• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1997

Physical and magnetic behaviors of reduced Co-Zn-Ti-Sn substituted Ba-ferrite particles with hydrogen are different from those of reduced-pure Ba-ferrite particles. The coercivity of substituted Ba-feffite particles shows a peaking effect with the reduction temperature ranging from 250 to 520 $^{\circ}C$, while the coercivity of pure Ba-ferrite decreases monotonically. The reduction process of substituted Ba-ferrite has been found to be devided into three steps. At the first and second steps, the magneto-plumbite structure maintained. When the reduced-substituted Ba-ferrite particles are reoxidized, the coercivity is reversible at the first step but irreversible at the second step. During the third step of reduction process above 410 $^{\circ}C$. The magneto plumbite structure was collapsed with formation of $\alpha$-Fe and $BaFeO_{3-x}$ phases and consequently the coercivity distribution is broaden and the coercivity irreversible. The coercivity and saturation magnetization decreases and increases up to 130 emu/g respectively. In this study, it is found that the substituted elements prevent the magneto-plumbite structure from collapse during the reduction process and furthermore migrate from the magnetic sites of $2a+4f_{IV}$, 2b, and 12k to $4f_{VI}$ and 12k'. An increase in the coercivity before the collapse of magneto-plumbite structure is attributed to the migration of cations in hexagonal Ba-ferrite structure.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.382-391
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• 1996

In this study, 12 different chemical species of fine ceramic($BaTiO_3$) were synthesized as the standard materials for the fast and accurate measurements of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Samples were diluted to sixteen times with the filling compound ($Li_2B_4O_7+LiBO_2$) in order to remove the matrix effect, and to get the convenient storage and homogeneity of ingredients. The matrix effects among the ingredients were corrected by the empirical coefficient method based on the Lucas-Tooth and Price model. The standard curve on 12 standard materials containing 15 elements were obtained by using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry at three different laboratories. The correlation factors of BaO, PbO, SrO, $Fe_2O_3$, $La_2O_3$, $SnO_2$, ZnO, $ZrO_2$, CaO indicated the relati vely good agreement over 0.995 among the three different laboratories. $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ showed the poor linearity because of their low fluorescence intensities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2003

RE(Nd, Sm) elements doped (RE/Y)$_{1.8}$B $a_{2.4}$C $u_{3.4}$$O_{7-x}$ [(RE/Y)1.8] high $T_{c}$ superconductors were directionally grown by Top Seed Melt Growth(TSMG) process in air atmosphere. The (001)melt-textured N $d_{1.8}$B $a_{2.4}$C $u_{3.4}$ $O_{7-X}$(Nd1.8) seed crystals were used for achieving the c-axis alignment large grains perpendicular to surface of the samples. The (RE/Y)1.8 SEM micrographs of the melt-textured (RE/Y)1.8 samples revealed that the nonsuperconducting (RE/Y)211 inclusions are uniformly distributed in the superconducting (RE/Y)123 matrix except the region very close to the Nd seed crystal. The microstructure and superconducting properties were investigated by XRD, SEM, TEM and SQUID magnetometer. The Melt-textured (RE/Y)1.8 samples showed an onset $T_{c}$=91K and sharp superconducting transition. Also, the magnetization value of the (RE/Y)1.8 samples were compared with those of Y1.8 sample at 77 K. 77 K. 77 K. 77 K.K.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 투광성 0.085Ba(L $a_{1}$2/N $b_{1}$2/) $O_{3}$- 0.915Pb(Z $r_{y}$ $Ti_{1-y}$) $O_{3}$(0.45.leq.y.leq.0.70)세라믹을 2단 소성법으로 제작한 후, PbZr $O_{3}$조성 및 온도에 따른 구조적, 강유전적특성을 측정하였다. XRD측정 결과, PbZr $O_{3}$조성이 감소할수록 결자상수 및 단위격자 체적은 감소하였으며 시편의 결정구조는 입방정계에서 능면체정계, 정방정계로 변화되었다. 8.5/60/40시편의 경우 포화분극, 잔류분극 및 항전계가 각각 33.28[.mu.C/$cm^{2}$], 4.15[kV/cm]로 전형적인 메모리 특성을 나타내었으며 PbZr $O_{3}$조성이 증가함에 따라 강유전 이력곡선은 slim loop특성을 나타내었다. 잔류분극은 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며 특히 PE-FE상경계 부근에 위치한 조성의 경우, 상전이 온도 이하의 온도에서 급격히 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.163-167
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• 2017

Along with the progress of white LED technology, red phosphors have become increasingly important in industry and academia, and a more specific demand has steadily increased in the market. Red phosphors are used in high efficiency and high rendering LED lightings. However, using red phosphors with $Eu^{2+}$ activators caused color rewarming and reduced emission intensity in white LED chips due to strong reabsorption in the green or yellow wavelength range caused by the 4f-5d transition. $Mn^{4+}$ doped phosphors which have no such drawbacks and which can further improve the color rendering index (CRI) are now of great interest. However, $Mn^{4+}$-doped phosphors have a disadvantage in that the emission wavelength is determined depending on the host due to the $^2E_g{\rightarrow}^4A_2$ transition. In this study, the $SrO-BaO-GeO_2$ solid-solution was selected, and $Sr_{1-x}B_axGe_4O_9:Mn^{4+}{_{0.005}}$ ($0{\leq}x{\leq}1$) phosphors were synthesized and characterized. This led to a versatile color tuning in LED technology.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2000

