• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.619-623
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• 1989

The effects of temperature on yeast growth and ethanol production were investigated in batch cultures. The maximum specific growth rate of yeast was obtained at 36$^{\circ}C$ and the maximum specific production rate of ethanol was obtained at 33$^{\circ}C$. A mathematical model was employed to describe the temperature effects in ethanol fermentation and the parameters in the model were expressed as a function of temperature. Optimum temperature control strategy, from the simulation result, consists of starting the fermentation at high temperature and lowering the temperature as the fermentation proceeds.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.83-91
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• 1998

Cracking problems which high temperature plant components suffer during long-term service, occur very often at welded locations. The crack occurs due to accumulated creep damage near fusion line or at heat affected zone (HAZ). However, most of the studies on creep crack growth behavior have been performed with matrix metal not wit welded metal due to the difficulty of interpreting the test results. In this study, creep crack growth rates were measured with C(T) specimens whose cracks were formed along the fusion line or HAZ. The measured crack growth rates were characterized by {TEX}$C_{t}${/TEX}-parameter derived for elastic-primary-secondary creeping material. Since contribution of primary creep was significant for the tested 1Cr-0.5Mo steel, its effect was carefully studied. Effects of crack tip plasticity and material aging were also discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1464-1468
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• 2004

누후된 상수도 관망의 최적개량 계획수립을 위하여 많은 모형들이 개발되었으며, 이러한 모형들은 수리학적 타당성을 비롯한 다양한 인자들을 복합적으로 고려한다. 관망의 수리학적 타당성을 검토하기 위해서는 관망해석을 통해 절점 압력변화 등이 계획기간동안 만족되어야 하며, 이를 위해서는 관거의 노후정도에 따라 변하는 Hazen-Williams C상수의 변화를 고려하여야 한다. 그러나 Hazen-Williams C상수의 변화는 관거의 매설지역, 통수년수, 수질 등과 같은 여러 가지 복합적인 인자에 의해 차이가 있으며 실제 유량 및 압력자료 등에 대한 조사에 의해 매설된 관거의 C상수를 추정하여야 한다. 그러나, 내상 지역의 모든 관거에 대하여 유량과 압력을 조사하는 것은 경제적인 문제를 비롯한 여러 가지 이유로 불가능하므로 본 연구에서는 실측된 몇몇 지점의 유량 및 압력 변화에 따라 대상지역에 매설된 관거의 C상수 변화를 추정하는 알고리즘을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.217-224
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• 2014

Cochlodinium polykrikoides is a typical harmful algal species which generates the red-tide in the coastal zone, southern Korea. Accurate algal growth model can be established and then the prediction of the red-tide occurrence using this model is possible if the information on the optimal growth model parameters are available because it is directly related between the red-tide occurrence and the rapid algal bloom. However, the limitation factors on the algal growth, such as light intensity, water temperature, salinity, and nutrient concentrations, are so diverse and also the limitation function types are diverse. Thus, the study on the algal growth model development using the available laboratory data set on the growth rate change due to the limitation factors are relatively very poor in the perspective of the model. In this study, the growth model on the C. polykrikoides are developed and suggested as the optimal model which can be used as the element model in the red-tide or ecological models. The optimal parameter estimation and an error analysis are carried out using the available previous research results and data sets. This model can be used for the difference analysis between the lab. condition and in-situ state because it is an optimal model for the lab. condition. The parameter values and ranges also can be used for the model calibration and validation using the in-situ monitoring environmental and algal bloom data sets.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.51-62
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• 2016

Parametric studies for various site conditions by using 3d numerical model were carried out in order to estimate dynamic behavior of soil-pile-structure system in dry soil deposits. Proposed model was analyzed in time domain using FLAC3D which is commercial finite difference code to properly simulate nonlinear response of soil under strong earthquake. Mohr-Coulomb criterion was adopted as soil constitutive model. Soil nonlinearity was considered by adopting the hysteretic damping model, and an interface model which can simulate separation and slip between soil and pile was adopted. Simplified continuum modeling was used as boundary condition to reduce analysis time. Also, initial shear modulus and yield depth were appropriately determined for accurate simulation of system's nonlinear behavior. Parametric study was performed by varying weight of superstructure, pile length, pile head fixity, soil relative density with proposed numerical model. From the results of parametric study, it is identified that inertial force induced by superstructure is dominant on dynamic behavior of soil-pile-structure system and effect of kinematic force induced by soil movement was relatively small. Difference in dynamic behavior according to the pile length and pile head fixity was also numerically investigated.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.1479-1493
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• 1998

