increased by $CCl_4$, the liver weight in all sample administered groups was decreased significantly as compared to $CCl_4$ treated groups. 2) In ${_D}-galactosamine$ intoxicated rats-Sample of SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, AIHF 400 mg and 600 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg, PRE 300 mg/kg and GFE 300 mg and 500 mg/kg decreased the activities of S-GPT, ALP and LDH which was increased by ${_D}-galactosamine$ intoxication, compared to ${_D}-galactosamine$ intoxicated groups. In S-GOT activity elevated by ${_D}-galactosamine$ was significantly decreased by SCTE 450 mg/kg, ACFE 600mg/kg, AIHE 600 mg/kg, PRE 300 mg/kg, GFE 300 mg and 500 mg/kg. However, SCTE 600 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, and AIHE 400 mg/kg were not effected significantly. 3) In bile secretion-SCTE 450 mg and 600 mg/kg, ACFE 600 mg/kg and GFE 500mg/kg increased significantly the amount of bile secretion as compared to normal groups, but AIHE 400 mg/kg, SRE 400 mg/kg, and PRE 300 mg/kg did not effected significantiy.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1485-1489
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• 2004

Panax ginseng is the one of best famous phytochemical plant in the world and it's various positive effects such as antioxidant, regulation of immunity are very well known. In this study, we investigated primary the cell viability and morphological change and secondary an antioxidative effect and liver function improvement of extract from Ginseng folium and stem in CCl4 intoxicated rats. The NCTC cell line were used for cell viability and sirius red staining before the animal experiment. The female Sprague-Dawley rats (90-100g) were divided into 3 groups (Normal, AC: CCl₄ treated group, GFS: CCl₄+ extract of Ginseng folium and stem treated group) and acute liver damage was developed by one time administration of CCl₄ mixture (0.5㎖/rat). The liver tissue and sera were collected and used for quantitative measurement of enzyme activity (AST, ALT, ALP, BUN), MDA and Hyp. As a result, cell viability in GFS treated group (in concentration of 3.33-33.33㎎ GFS/200㎕ medium) was 180.9-241.0% significantly and dose dependently higher than in control group. And potential state of cell growth and differentiation and no criteria of cytoplasm lysis and nucleus breaking were observed in control and GFS group. The parameters of liver function (AST and ALP) in sera of GFS group showed significantly 93% and 67.6% lower than AC group (p<0.005-0.05). And the level of ALT and BUN showed fast similar in AC group and GFS group. The concentration of MDA in liver was decreased 576.5% significantly in GFS group when compared with AC group (p<0.005). The content of Hyp in GFS group is merely lower than in AC group. In conclusion, the water extract of Ginseng folium and stem such as Ginseng radix may be possessed the antioxidative effect and improvement of liver function in CCl₄ intoxicated rats.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2000

Hepatoprotective, diuretic and anti-inflammatory activities of the water extract of Portulaca oleracea were studied. The extract showed 59.4% in s-GPT and 55. 8% in s-GOT compared with sylimarin against $CCl_4$ intoxication and 43.7% diuretic activity compared with furosemide in mice. It showed 61.8% anti-inflammatory activity compared with indomethacin against the carrageenan-induced inflammation in rats.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.191.1-191.1
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• 2003

The anti-oxidant activities of Acanthopanax senticosus stems were investigated. The n-BuOH fraction of A. senticosus stems exhibited a significant decrease in serum transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by CCl$_4$-intoxication in rats. The n-BuOH fraction inhibited the sGPT activities by 65.79%. The n-BuOH fraction showed the increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes such as hepatic cytoso1ic superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities by 30.31, 19.82 and 155%, respectively, in CCl$_4$-intoxicated rats. These results suggest that the stems of A. senticosus possess not only the hepatoprotective, but also the anti-oxidant activities in rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 1987

The conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (type D) into xanthine oxidase (type D) was significantly increased in serum and liver of all $CCI_4$ treated rats on the necrosis and early cirrhosis stage of liver tissue. In the pretreatment of prednisolone, the ratio of type O per type O + D showed the decreasing tendency in serum, but the significant decrease in liver. In vitro, the conversion of liver xanthine oxidase from type D into type O was markedly increased by following preincubation with lysosomal fraction. The type conversion of xanthine oxidase may be caused by protelytic enzymes in lysosome.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-25
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• 1981

