• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.257-264
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• 1987

큰달맞이꽃 종자(種子)의 발아(發芽)에 관계 되는 광(光)이외의 주요인자(主要因子)들을 알기 위하여 일차적(一次的)으로 암발아(暗發芽)에 영향(影響)을 미치는 요인(要因)들을 조사(調査)하여본 결과(結果)는 다음과 같았다. 여러가지의 물이적변화유기처리(物理的變化誘起處理)는 항온(恒溫) 암조건(暗條件)에서 발아(發芽)되지 않았던 종자(種子)의 암발아(暗發芽)을 유기(誘起)시켰다. $15{\sim}40^{\circ}C$의 항온(恒溫)에서는 암발아(暗發芽)되지 않았으나 $4^{\circ}C$의 저온(低溫), $-10^{\circ}C$의 냉동 또는 $80^{\circ}C$의 고온처리(高溫處理)에서는 암발아(暗發芽)가 유기(誘起)되었다. 변온(變溫)은 암발아(暗發芽)를 유기(誘起)시켰으며 $10{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ 범위(範圍)에서는 적어도 $5^{\circ}C$ 이상의 변온폭(變溫幅)을 요구하였다. 변온에 대한 종자(種子)의 감응(感應)은 치상후 1~2일째 이루어졌다. $GA_3$, IAA, BA, Ethrel은 암발아(暗發芽)에 유기효과(誘起效果)가 없었으나 Thiourea 처리는 1.0% 농도처리에서 40%의 암발아(暗發芽)를 유기(誘起)시켰다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.220-233
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to present new a model that allows the study of the bone healing process, with an emphasis on the biological behavior of different graft-to-host interfaces. A standardized "over-inlay" surgical technique combined with a differential histomorphometric analysis is presented in order to optimize the use of critical-size calvarial defects in pre-clinical testing. Methods: Critical-size defects were created into the parietal bone of 8 male Wistar rats. Deproteinized bovine bone (DBBM) blocks were inserted into the defects, so that part of the block was included within the calvarial thickness and part exceeded the calvarial height (an "over-inlay" graft). All animals were sacrificed at 1 or 3 months. Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical evaluation was carried out within distinct regions of interest (ROIs): the areas adjacent to the native bone (BA), the periosteal area (PA) and the central area (CA). Results: The animals healed without complications. Differential morphometry allowed the examination of the tissue composition within distinct regions: the BA presented consistent amounts of new bone formation (NB), which increased over time ($24.53%{\pm}1.26%$ at 1 month; $37.73%{\pm}0.39%$ at 3 months), thus suggesting that this area makes a substantial contribution toward NB. The PA was mainly composed of fibrous tissue ($71.16%{\pm}8.06%$ and $78.30%{\pm}2.67%$, respectively), while the CA showed high amounts of DBBM at both time points ($78.30%{\pm}2.67%$ and $74.68%{\pm}1.07%$, respectively), demonstrating a slow remodeling process. Blood vessels revealed a progressive migration from the interface with native bone toward the central area of the graft. Osterix-positive cells observed at 1 month within the PA suggested that the periosteum was a source of osteoprogenitor elements. Alkaline phosphatase data on matrix deposition confirmed this observation. Conclusions: The present model allowed for a standardized investigation of distinct graft-to-host interfaces both at vertically augmented and inlay-augmented sites, thus possibly limiting the number of animals required for pre-clinical investigations.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 1995

Agrobacterium rhizogenes를 매개로 한 Populus의 형질전환계를 확립하고자 형질전환율에 영향을 주는 주요 인자들을 검토하고, 형질전환 식물체를 분화시켜 도입유전자의 발현을 확인하였다. 줄기조직보다 잎조직이 kanamycin에 대한 감수성이 커 형질전환체의 선발에 유리한 것으로 판단되었다. 접종용액의 박테리아 밀도는 $4{\times}10^5{\sim}7{\times}10^9\;cfu$의 범위내에서 형질전환율에 거의 영향을 주지 않았다. 공배양 기간은 1일 이내가 바람직하였고, 박테리아 제거배지의 항생제 농도는 cefotaxime과 ampicillin 각각 $250\;{\mu}g/ml$가 적당하였다. 배지에 acetosyringone을 첨가하여 배양한 박테리아를 사용했을 때 형질전환율이 증가했는데 acetosyringone의 적정농도는 $50\;{\mu}M$이었다. 형질전환된 gall은 kanamycin 농도가 $100\;{\mu}g/ml$ 이상인 배지를 사용하거나, 생장조절제가 들어있지 않은 배지를 사용하여 선택적으로 유기 및 증식시킬 수 있었다. A. rhizogenes를 접종시킨 조직으로부터 유기된 gall은 생장조절제를 포함하는 배지뿐만 아니라, 생장조절제가 없는 배지에서도 3주 이내에 뿌리를 형성하였다. NAA 0.05 mg/ml와 BA 0.5 mg/ml를 첨가한 배지에서 배양된 gall로 부터 약 6주일 후 식물체가 분화되었다. A. rhizogenes를 접종시켜 얻은 gall,그리고 gall로부터 재분화된 식물체의 추출물에서 agropine과 mannopine이 검출되어, 도입된 opine합성 유전자가 발현되고 있는 것이 확인되었다.