C++ 프로그램을 병렬 실행시키려면 재구성 컴파일러가 함수 호출로 발생하는 요약된 정보를 수집해야 한다. 객체의 참조 매개변수를 사용하는 경우와 객체의 참조를 반환하는 메소드에 대해서 메소드간의 요약된 정보를 발견하여 병렬성을 검출하는 것은 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 순차 C++ 프로그램을 병렬 프로그램으로 변환하기 위해 클래스 인터페이스 내에 메소드간의 관계를 명시하는 병렬 정보 GERINFPO절과 순서 정보 SEQ절을 삽입하므로서 명시적인 병렬성을 얻고 재구성 컴파일러는 명시된 정보를 이용하여 프로그램내에 내재한 묵시적 병렬성을 얻는 방법을 제안한다. 또한 본 논문에서 제시하는 종속 분석 방법을 이용하여 순차 C++ 프로그램을 병렬 코드로 변환하는 병렬코드 변환기를 구현하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics A
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• v.28A no.9
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• pp.692-699
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• 1991

In this paper, graphical representations of parameter variations affected by series or parallel feedback in the load plane were studied. As a result of transformations, all parameters of 2-port was converted to circles, and the step of noise circles and gain circles was 0.1 dB and 1dB, respectively. Compared with conventional commercial CAD softwares, the circuit design procedures could be verified much more systemically. This CAD was programmed in C-language and executed in IBM-PC with VGA graphic adaptor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1997.05b
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• pp.577-582
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• 1997

KSTAR 토카막$^1$플라즈마의 전류구동을 위한 RF 안테나 설계시 최적 조건을 2차원 파동 코드와 안테나 모듀울(module)을 이용하여 연구하였다 최적 조건을 얻기 위해 플라즈마와 안테나 매개변수 각각에 대한 부하와 전압정재파비(VSWR)의 관계를 살펴보았다. 계산결과로부터, 송전선의 특성저항 $R_{c}$=50$\Omega$, 안테나 폴로이달(poloidal) 길이 $A_{pl}$ =1.0m, 안테나 사이의 간격 $w_{d}$=4$^{0}$ 근처에서 최적의 안테나 조건을 갖음을 알 수 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.3C
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• pp.286-292
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• 2006

Both composition and XOR are operations widely used to enhance security of cryptographic schemes. The more number of random permutations we compose (resp. XOR), the more secure random permutation (resp. random function) we get. Combining the two methods, we consider a generalized form of random function: $SUM^s - CMP^c = ({\pi}_{sc} ... {\pi}_{(s-1)c+1}){\oplus}...{\oplus}({\pi}_c...{\pi}_1)$ where ${\pi}_1...{\pi}_{sc}$ are random permutations. Given a fixed number of random permutations, there seems to be a trade-off between composition and XOR for security of $SUM^s - CMP^c$. We analyze this trade-off based on some upper bound of insecurity of $SUM^s - CMP^c$, and investigate what the optimal number of each operation is, in order to lower the upper bound.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1193-1202
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• 1989

본 논문에서는 발전소의 소재로 많이 쓰이고 있는 304 스테인리스강(앞으로는 304SS로 표기함)과 316스테인리스강(앞으로는 316SS로 표기함)의 크립 균열 발생 거동 을 각각 600.deg. C와 625.deg. C에서 조사한다. 이 온도는 발전소의 반응기(reactor)에 사용 되는 304SS와 316SS이 받는 온도이다. 즉 304SS와 316SS의 크립 균열 발생을 지배 하는 파괴 매개변수가 무엇인지가 크립 파괴 실험을 통하여 조사된다. 실험 결과는 이미 제안되어 있는 크립 균열 발생 모델에서 예측된 결과와 비교된다. 특히 304SS 와 316SS은 고온에서의 연성도가 변형률 속도에 따라 변하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 '변형률 속도에 따른 재료의 연성도의 변화에 근거한 균열 발생 모델' 을 제안하고, 그 모델에서 예측된 크립 발생 거동을 실험 결과와 비교한다.