BST thin films were prepared with various deposition conditions by rf-magnetron sputtering. As substrate temperature increases and Ar/$O_2$ratio decreases, the electrical properties of the BST films improve. The conventional Schottky model and modified-Schottky model were introduced in order to investigate the leakage-current-conduction mechanisms of the deposited films. It was found that the modified-Schottky model better describes the current-conduction mechanism in the BST films than the conventional Schottky model. From the modified-Schottky model, optical dielectric constant ($\varepsilon$), electronic drift mobility ($\mu$), and barrier height $({\phi}_b)are calculated as $\varepsilon$=4.9, $\mu$=0.019 $\textrm{cm}^2$/V-s, and ${\phi}_b=0.79 eV.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2002.12a
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• pp.86-87
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• 2002

Fe과 Mo이 교대로 정렬해 있는 이중 페로브스카이트 구조를 갖는 $A_{2-x}$FeMo $O_{6}$(A=Ca, Sr, Ba) 화합물들은 망간 산화물들에 비해 높은 $T_{c}$ (310-420K)의 준강자성 상태를 갖는다.$^{1.3}$ 이 화합물들은 F $e^{3+}$ (S=5/2) 와 M $o^{5+}$(S=1/2) 스핀들 사이의 커다란 반강자성 상호작용으로 이론적으로 4$\mu$$_{B}$/f.u.의 $M_{s}$ 값을 갖는다. A-site의 평균 이온 반경( $r_{A}$)이 증가함에 따라 이 화합물들의 결정구조는 Monoclinic(A=Ca)에서 Tetragonal(Sr)과 Cubic(Ba)으로 점진적으로 변화한다.$^3$(중략)(중략)략)략)

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.551-557
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• 1996

To decrease the hysteresis of electric field induced strain, $Y_{2}$ $O_{3}$ dopant of which amount is 0-0.8wt% was added to the (P $b_{0.73}$B $a_{0.27}$)(Z $r_{0}$ 75/ $Ti_{0.25}$) $O_{3}$ ceramics. Electromechanical coupling coefficients of the specimen with 0.1 Wt% $Y_{2}$ $O_{3}$ were $k_{p}$=26.9% and $k_{31}$ =20.4%, which exhibited the maximum value at the constant bias electric field of 10 kV/cm. At the same $Y_{2}$ $O_{3}$ addition amount, electric field piezoelectric constant ( $d_{3l}$) and strain(.DELTA.l/l) showed the maximum values of 139.6*10$^{-12}$ [C/N] and 126*10$^{-6}$ .DELTA. l/l respectively at 10 kV/cm electric field. And the hysteresis of strain showed the minimum value of 17.5%. So, we propose that it is possible to apply PBZT system with $Y_{2}$ $O_{3}$ dopant to the electrostrictive actuator.r.r.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 1995

The electrical properties of (S $r_{0.50}$P $b_{0.25}$B $a_{0.25}$)Ti $O_{3}$ ceramics were studied. Specimens were prepared by the conventional mixed oxide method, and fired between 1300[.deg. C] - 1375[.deg. C], for 2[hr.]. The electrical and structural preperties of specimens were investigated with sintering temperature. Increasing the sintering temperature from 1300[.deg. C] to 1375[.deg. C], average grain size was increased from 2.61[.mu.m] to 4.53[.mu.m]. (S $r_{0.50}$P $b_{0.25}$B $a_{0.25}$)Ti $O_{3}$ specimen sintered at 1350[.deg. C] for two hours showed good dielectric constant(2147) and dielectric loss(1.7[%]) properties at 1[khz]. Sintered density and breakdown field strength were the highest value of 5.75[g/c $m^{3}$], 20[kV/cm], respectively. Dielectric properties with applied voltage were independent of the sintering temperature.temperature.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.117-119
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• 2009

Polycrystalline samples of LaFe$O_3$-BaTi$O_3$ were synthesized to examine the structural and magnetic behavior. X-ray diffraction confirmed that the ceramics had tetragonal symmetry with less tetragonal strain (c/a) than BaTi$O_3$. The magnetic hysteresis measured at room temperature suggested that the magnetic nature deviates from that of the parent LaFe$O_3$, which has antiferromagentic with a G-type spin structure. Improved magnetic behavior of the solid solution compound might be due to the increase in the canting angle of the spin. The presence of oxygen vacancies and fluctuating Fe valence, arising from the substitution of $Ba^{2+}$ and $Ti^{4+}$ at the A- and B-sites of the lattice, might contribute to bulk magnetization. The temperature dependent magnetization indicated that magnetization was higher at low temperatures and showed a decreasing trend with increasing temperature to room temperature. The magnetic transition temperature of these samples was 665 K and 743 K for the mixed system and LaFe$O_3$, respectively.