• 화훼연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 우단일엽(Pyrrosia linearifolia)의 전엽체 및 포자체의 생활환을 이용한 주년 대량번식체계의 기초를 제공하기 위하여 전엽체 증식 및 포자체를 이용한 식물체 재생에 미치는 기내 환경요소를 구명하였다. 전엽체 증식은 2MS배지에서 가장 왕성하였다. 질소급원 또한 첨가량이 많아질수록 증식율과 생육이 우수하였으며, 120mM 첨가구에서 생육이 가장 왕성하였다. 전엽체 증식에 가장 적합한 sucrose의 첨가농도는 3%였다. IAA, NAA, BA 및 kinetin을 $5{\sim}20{\mu}M$정도 첨가하는 것은 전엽체의 생육을 촉진하였으나, 2iP는 전엽체의 생육을 억제하였다. 액체배지에서는 전엽체의 생육이 억제되었으나, 진탕배양했을 때에는 고체배지와 증식량이 유사하였으며, 생식기관 또한 정상적으로 형성되었다. 포자체의 엽신과 근경의 절편을 다져서 배양한 결과, 근경 절편에서만 포자체가 재생되었다. 곱게 다진 근경의 절편은 1/8MS배지에서 포자체 재생이 가장 왕성하였으나, 재생된 포자체의 생육은 1/2MS배지에서 가장 우수하였다. 1/8MS배지에서 포자체 재생 및 생육을 촉진시킬 수 있는 적정 sucrose의 첨가 농도는 1%이며, $NaH_2PO_4$를 $50{\sim}100mg{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ 첨가하는 것은 균질배양한 근경의 절편에서 포자체가 형성되는 것을 촉진하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.67-81
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• 2016

In order to examine the variation characteristics of chemical compositions in accordance with the different meteorological conditions, $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were collected at Gosan site of Jeju Island in 2014, and then their ionic and elemental species were analyzed. The concentrations of nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$ and $NH_4{^+}$ were respectively 4.3 and 3.3 times higher in fine particle mode ($PM_{2.5}$) compared to coarse particle mode ($PM_{10-2.5}$), however $NO_3{^-}$ concentration was 1.6 times higher in coarse mode compared to fine particle mode. During Asian dust days, the concentrations of nss-$Ca^{2+}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ increased highly as 7.7 and 4.5 times in coarse particle mode, and 3.0 and 4.9 times higher in fine particles, respectively. Especially, the concentrations of the crustal species (Al, Fe, Ca, K, Mn, Ba, Sr, etc.) indicated a noticeable increase during the Asian dust days. For the haze days, the concentrations of secondary pollutants increased 2.2~2.7 and 2.9~6.0 times in coarse and fine particles, respectively, and they were 0.8~1.1 and 1.8~2.4 times, respectively, during the mist days. The aerosols were acidified largely by sulfuric and nitric acids, and neutralized mainly by ammonia in fine particle mode during the haze days, but neutralized by calcium carbonate in coarse particle mode during the Asian dust days. The clustered back trajectory analysis showed that the concentrations of nss-$SO{_4}^{2-}$, $NO_3{^-}$, and $NH_4{^+}$ were relatively high when the inflow pathway of air mass was from the southern part of China.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.108-121
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• 2009

The suspended particulate matters have been collected on membrane filters and glass fiber filters by an 8-stage cascade impactor for 2 years (Sep. 2005${\sim}$Sep. 2007) in Kyung Hee University-Global Campus located on the border of Yongin and Suwon. The 20 chemical species (Al, Mn, Si, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, V, Cd, Ba, $Na^+$, ${NH_4}^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, $Cl^-$, ${NO_3}^-$, and ${SO_4}^{2-}$) were analyzed by an ICP-AES and an IC after performing proper pre-treatments of each sample filter. Based on these chemical information, the PMF receptor model was applied to identify the source of ambient size-by-size particulate matters. The receptor modeling is the one of the statistical methods to achieve resonable air pollution management strategies. A total of 10 sources was identified in 9 size-ranges such as long-range transport, secondary aerosol, $NH_{4}NO_{3}$ related source, coal combustion, sea-salt, soil, oil combustion, auto emission, incineration, and biomass burning. Especially, the secondary aerosol source assorted in fine and coarse modes was intensively studied.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.255-260
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• 2002

The effects of intracellular and extracellular pH on the inwardly rectifying $K^+$ (IRK) channel of the bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were examined using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. The IRK current, efficiently blocked by $Ba^{2+}\;(200{\mu}M),$ is the most prominent membrane current in BAECs, which mainly determines the resting membrane potential. The expression of Kir2.1 was observed in BAECs using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Intracellular alkalinization, elicited by the extracellular substitution of NaCl with $NH_4Cl$ (30 mM), significantly augmented the amplitude of IRK current. On the contrary, the amplitude of IRK current was attenuated by the Na-acetate (30 mM)-induced intracellular acidification. The changes in extracellular pH also closely modulated the amplitude of IRK current, which was decreased to $40.2{\pm}1.3%$ of control upon switching the extracellular pH to 4.0 from 7.4. The extracellular pH value for half-maximal inhibition (pK) of IRK current was 5.11. These results demonstrate that the activity of IRK channel in BAECs, probably Kir2.1, was suppressed by proton at both sides of plasma membrane.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.3651-3656
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• 2012