Methanol extracts of the roots of Atractylodes japonica (alba) (Compositae) and Gentiana scabra (Gentianaceae) were further fractionated with n-butanol, chloroform, n-hexane and water. Then each fraction was p.o. administered to an animal model of hepatitis caused by $CCl_4$ intoxication. Measurements of sleeping time of mice induced by hexobarbital administration indicated that n-butanol and chloroform fractions of Atractylodes japonica (alba), and chloroform and n-hexane fractions of Gentiana scabra showed significant liver protective activities. Measurements of the activities of serum transaminase, S-GOT and S-GPT appeared to support these results.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 1978

Total methanol extract of Plantago asiatica seeds showed significant hepatotonic activities against animal model of hepatitis. The methanol extract was further fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and water. Among these fractions, methanol extract and water and chloroform fractions exhibited hepatonic activities, whereas petroleum ether and n-butanol fractions appeared to give rise a rather toxicity. Measurements of serum GOT, GPT and duration of sleeping time induced by hexobarbital after $CCl_4$ intoxication indicated that water fraction showed most potent activities.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.406.1-406.1
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• 2002

The anti-oxidant activities of the various fractions from the herbs of Artemisia apiacea were investigated. The n- hexane and n-butanol fractions were found to cause significant free radical scavenging effects on DPPH. their scavenging potencies as indicated in $IC_{50}$ values. being 230.1 and 183.7 g/ml. respectively. The n-butanol fraction exhibited a significant decrease in serum transaminase activities elevated by hepatic damage induced by $CCl_{4}$-intoxication in rats. All fractions tested exhibited a lipid peroxidation causing a significant decrease in MDA production in TBA-reactant assay. (omitted)

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 1997

A water-soluble DDB derivative (Bis{2-(methylamino)ethyl}-4,4-dimethoxy-5,5',6,6'-dimethylenedioxy-biphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylate, DDB-S) was synthesized and its therapeutic effects on the liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats were evaluated. Oral administration of DDB-S reduced the aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activities and increased total protein and albumin contents in the serum of the carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rat. Therapeutic effects of DDB-S by intravenous injection was also investigated using carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats. Histological studies showed that IV injection of DDB-S had improved the typical necrosis around centrilobular area in liver tissue due to the carbon tetrachloride intoxication and also prevented the elevation of liver weigh/body weight ratio. IV administration of DDB-S to $CCl_4-treated$ rats significantly decreased AST & ALT activities and also prevented the decrease of aniline hydroxylation activity of the liver. These results indicate that i.v. administration of DDB-S is very effective in recovering the liver function in $CCl_4-treated$ rats.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.918-928
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• 1998

The present study was done with two aims. First, to evaluate the radiographic measurements of liver volumes in normal and hepatomegaly dogs induced by carbon tetrachloride. Second, to investigate quantitative tissue echo pattern by ultrasonography. Gray level histogram of the normal liver and the kidney were estimated with carbon tetra-chloride intoxication. In normal, r-square for liver volume to body weight was 0.93372, and this showed direct linear regression. Gray level histograms of the normal liver and the kidney were $19.150{\pm}2.490$(mean${\pm}$SD) and $13.175{\pm}2.686$(mean${\pm}$SD) respectively(p < 0.01). Liver parenchymal echogenicity was more hyperechogenic than kidney cortex echogenicity. Liver/Kidney ratio was $1.504{\pm}0.313$ and it can be used relative comparison of liver and kidney parenchymal echogenicity. In carbon-tetrachloride($CCl_4$) intoxication, changes of liver volume appeared to increase up to 24 hours after administration (p < 0.05), and decreased gradually to normal level after 2~5 days. Gray level histogram of liver parenchyma decreased up to 24hours (p < 0.01) after intoxication and then gradually increased to normal level. But that of kidney cortex had no significant change. Liver/Kidney ratio also decreased by 2 days(p < 0.01) and then gradually increased to normal level. On histopathologic features of hepatic tissues in carbon tetrachloride intoxication, both coagulative necrosis of hepatic cell and hemorrhage of centrilobular & midzonal area were identified. Conclusively, plain radiography is a useful diagnostic method for evaluating liver volume in mild hepatomegaly. Especially, it is considered that an adequate numerical processing of the liver length, depth and thoracic width and depth measurement would be helpful. Using gray level histogram, ultrasonographic evaluation was useful objective methods in early diagnosis of diffuse hepatic disease.