The size-segregated atmospheric aerosols have been collected at 1100 m site of Mt. Halla in Jeju, a background area in Korea, using 8-stage cascade impact air sampler during Asian dust and non-Asian dust storm periods. Their ionic and elemental species were analyzed, in order to examine the pollution characteristics and composition change between Asian dust and non-Asian dust periods. The major ionic species such as nss-$SO_4{^{2-}}$, $NH_4{^+}$, and $K^+$ were predominantly distributed in the fine particles (below $2.1{\mu}m$ diameter), and besides the $NO_3{^-}$ was distributed more in coarse particle fraction than fine particle. On the other hand, the typical soil and marine species i.e., nss-$Ca^{2+}$, $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, and $Mg^{2+}$, were mostly existed in the coarse particles (over $2.1{\mu}m$ diameter). As well in the elemental analysis of aerosols, the major soil-originated Al, Fe, Ca, and others showed prominently high concentrations in the coarse particle fraction, whereas the anthropogenic S and Pb were relatively high in the fine particle fraction. From the comparison of aerosol compositions between Asian dust and non-Asian dust periods, the concentrations of the soil-originated species such as nss-$Ca^{2+}$, Al, Ca, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ba, Sr have increased as 2.7-4.2 times during the Asian dust periods. Meanwhile the concentrations of nss-$SO_4{^{2-}}$ and $NO_3{^-}$ have increased as 1.4 and 2.0 times, and on the contrary $NH_4{^+}$ concentrations have a little bit decreased during the Asian dust periods. Especially the concentrations of both soil-originated ionic and elemental species increased noticeably in the coarse particle mode during the dust storm periods.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 1995

영국의 2개 화력발전소로부터 석탄연소 폐기물 시료를 17년, 약40년 풍화된 것 그리고 풍화되지 않은 것의 구분으로 각각 채취하였다. 이 시료들과 증류수, 인공 침출수등을 이용, 뱃치 실험을 실시하였다. 통화되지 않은 시료의 증류수를 통한 실험에서는 Ca, Na, K, S, B, Cr, Cu, Li, Ni, Mo 그리고 $Cl^-$ 등 원소가 다량으로 방출되는 것이 관찰되었으며 이는 이들 원소들이 주로 표면에 수반된다는 증거가 된다. Mg, Al, Ba, Si, V, As 그리고 Se등은 이러한 다량방출을 하지 않는바 이들 원소들은 입자 표면보다는 PFA 입자의 유리질에 수반되는 것으로 생각된다. 풍화 PFA시료를 통한 실험에서는 유리질과 같은 상온에서 불안정한 상에 수반되는 용융성원소들이 용액으로 방출됨이 증명되었다. 인공 침출수를 이용한 실험에서는 Fe, Ca, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn 그리고 Hg등이 제거되는것이 관찰되었으며 이는 용액으로부터 제거되어 고체 PFA의 성분에서 증가하는것을 통하여도 확인된다. 중금속 제거정도는 Meaford>Drax 풍화시료>Drax 신선한 시료의 순이며 이는 풍화의 정도와도 일치한다. 즉 풍화를 많이 받은 시료에서 더 많은 중금속이 제거되는 결과를 보여준다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.701-717
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to extensively estimate the air quality trends of the study area by surveying con-centration trends in months or seasons, after analyzing the mass concentration of PM-10 samples and the inorganic lements, ion, and total carbon in PM-10. Also, the study introduced to apply the PMF (Positive Matrix Factoriza-tion) model that is useful when absence of the source profile. Thus the model was thought to be suitable in Korea that often has few information about pollution sources. After obtaining results from the PMF modeling, the existing sources at the study area were qualitatively identified The PM-10 particles collected on quartz fiber filters by a PM-10 high-vol air sampler for 3 years (Mar. 1999∼Dec.2001) in Kyung Hee University. The 25 chemical species (Al, Mn, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, Ce, Pb, Si, N $a^{#}$, N $H_4$$^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$, C $l^{[-10]}$ , N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ , S $O_4$$^{2-}$, TC) were analyzed by ICP-AES, IC, and EA after executing proper pre - treatments of each sample filter. The PMF model was intensively applied to estimate the quantitative contribution of air pollution sources based on the chemical information (128 samples and 25 chemical species). Through a case study of the PMF modeling for the PM-10 aerosols. the total of 11 factors were determined. The multiple linear regression analysis between the observed PM-10 mass concentration and the estimated G matrix had been performed following the FPEAK test. Finally the regression analysis provided source profiles (scaled F matrix). So, 11 sources were qualitatively identified, such as secondary aerosol related source, soil related source, waste incineration source, field burning source, fossil fuel combustion source, industry related source, motor vehicle source, oil/coal combustion source, non-ferrous metal source, and aged sea- salt source, respectively.ively.y.